
Class. 



A ;' 



Book 






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il 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 



ancient an* JRtfWhi 
DUBLIN. 

ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AFTER DRAWINGS 
' BY GEORGE PETRTE, ESQ. 



WHICH IS ANNEXED A PLAN OF THP CITY. 




13 V THC 

REV. G. N. WRIGHT A M. 






LONDON: 

PRINTED FOI1 BALDWIN, CftABOCK, AND .JOY- 

1821. 






1 



. 



. 









— 

T. C. HANSARD, P ri nter, Peterborough-court, Fleet-street, London. 



PREFACE 



JL HE work now offered to the public will, it is hoped, 
be equally acceptable to the residents of Dublin and to 
strangers who may visit this magnificent capital; the 
former will be gratified by the details concerning institu- 
tions and public edifices, daily before their eyes, but of 
whose origin, and other remarkable circumstances attend- 
ing which, they may yet have much to learn ; whilst the 
latter will find in it every thing calculated to inform 
them of those objects best worthy their attention. 

The history of the metropolis of a great nation, known 
to the world of letters from the earliest periods, and 
rising daily in the scale of nations, cannot but be 
important; and, in endeavouring to elucidate this, no 
pains have been spared. 

As to the plan adopted in the detail, the reader will 
perceive, that, instead of prefacing the work with vo- 
luminous extracts from the annals of antiquity, the past 
history of each institution will be found prefixed to the 
description of the building or establishment in its pre- 
sent state; so that every article is an unbroken chain of 
historical evidence, relative to the institution it professes 
to treat of, from its foundation to the present linn' 



PREFACE. 

This arrangement, il 15 hoped, will be found not onl) 
perspicuous, l>ut an additional inducement to the readei 

not lo turn from the venerable remains of antiquity, 
wearied by the perusal of minutely detailed annals. 

My expectations of accuracy are built upon a consci- 
ousness of the pains 1 have taken to deserve it. Exten- 
sive local knowledge, diligent investigation, where it 
was required, and information derived from members of 
some of the most important bodies in the city, are con- 
centrated to produce the desired end. 

The disposal of such means, and the possession oi 
some leisure, were aided in their incitements to exertion 
by the advice of the Roman Historian, " non dtsidw. 
utgue sowdiu bonum otium conterere." 

I now deliver up my labours to the world, not without 
-leat diilidence, because, where so much was to be done, 
much may have been omitted; at the same time I cherish 
a hope, that praise for candour and diligence, at least, 
will nut be withheld. 




























O.N. \Y. 



TABLE OF CON TLA is 



Page 
ANCIENT HISTORY OF 

IRELAND 1 

THE CITY OF DUBLIN.. 4 
Geographical Description 11 

DUBLIN CASTLE 14 

TheChapd 16 

Executive Government 19 

THE UNIVERSITY 21 

The Chapel 31 

Theatre ib. 

Refectory 33 

Library ' 3-1 

Manuscript Room 3."> 

College Park 37 

Printing House 39 

Provost'.-. House ib. 

The Museum 41 

AstronomicalObscrvalory ib. 

Botanic Garden .' a 

BANK OF IRELAND 43 

The Printing Houae 48 

Levigating Machine. . . . 52 

Engraving Engine ib. 

Printing Presses . r >3 

Drymg^Room 54 

N'uinl>ering and Dating 

Presse s 55 

Its Institution 57 

PRIVATE-BANKERS 59 

Shaw's Bank ib. 

Newcomen's Rank ib. 

Latouche's Bank ib. 

Einlav and Co's. Bank 60 

Ball'sBank ib. 

COUNTRY HANKERS .... ib. 

Belfast Rank ib. 

DUBLIN SOCIETY 6] 

FARMING SOCIETY 69 

ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY n 
KIRWANIAN SOCIETY.. 73 
IBBRNO-CELTIC SOCIETY ib. 
DUBLIN INSTITUTION .. 7) 
DUBLIN LIBRARY so. 

CIETY 

MARSH S LIBRARY 76 



Page 

CATHEDRALS-.— 

ST. PATRICK'S 7? 

The Choir 92 

Monuments in the Choir.. 91 

The Chapter House lu I 

St. Mary's Chapel 102 

The Deanery-house 104 

Archiepiscopal Palace ib. 

Installation of Knights of 

the Order of St. Patrick 10.5 

CHRIST-CHURCH 107 

The Nave 1)2 

The Transept 124 

The Choir ib. 

St. Mary's Chapel .. 126 

Deanerv House 127 

CHURCHES:— 

St. Michael's Church |28 

St. John's Church 130 

St. Michan's Church 13 1 

Vaults ot St. Michan's 132 

St. Andoen'fi Church 136 

St. Nicholas Without 139 

St. Peter's Church 14 1 

St. Kevin'.- Church 143 

St. Werbureh's Church .... 144 

St. Mary's Church 147 

St. A line'.- Church 150 

St. Bridget's Church 152 

St. George's Chun it 1.04 

St. George's Chape] 1.-.7 

St. Thomas's Church i.">- 

St. Catherine'.- Church 160 

St. James's Chinch I6.s 

St. Paul's Church 16.. 

St. Nicholas Within 167 

St. Andrew's Church 16* 

St. Luke's Church 171 

Si. Mark's Church ITS 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHA- 
PELS 17 1 

Metropolitan Chapel 1: • 

\11an Qua> Chape] IT" 

Bridge-street Chapel 175 

• - street Chapi 1 lb. 

Francis-street Chapel Ib. 



v» 



CON ti:n IS. 



Page 
Liflty -street Cfeapel 179 

Anne >1 n . 1 Chapel 1*0 

Meath-slieet Chapel 181 

Exchange-street Chapel 182 

Townsend-street Chapel 185 

FRIARIES:— 

Augustinian Convent ib. 

Dominican Convent 187 

Convent of Calced Carme- 
lites ill. 

Convent of Discaleed ditto .. 188 

Convent of Franciscans ib . 

Convent of Capuchins ib. 

Convent of Jesuits 190 

M'XNERIES ib. 

King-street Nunnery 191 

Stanhope-street and William- 
street Nunneries ib. 

George's-hill,oi North Anne's- 

street Nunnery ib. 

Ward's Hill, or Warren 

Mount Nunnery 192 

Harold's Cross Nunnery .... ib. 
SECEDERS FROM THE 
ESTABLISHED CHURCH 193 

Presbyterians 194 

Strand-streetMeeting-house 1 9.0 

Eustace-street ditto 196 

Mary's Abbey ditto 19: 

Usher's Quay ditto ib. 

Seceders 198 

Independents ib. 

Methodists 199 

Baptists 201 

Walkerites. ib. 

Moravians 202 

Quakers ib . 

Jews. , 204 

German Lutherans ib. 

MUNICIPAL GOVERN- 
MENT ib. 

Mansion-houso 206 

City Assembly-house 209 

Aldermen of Skinner's-alley 210 

Tailors'-hall 211 

Weavers'-hall 212 

POLICE ESTABLISHMENT 213 
PRISONS:- 

N cwsrate 216 

Sheriffs Prison 219 

City Marshalsea 220 

Font Courts Marshalsea 221 

Sessions House 222 

MANORS:— 
Manor of Grange-Gorman . . 223 
Manor of Thomas Court and 

Doiiore 224 

Manor of SI. Sepulchre 225 

Manor of the Deanery ot St. 
Patrick's ib. 

HOUSES OF CORRECTION 226 
Dublin Penitentiary ib. 



Pagr 
Richmond General Peniten- 
tiary 22? 

Magdalen Asylum 229 

Lock Penitentiary 230 

Bow-street Asylum 231 

Townsend-street Asylum .. 232 

Dublin Female Penitent iirv il. 

ASYLUMS 23J 

CHARITABLE ASSOCIA- 
TIONS 235 

Sick and Indigent Room- 

keepers ib. 

Stranger's Friend Society .. ib. 

Charitable Association ib. 

Society for the Relief of the 

Industrious Poor ib. 

Debtor's Friend Society .... ib. 

Ouzel Galley Association.... 236 

Musical Fund Society ib. 

Society for the Relief of dis- 
tressed Literary Teachers 

and their Families 237 

Charitable Loan ib. 

Meath Charitable Society .. ib. 

Mendicity Association . ." 238 

SCHOOLS' FOR THE EDU- 
CATION OF THE POOR . 240 

Incorporated Society ib. 

Erasmus Smith's Schools ..241 

Deaf and Dumb Institution . . ib. 

ASYLUMSFORTHE BLIND 24 1 

Simpson's Hospital ib. 

Richmond National Institu- 
tion 216 

Molineux Asylum 247 

POOR SCHOOLS .— 

Female Orphan-house 248 

Masonic Female Orphan- 
School 249 

Pleasants' Asylum 250 

Day-schools 25 1 

Free Day-schools 252 

Society for Promoting the 
Education of the Poor in 

Ireland 253 

Suiulav - School Society for 

Ireland 

Hatch-street Sunday-School, 

l.eeson street 

Religious Tract and Book 

Society ib. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES., ib. 

Bible Societies 26? 

PUBLIC SQUARES:— 

Stephen's-green 268 

Merrion-square 260 

K 1 1 zwilliam -square 262 

Rutland-square 263 

Mountjo\ -square 

STATUES 265 

Neleon'a Pillai ^ 

Wellington Testimonial 26T 



L'ONTl n r s 



Page 
[•HBATftSS AND PLACES 
OF PUBLIC AMUSE- 
MENT 268 

New Theatre Royal 269 

BARRACKS 272 

BRIDGES:— 

Carlisle Bridge ib. 

Cast I ron Bridge 274 

Essex Bridge lb. 

Richmond Bridge 275 

Whitworth Bridge 276 

The Queen's Bridge 277 

Bloody Bridge ib. 

Sarah's Bridge 278 

PRIVATE RESIDENCES. .. ib. 

Charleinont House ib. 

Waterford House 280 

LAW COURTS 281 

Inusof Court 288 

Prerogative Court 294 

Coiisistorial Court ib. 

High Court of Admiralty .. 295 
Board of First Emits ib. 

PUBLIC OFFICES:— 

General Post-office 296 

Stamp Office 300 

Ballast Office 303 

Paving Board 305 

Wide-street Commissioners 306 
Pipe Water Committee .... 307 

Custom House 308 

Custom-House Docks 313 

COMMERCIAL BUILD- 
1 N'GS:— 

Royal Exchange 3 1.-, 

Corn Exchange Buildings .. 322 
The Commercial BuiI4u ■ 

Chamber of Commerce iiG 

Savings' Bank 3>7 

Gas-li-.ht Com pan) 128 

Linen ami Yarn Hall 329 

Stove Tenter-House 331 

KILMAIMIAM PRIORY .. 333 

HOSPITALS:— 
Raj a 1 Hospital, Kilmainhain il.. 
Bine-Coat Roys' Hospital, 

Blackall-stie'ct :) | 2 

Marine School 1 y, 



Page 
College ot Physicians, Sir 
Patrick Dun's Hospital ... 34s 

College of Surgeons 3/ii 

Association of Members of 
the College of Physicians 
in Ireland.— College-Green 355 

School of Physic 356 

Apothecaries' - Hall 359 

Charitable Infirmary ....... 360 

Steevens's Hospital 362 

Mercer's Hospital 365 

Meath Hospital 366 

Lying-in Hospital 36S 

Lying-in-Hospital Chapel. . . . 375 

Rotunda Rooms 376 

New Rooms. — Rutland-srj. 377 
Westmoreland Lock Hospi- 
tal.— Townsend-street .... 378 
United Hospital of St. Mark 

and St. Anne.— Mark-street 380 
Fever Hospital.— Cork-street 381 
Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital . . 386 

Whitworth Hospital 391 

Richmond Surgical Hospital 392 
St. George's House of Re- 
covery 394 

Whitworth Fever Hospital, ib. 
St. Peter's and St. Bridget's 

Hospital 396 

Royal Military Infirmary .. 397 

Hospital for Incurables 400 

House of Industry 402 

Foundling Hospital 403 

St. Patrick, or Swift's Hospi- 
tal. — Bow-lane, James-st. 407 
Richmond Lunatic Asylum. 409 

DISPENSARIES 412 

Talbot Dispensary ib. 

St. Mary and St. Thomas's 413 
Dublin General Dispensary ib. 

Meatli Dispensary 415 

Vaccine Establishment 410 

FIXE ARTS 418 

Private Collections of Paint- 
ing 421 

ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN.. 42s 
RATES OF CARRIAGES .. 43: 

HOTELS IN DUBLIN 43C 

INDEX 4.r 









tflato 



Pa 

View of Dublin from the North, (frontispiece.) 

The Castle it 

The Castle Chapel and Record Tower ic 

Trinity College 30 

The Bank 43 

St. Patrick's Cathedral :: 

Christ Church ditto L07 

St. George's Church i 5 1 

The Metropolitan Catholic Chapel 17.5 

Saekville Street, Post OfKce, and Nelson's Column 2Gt! 

The New Theatre Royal 269 

The Law Courts 2S I 

The King's Inns, and Royal Canal Harbour 292 

The Custom House • 30$ 

The Royal Exchange 3I."> 

The College of Surgeons 3.'» l 

The Lying-in Hospital 368 

Plan of the City of Dublin, (after the Index.) 



PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION; 



CONTAINING 



AN ABSTRACT OF THE 



®nt\mt ^istorfi of Xrtlaitto* 



I HE ancient history of all nations is, in a greater or 
less degree, involved in obscurity, either from the want 
of all annals, or from their loss; from the absence of 
learning amongst the original inhabitants, and sometimes 
even from the too great poetic licence which ancient his- 
torians have indulged in by the frequent introduction of 
fable. From these, and various other causes, the History 
of Ireland is involved in darkness beyond the lot of most 
nations. Ample testimony, however, is afforded by 
authentic writers, of its importance as a kingdom, even 
before Great Britain wa3 known to the continental and 
eastern empires. The first who mentions Ireland is 
Orpheus, who, in speaking of the Argonauts, says, " they 
went by the island of Icrnis." This authority is acknow- 



1 ANCIENT HISTORY 

ledged by Camden, and the learned Stephanus sets down 
the name " Iernis " as the Greek for Ireland j — tliat the 
Greeks had no communication with Ireland is a point 
universally conceded, therefore we naturally ask, how 
they came by a knowledge of its existence, and why the 
term " Iernis " is found in their Lexicons ? The answer 
to those questions is not very difficult ; the only people 
who were sufficiently acquainted with navigation to ven- 
ture through the straits of Gades, were the Phoenicians ; 
they had sailed to almost every part of Europe, and 
carried home immense treasures, many years before those 
countries were known to the Greeks ; and it was from 
the Phoenicians, therefore, the Greeks derived their in- 
formation of the existence of Iernis. Sir Laurence Par- 
sons, in his Defence of the Ancient History of Ireland, 
satisfactorily proves, that in the time of Herodotus the 
historian, that is, five hundred years before the birth of 
Christ, lead mines were worked in Ireland by a colony of 
Phoenicians ; and the inquiries of Col. Valancy have de- 
monstrated the fact, by a comparison of the Carthaginian 
and Irish languages ; the Carthaginians being a Phoeni- 
cian colony, spoke the language of Phoenicia, and in vol. 
2 of Col. Valancy's Collect, de lleb. Hib. he has taken a 
number of quotations from one of the plays of Plautus, 
where Hanno, the Carthaginian, is introduced speaking 
the Carthaginian language; being informed that his 
daughters arc at the temple of Venus, Hanno says, 
" Ilandone silli hanum bene silli in mustine ;" which is 
also correct Irish, not requiring the alteration of a letter. 
The translation is, "Whenever she (Venus) grants a 
favour, she grants it linked with misfortunes." This, I 
think, is conclusive as to the primitive identity of the two 
languages, and the transition is natural to the idea, that 



Ol' IRELAND. 3 

those countries whose language was the same, must have 
held intercourse. 

In the Augustan age, Pomponius Mela describes Ire- 
land as a fertile country, where the cattle are only per- 
mitted to remain a few hours at a time in the pasturage, 
in consequence of its richness, but the climate unwhole- 
some for human beings ; he calls it Iuvernia, but the 
Romans were not well acquainted with Ireland. Thus 
far for the antiquity of the kingdom ; its internal arrange- 
ments are but imperfectly known until they become 
connected with Britain, from which time its history is 
tolerably authentic. Logarius, the son of Neile, who 
reigned in the fourth century, is the oldest Christian 
King spoken of, but there were many Kings and petty 
kingdoms in Ireland, who were incessantly at war with 
each other. 

In 815 Ireland was entirely subdued by the Normans, 
Danes, and other barbarians from the north of Europe, 
under the command of Tengesius. After thirty years 
submission they rose, and expelled the usurpers with 
dreadful carnage. The whole island was then partitioned 
into seven petty kingdoms, all tributary to the King of 
Connaught. — Another invasion of the Danes called forth 
the energies of Brian Boromhe, King of all Ireland, who, in 
the year 1002, was slain at Clontarf, bravely fighting 
against the enemies of his country. Shortly after this 
period, Dermod M'Murrough, King of Leinster, having 
carried away the wife of O'Rouke, King of Connaught, a 
war ensued, which ended in the overthrow of M'Mur- 
rough's power ; he fled to Bristol, where he was hospi- 
tably received by Fitz-Harding, a Danish nobleman, and 
crossing over into France, submitted himself and his 
kingdom to the government of Henry the Second, on con- 
» 2 



4 ANCIENT HISTORY OF 

dition of assistance in his difficulties. The King promised 
him protection, and dismissed him with letters to some 
noblemen in Wales, by whose assistance he succeeded in 
raising troops, passing into Ireland, and recovering his 
kingdom ; after which, Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, 
came to his assistance, by permission of King Henry, and 
married the daughter of M'Murrough, upon a promise of 
the reversion of the crown of Leinster at her father's 
demise. Henry becoming jealous of the success and ad- 
vancement of Strongbow, set out for Ireland, and landed 
at Waterford the 1 7th of October 1 1 72, where he received 
the homage of Strongbow and others ; and, passing 
through Lismore and Cashell, reached Dublin the 11th of 
November, and granted that city to be inhabited by the 
citizens of Bristol. This was the earliest institution of a 
regular form of government in Dublin, which gradually, 
from its convenient situation with respect to the coast of 
the sister kingdom, became of importance, until it was 
made the residence of the Viceroy, from which time all 
its greatness must be dated. 



ANCIENT HISTORY OF 

Cl)e Ctti? of ©ufcltm 

The city of Dublin anciently stood on the south side 
only of the river Anna LifFey, an inconsiderable stream, 
and not far from Dublin Bay. The name Dublin is de- 
rived from Dub-leana, " the place of the black harbour ;'> 
and the name of the river from Auin Louiffa, " the swift 
river," being merely a mountain torrent. Mac Turkill, 
the Dane, erected a residence on the northern side of the 



THE CITY OF DUBLIN. -3 

river, which was called after the invaders Eastmantown, 
since corrupted into Oxmantown ; but he afterwards 
removed to the southern side. In 1 1 72 and 3, Henry 
the Second erected a temporary palace near the site of 
St. Andrew's Church, where he entertained the Irish 
princes, and received their promise of submission to be 
governed by the laws of England ; and held a parliament 
at the same time.-— Thirty-seven years after, King John 
arrived in Dublin, and governed the kingdom in person ; 
here, then, he received the homage of many Irish princes, 
established courts of justice, and directed the Bishop of 
Norwich to reduce the coin of Ireland to the English 
standard.— In 1216, Henry the Third granted Magna 
Charta to the inhabitants of Dublin, and the following 
year gave the city to the citizens, in fee, for 200 marks 
per annum. The civil government of Dublin was for- 
merly committed to a Provost and Bailiffs. — In the year 
1409, Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, the King's son, being 
Lord Lieutenant, the title of the chief magistrate was 
changed to that of Mayor, and Thomas Cusack appointed 
to the office. — Charles the Second granted a company of 
foot soldiers to attend the Mayor, changed the title to 
Lord Mayor, and gave beside, a pension of 500/. per 
annum. The first who bore the title of Lord Mayor was 
Sir Daniel Bellingham. Arthur, Earl of Essex, consider- 
ably improved the civil establishment of Dublin, and 
George the Second regidated the corporation according 
to its present form. 

The Common Council of Dublin consists of the Lord 
Mayor and twenty-three Aldermen, two Sheriffs, forty- 
eight Sheriff's peers, and ninety-six freemen. The 
Lord Mayor is elected from amongst the Aldermen, by 
the votes of his brother Aldermen and the Common 



6 AN ! | "M HISTORY Off 

Council ; and the Sheriffs selected from amongst eight 
freemen, nominated by the Commons. The members 
of the Common Council are chosen from the different 
Guilds, and elected by ballot. In all those cases, the 
persons elected to fill the office of Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, 
&c. must be approved of by his Excellency the Lord 
Lieutenant ; and although he has seldom occasion to in- 
terfere, this controlling power is necessary. In 1819, the 
board of Aldermen elected one of their body to the office 
of Lord Mayor, and the Commons made choice of ano- 
ther ; the case was laid before the Lord Lieutenant, who 
refused to decide, and sent them back to make a new 
election ; but such was the violence of parties,, that a 
second appeal was made to the viceroy, who, with the 
Privy Council, determined the choice. — A similar case 
occurred in the year 1790, but attended with more alarm- 
ing appearances. The board of Aldermen returned 
Alderman James as duly elected, wliile the Commons re- 
turned Alderman Howison. The case was argued three 
times before the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council 
before Alderman James was declared duly elected, and three 
different returns had been made by each party of their 
favourite candidate. Alderman James at length entered 
on his office, but so great an outcry was raised against 
" the violation of rights," that he unexpectedly resigned 
the mayoralty, and Alderman Howison was elected. 
The city magistrates held their courts in a handsome 
building, in Skinner's-row, called the Tholsel, erected in 
1683, but no trace whatever remains of it at tins day; 
the site is occupied by some new houses at the corner of 
Nicholas-street and Skinner's-row. James the Second 
held a parliament in Dublin, for the purpose of repealing 
all the Acts of Settlement ; and with great cruelty and 



THE CITY OF DUBLIN. / 

dishonour, forced upon the inhabitants the basest coin 
that ever was put into circulation ; he caused all the use- 
less brass and pewter in the ordnance stores to be melted 
down, cast, and stamped, and the value of each piece was 
to be estimated by the impress marked upon it, not by 
any consideration of its real value. His treatment of the 
University exceeded, if possible, the baseness of his other 
acts ; he directed them to receive an inefficient person to 
fill one of their senior fellowships, which they, with be- 
coming dignity, resisted, upon which a military force was 
led against them ; the fellows and scholars were driven 
from their chambers by the bayonet, the communion 
plate and library were seized, the chapel converted into a 
military depot, and many of the members cast into pri- 
son ; they were, however, after some time, released from 
confinement, on the express condition, that if they re- 
assembled, they should be punished with death. The 
general opinion is, that James intended to convert the 
University into a college of Jesuits. He, however, 
bestowed the Provostship upon Moor, a Popish prelate, 
a man possessed of a great love of letters, and who, in 
the midst of an insolent garrison of disorderly troops, 
succeeded in preserving the books and manuscripts from 
the hands of plunderers. About two years after, the 
insulted heads of the University had a powerful proof of 
the just punishment that awaits the sinner even in this 
world, in the overthrow of James at the battle of the 
Boyne, and his precipitate flight from Dublin into France. 
On this occasion, Robert Fitz-Gerald, ancestor of his 
grace the Duke of Leinster, seized on the city of Dublin, 
in the name of King William, and after expelling all the 
followers of the misguided James, restored the University 
sad civil magistracy into the hands of Protestants. 



8 AM.ILNT HISTORY OF 

After the accession of William to the throne of Great 
Britain, Ireland enjoyed almost perfect tranquillity for 
nearly a century. In the year 1729, an attempt was 
made to supersede the necessity of holding a parliament 
In Ireland, by procuring the supplies for the succeeding 
twenty-one years. Fortunately this attempt was frus- 
trated, and the motion lost by a majority of one. Parlia- 
ment sat in the Blue-coat Hospital in Oxmantown 
Green; biit in that year the first stone was laid of 
the Parliament House in College Green (now the Bank 
of Ireland,) when John Lord Carteret was Lord Lieu- 
tenant of Ireland. — In 1768, Dr. Lucas, representative 
of the City, framed an Act, limiting the duration of 
parliament to eight years ; in gratitude for which, his 
statue was placed in the Exchange at the public expense. 
— In 1798, when Lord Comwallis was chief governor, re- 
bellion broke out in the counties of Wexford and Wick- 
low, which extended over the principal part of the king- 
dom before it was suppressed, and during which period 
many eminent persons were executed in Dublin, both at 
the front of Newgate and in the cross-ways. 

At this period lived the celebrated advocate, John Philpot 
Curran, afterwards Master of the Rolls, who is supposed 
to have saved the lives of hundreds, by the overwhelming 
influence of his eloquence. After a lapse of two years the 
rebellion completely subsided, but the city was thrown 
into great confusion and disorder, by the introduction of the 
Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland: — In the 
debates on this question, the celebrated Henry Grattan 
distinguished himself by the most transcendant display of 
oratorical genius that ever appeared in the Irish senate. 
The warmth of debate was carried beyond what ought to 
have been permitted in a parliamentary meeting, and not 



THE CITY OF DUBLIN. i) 

unfrequently the parties proceeded from the House of 
Commons to the field of bloodshed. 

At length, the 27th of March, A. D. 1800, the House 
of Lords and Commons waited on the Lord Lieutenant, 
at the Castle of Dublin, and presented the Articles 
of Union. — This measure has seriously changed the ap- 
pearance of Dublin ; with the removal of its parliament 
the nobility of Ireland withdrew to England, and left 
their palaces in Dublin either to fall to decay, or be 
converted into public offices, hotels, or charitable in- 
stitutions. The residence of the Duke of Leinster, the 
most splendid in Dublin, is become the Dublin Soci- 
ety's House. The Stamp-office is kept in the mansion 
of the Powerscourt family. That of the Marquis of 
Hastings is in ruins, and the Earl of Alborough's con- 
verted into a classical school. Most of the others are di- 
vided into two or three smaller and more convenient 
houses, for the present inhabitants of the metropolis. 

While the public mind was still inflamed at the Act of 
Union having passed, it was not likely to be calmed by 
the embarkation of the nobles for a foreign country ; some 
of them having disposed of their estates in Ireland, set 
sail with the intention of never re-visiting their native 
land. In this situation of affairs, Mr. Robert Emmet, a 
man to whom nature had given the means of arriving at 
the highest honours in the state, placed himself at the 
head of a body of insurgents, who rose on the 23rd of 
July 1803, in Thomas-street, so unexpectedly, that the 
first intimation of the insurrection received at the castle, 
was given by the Hon. Miss Wolfe, whose father, Lord 
Kilwardcn, had been dragged from his carriage, and mur- 
dered in the streets. This inhuman murder was amply 
revenged ; a body of troops from the royal barracks came 



10 ANCIENT HISTORY OF 

up, and interrupted the insurgents; a desperate battle en- 
>ued, in which Colonel Brown Was killed, and the insur- 
gents withdrew, after having merely succeeded in alarming 
the government.— Immediately after, Emmet and his ac- 
complices were arrested, tried, condemned and executed. 
Emmet pleaded his own defence, and though he did not 
convince the Jury of his innocence, he left an impression 
of the deepest affliction on their minds, that the life of so 
eloquent, so young, and highly-gifted an individual, should 
be incompatible with the well-being of the state. He was 
executed in Thomas-street, on the very spot where the 
battle had been fought, immediately opposite to St. 
Catherine's Church. — From that period, Dublin has en- 
joyed the most entire tranquillity; the consequences of 
the Union are now not so severely felt; the public mind is 
becoming daily reconciled ; so that, perhaps, the metro- 
polis of Dublin enjoys the blessings of peaceful quiet in a 
more eminent degree than any other European capital. 

Having given a brief sketch of the History of Dublin 
from the earliest dates, it remains now to describe the site, 
the extent, and population of Dublin some centuries back, 
IB order that the reader may perceive the rapid progress 
this city has made in arts, in commerce, in actual civiliza- 
tion, in comparatively a few years after it obtained the 
opportunity. 

The ancient city was walled in by the Danes hi the ninth 
century ; the walls which may still be traced, did not. 
exceed one mile in length. From the north tower of the 
castle they were continued over Cork Hill, near which 
was an entrance called Dame's-gate, looking towards 
Hoggin's, now College-green. Near Essex Bridge was 
another gate, called Essex-gate, erected in the place of 
Isod's Tower. The wall then extended N. N, W. along 



THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 11 

the river, to the end of Fishamble-street. Here stood 
Fyan's Castle, which was sometimes used as a state 
prison. 

It then proceeded along Wood Quay to the end of 
Wine-tavern-street, where was another tower, and con- 
tinuing still by the river, joined a castle, through which 
was one of the principal entrances into the city, opposite 
Bridge-street. The next traces are to be found on the 
west side of Bridge-street in New-row, thence it stretched 
up the hill to Cut-Purse-row, at the end of which stood 
Newgate, where criminals of the worst description were 
imprisoned ; some of the towers are still to be seen at the 
rear of the houses in Cut-Purse-row and Corn-market. 
From Corn-market it ran at the rear of Back-lane to 
Nicholas-gate, thence it passed between Ross-lane and 
Bride's-alley to Pool-gate, or as it was afterwards called 
Werburgh's-gate ; from thence it proceeded in a straight 
line until it united with the castle at Birmingham Tower, 
where a considerable part of the wall may yet be seen. — 
In the year 1669, an enumeration being made, the popu- 
lation of Dublin was found to amount to 8,159. Such was 
the city of Dublin not more than four or live centuries 
back ; let the reader compare it with the History of 
Dublin as it now is. 



Geographical Description. 

Dublin, the chief town of the county of the same 
name in the province of Leinster, is situated on the eastern 
coast of Ireland, in Lat. 53, 21, N. Lon. 6, 15, W. imme- 
diately opposite the coast of North Wales. It is not more 
than one mile from the bay of that name, which is a largo 
semi-circular basin about eight miles in diameter, into 



\2 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF 

which the river LhTey empties itself, after running through 
the city, which it divides into two equal parts, in a direc- 
tion from west to east. This large bay is rendered pecu- 
liarly dangerous by the breakers and shallows caused by 
two large sand banks, called the North and South Bulls. 

The perils of a midnight approach to the city are greatly 
diminished by the erection of a mole of 30 feet in breadth, 
and 8,560 yards in length, extending into the bay, on the 
extremity of which stands a light-house of a circular form, 
and particularly light and elegant construction. The diffi- 
culty of erecting a building of three stories in height, in such 
a situation was very great, and may fairly be compared to 
those attending the erection of the Eddistone or Tuscard 
Light-houses,as it is in never-ending conflict with winds and 
waves. — The north side of the harbour is sheltered by the hill 
of Howth, a peninsula of considerable extent ; on the most 
prominent point of which, called the Bailey, another light- 
house is erected, corresponding to the one in the centre of 
the bay, thus rendering the entrance of the harbour perfectly 
distinct at all seasons. — Under the north-west side of this 
mountain, an extensive pier has been built, and a spacious 
harbour enclosed, where now the Holyhead packets put 
in, which formerly sailed from and returned to the Pigeon- 
house; thereby shortening the voyage from Holyhead 
to Dublin many miles, and enabling the packets to sail at 
all hours. And within the last four years another pier has 
been commenced, and is rapidly completing, at the south 
side of the bay, to afford shelter for shipping when they 
cannot make the pier of Howth ; tins wall, which is to have 
several turns to avoid the accumulation of sand, is built 
of mountain-granite, drawn from the hills of Killiney, and 
is called the Dunleary-pier. 

The bay of Dublin has long been celebrated for its pic- 



THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 13 

turesque beauty. Howth, from its height and situation, has 
been considered not unlike Vesuvius in the bay of Naples, 
and the majestic amphi-theatre of mountains encompassing 
Dublin forms a most sublime and perfect back-ground 
to the scene. — The mouth of the river is guarded by a 
strong fortress on the south wall, called the Pigeon-house, 
where a corps of artillery is always in barrack. — From 
Ringsend point, where the LifTey discharges its waters 
into the bay, the stone quays of Dublin commence, and 
continue on both sides of the river for the space of three 
miles. Dublin has frequently been accused of paying too 
dearly for improvements, but certainly the advantages de- 
rived from the embanking of an unwholesome stream, by 
granite walls, of such extent and workmanship as are not 
exceeded by any city in Europe, were not dearly pur- 
chased at the expense of a trifling yearly tribute, which, 
though the walls are but now completed, is no longer 
exacted. — The river is crossed by six handsome stone 
bridges and one of cast-iron, thereby facilitating the inter- 
course between the opposite sides of the town. The city 
is nearly insulated by two canals, which communicate 
with the interior of the kingdom, terminate in extensive 
wet-docks, on the north and south sides of the city, and so 
communicate with the LifFey. — Those canals are naviga- 
ble for boats of 60 tons, and contribute materially to the 
cheapness of the Dublin markets, by a constant supply of 
fuel and provisions from the most remoteparts of Ireland. — 
The form of Dublin is nearly a right-angled parallelogram, 
whose longer side measures nearly three miles, and short- 
er, about two. —The city is encompassed by a road, called 
the Circular-road, extending 10 miles. — Dublin contains 
19 parishes, 2 cathedrals, 19 churches, and meeting- 
houses of almost every religious sect, with 27 Roman Ca- 



11 DUBLIN (AST I.E. 

tholie chapels. — No city, in proportion, abounds more in 
magnificent buildings or charitable institutions. — The po- 
pulation does not exceed 200,000. 



SBufilm Castle* 

The Castle of Dublin, the residence of the Viceroy, 
was built by Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, 
A. D. 1220 ; but was never used as a vice-regal residence 
until 1560, by order of Queen Elizabeth. — The principal 
entrance is from Cork-hill, through an high arched gate- 
way, over which is a statue of Justice looking towards 
the Castle, this is usually called the eastern gate. — The 
Castle is divided into two courts, generally called yards; 
the upper contains the apartments of the Lord Lieutenant 
and suite, the lower the Treasury, Chapel, Ordnance- 
office, &c. — The upper court is in the form of a quad- 
rangle, 280 feet by 130; the principal entrance, the eastern 
gate, is ornamented by a statue of Justice, and a corres- 
ponding gate, on the same side of the court, is surmounted 
by a statue of Fortitude, both the workmanship of Van- 
Nost ; the interval between the real and artificial gate, 
is occupied by a building of two stories, exhibiting 
Ionic columns, on rusticated arches, supporting a pedi- 
ment, aud from this rises a circular tower of the Corin- 
thian order, terminating in a cupola ball and vane, 
from which the Hag is hoisted on state days; this build- 
ing supplies accommodation for the Master of the Cere- 
monies, and the Aides-de-Camp to his Excellency ; the 
part towards the stivet is used as a guard-room. — The 
colonnade on the opposite side of the quadrangle is the 







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DUBLIN CASTLE. 15 

principal entrance to the Royal apartments ; at the ex- 
tremity of the colonnade is a handsome flight of steps 
leading to the Yeomen's Hall, and thence to the Pre- 
sence Chamber, where stands the throne, covered with 
crimson velvet, and richly ornamented with gilt carved- 
work ; from the ceiling of this apartment hangs a mag- 
nificent glass lustre, the gift of the Duke of Rutland, 
which was purchased at the celebrated glass manufactory 
in Waterford. 

The next object of attraction is St. Patrick's Hall, where 
balls and assemblies are held on St. Patrick's and other 
nights ; this is a truly princely apartment, 38 feet high, 
82 long, and 41 broad ; it was laid out in its present 
superb style at the institution of the Order of St. Patrick, 
A.D.I 783. There are three excellent paintings, inlaid 
in the ceiling, the centre is of a circular form, the others 
oblong; one of the rectangular paintings represents St. 
Patrick converting the Druids, — in the corresponding piece, 
Henry the Second, receiving submission from the petty 
Kings of Ireland, A. D. 1772, appears seated under a rich 
canopy; and the central painting is an allegorical ex- 
pression of the flourishing state of the country; there 
George the Third appears supported by Justice and 
Liberty; the entire, the design and execution of Waldre, 
an artist of considerable abilities ; there are other devices 
around the ceiling by the same hand, but of minor im- 
portance. At one end of the Hall is a gallery for musicians 
and the household ; and at the other, one for the public, 
who are admitted, not however without tickets. — At the 
rear of the Vice-regal apartments is a handsome plat of 
ground, laid out with gravel walks, and planted with 
ever-greens ; this is usually called the Castle-garden. As 
the apartments of his Excellency, and the garden an 



l'» DUBLIN CASTLE. 

at different sides of the public passage through the 
Lower-Castle-yard, the communication is kept up by a 
large stone arch, furnished with iron railing, where a centinel 
keeps constant watch, and adds considerably to the ge- 
neral effect. The front of the royal apartments presented 
to the garden, is a neat structure in the Ionic Order; but 
the effect of it is lost to passengers, from the circumstance 
of the carriage-way passing so immediately under it ; 
however, it may be seen to advantage from the garden. 

The lower Castle-yard is an extensive space of very 
irregular form; in it are to be found the Treasury, 
the Chapel, Ordnance-office and stores, riding-house, 
stables, and residences of inferior officers. — The Trea- 
sury, which is no longer required, is along brick building, 
with a terrace in front, accessible by a double flight of steps. 

The Chapel, 

Now the most remarkable object about the Castle, is a 
modern building in the most beautiful order of pointed 
architecture; the design of an eminent architect, Francis 
Johnson, Esq. who has so considerably beautified Dublin 
by the exertion of his talents for the last 20 years. The old 
Chapel was pulled down in the administration of the Duke 
of Bedford, in 1807, and the present erected on its site; it 
is 73 feet in length, and 35 broad ; divine service was per- 
formed here, for the first time, on Christmas-day, 1814; 
and the total expense of the building of the Chapel is calcu- 
lated at 42,000/.; it consists of a choir, without either nave 
or transept, finished in the most florid style of pointed 
architecture ; each side is supported by seven buttresses, 
terminating in pinnacles. — These spring from four gro- 
tesque heads in each buttress, ornamented at the angles, 




F3 



THE CHAPEL. 17 

with rich foliage, and terminate in a gothic final. The pin- 
nacles are connected by a monastic battlement, finished 
with a moulding. There are six pointed windows in each 
side, surmounted by labels, which spring from two heads. 
In the centre of the east end is a pointed door- way, sur- 
mounted by a rectangular label, supported at one end by 
a head of St. Patrick, and at the other by that of Brian 
Boromhe, an Irish King. Above this is a tablet with 
the following inscription : 

X. 

Hanc JEdem 

Deo optimo maximo olim dicatam 

vetustate penitus dirutam 

denuo extrui jussit 

Johannes Bedfordiae Dux Hiberniae Prorex. 

Ipse que fundamenta posuit anno a Christo nato, 
M.D.CCCVII. 

Over the door-way is the eastern window, surmounted 
by a label which springs from the heads of Hope and 
Charity, and terminating at its summit by a demi-figure 
of Faith holding a chalice. The gavel terminates in an 
antique cross, the arms of which are enclosed in a circle. 
At each angle of the east end are square towers, rising 
to the height of the roof, in which are enclosed the stairs 
to the gallery. The principal entrance is on the north 
side of the west end near the Record or Wardrobe Tower ; 
over tins door- way is a bust of St. Peter, holding a key ; 
and over a window immediately above the door is a bust 
of Dean Swift, and, higher up, a head of the Virgin Mary;* 
this entrance conducts into a small anti-hall of the most 
exquisite workmanship, and from thence into the body 

* Those heads arc carved in grey stone, taken from a quarry at Tullamore 
in the King's county, forty-six miles from Dublin. 



18 DUBLIN CASTLE. — THE CHAPEL. 

of the Chapel ; before you is the eastern window, orna- 
mented with stained glass, the gift of Lord Whitworth, 
when Lord Lieutenant; it represents Christ in the presence 
of Pilate ; the lower divisions are occupied by the four 
Evangelists ; those are the workmanship of private persons 
of rank in Dublin ; beside the window, in stucco, are sta- 
tues of Faith, Hope, and Charity, with busts of the four 
Evangelists executed by Edward Smyth. The ceiling is 
composed of groined arches springing from heads of mo- 
delled stucco, above the capitals of six beautiful clustered 
pillars which support the roof, and is highly ornamented. 
The front of the gallery is of carved oak ; on the front of 
the organ loft are carved the Royal Arms, and in the pannels 
on either side, those of the Duke of Bedford, who laid the 
foundation stone of the Chapel, and the Duke of Rich- 
mond, in whose administration it was completed; from 
thence, along the front of the gallery, are the arms of those 
noblemen who have been Vice-roys, with the dates of 
their reigns, to the earliest periods. The pannels of the 
pulpit are ornamented with the arms of different Arch- 
bishops and Bishops of Ireland ; among them are also 
those of Dean Kirwan, and the four great supporters of 
the Church of England, Henry, Edward, Elizabeth, and 
William : the carving was executed by Stewart of Dublin. 
At the western extremity of the Chapel stands the Record 
Tower, the oldest building in the Castle, lately repaired 
and improved during the building of the Chapel : — this 
tower is connected by a curtain wall, part of the original 
town-wall of Dublin, to Birmingham tower in the same 
yard, which is now converted into a supper-room and 
other apartments, for the use of his Excellency's house- 
hold. The other buildings attached to the castle are of 
too trifling a character to be minutely described here. 



DUBLIN' CASTLE. 19 

HZxttutibt &tfotvnmmU 

The Executive Government of Ireland, is committed 
to his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, in which he is 
assisted and advised by a Privy Council and the Chief 
Secretary. The Privy Council consists of the Chancellor 
and high Law Officers, together with the Archbishops and 
Bishops. The Council Chamber is in the upper Castle- 
yard, over the arch-way, by which the connection is 
kept up between the upper and lower yards, and their 
meetings are held at his Excellency's pleasure. In the 
absence of the Lord Lieutenant, the Privy Council is 
summoned, and the government entrusted to three 
Lords Justices : they are the Primate, the Lord Chan- 
cellor, and the Commander of the Forces. 

His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant holds a regular 
and formal Court at his castle in Dublin ; Levees are 
held frequently; public Balls are given at the Castle 
on the King's birth-night, and on St. Patrick's night; on 
which occasion, the ladies dress in Irish manufacture, 
and the assembly is held in St Patrick' s-hall. There are 
also frequent private parties during the season, to which 
all the nobility, and the majority of the gentry in the city 
are invited. His Excellency's State and Household is, in 
every respect, becoming a representative of Majesty. 
He is allowed a company of battle-axe men, under the 
command of a captain, who has the rank of colonel ; and 
two subalterns, who have the rank of captains. The 
battle-axe-guards do duty through the public apartments 
of the Court. Besides this guard, the Lord Lieutenant has 
a body-guard, consisting of a subaltern's guard of horse, 
with a captain ofinfantry, two subalterns, and sixty men. 
. 9 



20 EXECUTIVE GOVKRNMENT. 

This guard of honour is lodged In the Castle, and relieved 
every day by a detachment from the Royal Barracks. 
The form of relieving guard at the Castle, has always had 
attractions for the citizens of Dublin, who attend in great 
numbers every day, to witness this very interesting 
spectacle. 

In addition to the military establishment of the Irish 
Court, there are various officers of the household ; analo- 
gous to those of Carlton Palace, the principal are a 

Private Secretary. The Hon. and Rev. J. C. Talbot. 

Steward. Lieut.- Col. W. Chester Master, 3rd Guards. 

A Comptroller, Chamberlain, Gentleman Usher, As- 
sistant Gentleman Usher, Master of the Horse, and Gen- 
tlemen of the Chamber ; there are besides four Pages, 
eight Aides-de-Camp, and twenty-four Chaplains. 

Previous to the removal of the Parliament from Ire- 
land, the Irish Court was crowded by nobility, but they 
have long since withdrawn their persons and properties 
to our more favoured neighbour, Great Britain ; and, con- 
sequently, there are not many titles to be met at levee, if 
we exclude the dignitaries of the Church and high Law 
Officers, who are obliged to reside in Ireland. But, even 
in this altered and neglected condition, the Irish Court is 
of great benefit to the poor manufacturers of Dublin. 
The Medical Establishment of his Excellency's household, 
consists of the two state physicians, James Cleghorn, and 
A. Jackson, Esqrs.; one surgeon, Gerard Macklin, Esq.; 
and an apothecary, George Kieman, Esq. 

The office of Chief Secretary has always been con- 
sidered a place of great importance, and never bestowed 
but upon men of acknowledged talent; and indeed, lat- 
terly, it has been used as a school to educate statesmen, who 
were destined to move in a more exalted rank afterwards. 



THE UNIVERSITY, .21 

The extensive patronage of the Chief Secretary, has such 
a decided influence in providing the country with efficient 
officers in every department, that upon him rests, almost 
solely, the propriety or impropriety of the general admi- 
nistration of the affairs of the kingdom; it is needless to 
urge any farther demonstration of the importance usually 
attached to this arduous situation, than to enumerate a 
few of the distinguished persons who held the office of 
Secretary for some years back: the Marquis of London- 
derry, the Duke of Wellington, Mr. Wellesley Pole, Mr. 
Robert Peele, and the Right Hon. Charles Grant. 

The Chief Secretary has apartments in the upper Castle- 
yard, and holds a levee every Thursday; but, indeed, the 
present Secretary, the Right Hon. Charles Grant, is a 
man of such gentle and amiable manners, that any per- 
son may have an audience with him, at any time, by 
taking the trouble of sending up his name. Besides the 
apartments in the upper Castle-yard, there is also a mag- 
nificent residence in the Phoenix Park, appropriated to 
the use of the Chief Secretary. 



Though the cultivation of learning, in Ireland, has 
been of very early date, yet few traces of the literary ex- 
ertions of the ancient inhabitants remain, and none of their 
seminaries. In the thirteenth century there was a Col- 
lege in the Cathedral of St. Patrick's, by permission of 
Pope John XXII; this however fell to decay, and 
in 1591, Henry Usher (afterwards Archbishop of Ar- 



±2 THE UNIVERSITY 

magh,) obtained from Queen Elizabeth, a Royal Charter, 
and mortmain licenca for the land granted by the City, 
by which means the present University was founded ; it 
was called the " College of the Holy and Undivided Tri- 
nity, near Dublin, founded by the most serene Queen 
Elizabeth." The charter further appointed, that there 
should be a Provost, three Fellows, and three Scholars ; 
the first Provost was Adam Loftus, D. D. Archbishop of 
Dublin, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland; Henry Usher, 
Luke Chaloner, and Launcelot Moyne, were the three 
first Fellows; and Henry Lee, William Daniel, and 
Stephen White, the three first Scholars. After numerous 
subscriptions being collected throughout the country, 
and various donations contributed, the first stone of 
Trinity College was laid, by Thomas Smith, Mayor 
of Dublin, the 13th of March, 1591, and students were 
admitted the 9th of January, 1593. Those alone were 
eligible to the Provostship who had been Fellows ; but 
this was altered by a subsequent charter, accompanied 
by a new code of statutes, drawn up by Archbishop Laud, 
in 1637, which vested the right of appointment in the 
Crown ; and the integrity and regard for the interest of 
the University, manifested in the exercise of this privi- 
lege for a series of years, reflect credit on the illustrious 
Princes of the British Throne, and demonstrate the 
providence of the legislator; for although it is in the 
power of the Crown to elect a person totally ignorant of 
the regulations and discipline of the University, yet the 
five last Provosts have been chosen from amongst the 
Fellows themselves; and this line of conduct is likely to 
be persevered in. 

The next in rank is the Vice-Provost, who affixes the 
College seal in the absence of the Provost; his situation is 



OF DUBLIN. 23 

little more valuable than a senior Fellowship, and the 
senior Fellows succeed to it in order of seniority. From 
the increase of pupils, in the course of time the number 01 
senior Fellows has been increased to six, who, with the Pro- 
vost and Vice-Provost, constitute the Board, for the govern- 
ment of the University : from their decision, however, the 
injured student has a right of appeal to the Court of 
Visiters, which consists of but two members, the Chan- 
cellor of the University (or in his absence the Vice- 
Chancellor) and the Archbishop of Dublin, who have 
supreme authority in the decision of all complaints laid 
before them, and can alter or impose regulations at plea- 
sure. His Royal Highness Ernestus Augustus, Duke 
of Cumberland, LL.D. is Chancellor, and the Right 
Hon. W. Downes, Chief Justice of King's Bench, Vice- 
Chancellor. 

The advancement of learning, and the increased num- 
ber of pupils demanded an additional number of lecturers'; 
and the number of senior Fellows amounts, at this 
moment, to six, and the juniors to eighteen, to which 
shortly an addition will be made. Thirty years ago the 
number of students in the University was about 500, 
whereas at present there are 1,600 names on the books. 
The income of a senior Fellow exceeds 1,000/. per annum; 
but the emolument of a junior fellowship, independent of 
pupils, is very insignificant, probably about 100/. per an- 
num; however, the amazing number of pupils each fellow is 
permitted to accept of, amply compensates for the defi- 
ciency of a larger salary ; in some instances, the income 
derived from pupils has been known to amount to 1,500/. 
per annum, and in general it is estimated at about 800/. 



24 THE UNIVERSITY 

The following is a List of the Patrons, Fellows, Profes- 
sors and Lecturers in the University, A. D. 1821 : 

Chancellor. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumber- 
land, L L. D. 

Vice-Chancellor. Rt. Hon. W. Downes, LL.D. Chief 
Justice of the King's Bench. 

Visitors. The Chancellor (or in his absence the Vice- 
Chancellor) and the Lord Archbishop of Dublin. 

Provost. 
Rev. Samuel Kyle, D. D. 

Senior Fellows, 7. 
Rev. John Barrett, D. D. Vice-Provost and Librarian. 
Francis Hodgkinson, LL. D. senior Proctor. 
Robert Phipps, LL. D. senior Lecturer and Auditor. 
Rev. Thomas Prior, D. D. Register. 
Rev. William Davenport, D. D. 
Rev. Barth. Lloyd, D. D, senior Dean and Catechist, 
Rev. James Wilson, D. D. Bursar. 

Junior Fellows, 18. 
Rev. Henry Wray, D. D. Assistant Librarian. 
Rev. Francis Sadleir, D. D. Register of Chambers. 
Rev. Charles William Wall, D. D. 
Rev. Stephen Creagh Sandes, B. D. Censor. 
Rev. Richard McDonnell, LL. D. 
Rev. Charles Hare, A. M. 
Rev. Charles Richard Elrington, D. D. 
Rev. Joseph Henderson Singer, A. M. 
Rev. Henry Griffin, A. M. 
Rev. Thomas Gannon, A. M. junior Dean. 



OF DUBLIN. 25 

Rev. Richard Purdon, A.M. junior Proctor* 

Rev. Thomas R. Robinson, A. M. 

Rev. William Phelan, A. M. 

Rev. James Kennedy, A. M. 

Henry H. Harte, A. B. 

James Thomas O'Brien, A. B. 

\There are, at present, two vacancies. - ] 

King's Professors. 

Divinity, Rev. Richard Graves, D. D. 

Common Laic, Philip Crampton, LL. D. 

Civil Law, F. Hodgkinson, LL. D. 

Physic, Edward Hill, M. D. 

Greek, Dr. Prior. 

Assistants, Rev. Charles William Wall. 

Rev. S. C. Sandes- 

Rev. Dr. Ellington. 

Lecturers. 

Archbishop King's Lecturer in Divinity, Dr. Barrett. 
Assistants, Rev. Dr. F. Sadleir. 

Rev. Stephen Creagh Sandes. 

Rev. Dr. Elrington. 

Rev. Joseph Henderson Singer. 

Greek Rev. Joseph Henderson Singer. 

Assistants, Rev. Henry Griffin. 

Rev. Thomas Romney Robinson. 

Rev. William Phelan. 

Rev. James Kennedy. 

James Thomas O'Brien, A. B. 



26 THE UNIVERSITY 



King's Professors of Modern Languages. 

French and German, Charles Williomier, LL. D. 
Italian and Spanish, Alfonso Pellegrini, LL. D. 

Erasmus Smith's Professors. 

Mathematics, Dr. Lloyd. 

Senior Assistant and Donegal Lecturer, Dr. M'Donnell. 
Junior Assistant, Dr. Sadleir. 
Oriental Languages, Dr. Barrett. 
Assistants, Mr. Hare and Dr. Elrington. 
Oratory, Dr. M'Donnell. 
Assistant, Mr. Hare. 
History, Dr. Hodgkinson. 
Assistant, Dr, Wray. 
Natural Philosophy, Dr. Davenport. 
Mrs. Donnelan's Lecturer, Rev. Dr. Elrington. 
Andrews' Professor of Astronomy, Rev. John Brinkley, 
D. D. Observatory. 

Medical Professors. 

Anatomy and Surgery, James Macartney, M. D., F.R. S. 

& F. L. S., &c. 
Chemistry, Francis Barker, M. D. 
Botany, William Allman, M. D. 
Law Agents, Richard and Edward Waller, Esqrs. 
Bookseller, Richard Milliken. 
Printer, Daniel Graisberry, Printing-house in the Col- 



OF DUBLIN. 27 

In the reign of King James the First, a number of 
livings escheated to the Crown by the rebellion of O'Neil, 
the majority of which were bestowed upon the College 
of Dublin. 

The number of church livings, in the gift of the Univer- 
sity is nineteen, few of which are valued at less than 
1,000/. per annum, and the income of some exceeds 
2,000/. Upon the death of an incumbent, the vacant 
benefice is offered to every fellow according to seniority ; 
and whoever accepts it resigns his fellowship that day 
twelvemonths : if he be a senior, his place at the board is 
filled by the senior of the junior fellows, three days after 
the occurrence of the vacancy. — But if a junior, Ins place is 
filled by a graduate of the University, elected after a public 
examination of three days, and a fourth in private: — this 
trial of abilities and information is of so much difficulty, 
that the human intellect is incapable of sustaining greater 
exertion than is necessary to insure success ; and not un- 
frequently the mind has been totally overthrown and 
exhibited a melancholy ruin. 

The candidates are examined publicly in Logic and 
Metaphysics, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Morality, 
History, Chronology, Hebrew, Greek and Latin ; on the 
fourth they are employed in Latin and English compo- 
sition. The examination is held in the Theatre of the 
University on the four days immediately preceding Tri- 
nity Sunday, and the questions and answers are delivered 
in Latin. — It is necessary the candidates should have 
taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts ; the examiners are, 
the Provost, Vice-Provost, and the six senior fellows, 
who, in a ceremonious and solemn manner, select the 
candidate in the College Chapel, on Trinity Monday ;r- 



28 THE UNIVERSITY 

in the event of an equality of votes in favour of two 
candidates, the Provost has a casting voice ; and the unsuc- 
cessful candidate is rewarded by a sum of money, seldom 
less than 250/. bequeathed by a Mr. Madden to the 
University for that purpose. — Indeed the difficulty of this 
examination is so great, that it is considered an honorable 
distinction in the literary world to have made the attempt ; 
and though men of considerable merit after one unsuccessful 
attempt frequently resign the contest, they seldom fail to 
derive benefit from their labours, in whatever profession 
they afterwards embark. The fellows, with the excep- 
tion of three, are necessarily clergymen ; of those three, 
one is a physician, and two are lawyers. 

The third component part of this corporation is, the 
scholars, 70 in number; this situation is the reward of class- 
ical attainments solely ; a severe examination is given by 
the senior board to each class, when they have arrived at 
their junior sophister year, two years and a half from the 
time of entering college. The emoluments of a scholarship 
are, a dinner at the pensioners' table for five years, ten 
or twelve pounds per annum, and sometimes even more ; 
chambers at half the usual deposit and rent of other stu- 
dents, and if twenty-one years of age, a vote at the elec- 
tion of a representative to serve in parliament for the 
University. The examination is held in the Theatre for 
two days in the week before Whitsuntide, and the new 
scholars are declared on Trinity Monday. 

The whole body of the students is divided into 
three ranks, distinguished by the denominations of Fel- 
low Commoners, Pensioners, and Sizars; students of 
every denomination are obliged to undergo a classical 
examination previous to admission ; but this is rather for 
form than for any important purpose, as few are ever 



OF DUBLIN. 29 

rejected. The number of fellow-commoners and pen- 
sioners admitted into college is unlimited, and though they 
are obliged to become the pupils of some one fellow, they 
are permitted to make choice of any particular fellow they 
please, as a tutor. The fellow-commoners are distinguished 
from the pensioners by a more expensive and elegant 
academic dress ; their fees are always double, and they 
dine at the table with the fellows, which is not permitted 
to a pensioner. The sizars, who are limited to thirty or 
thirty-two in number, have their commons and instruc- 
tion gratis; and though their rank appears degrading, 
yet many have been known to raise themselves, by their 
diligence and good conduct, to scholarships and fellow- 
ships ; and some of the greatest ornaments to the judicial 
and ecclesiastical orders, have risen from the class of 
sizars in this University. The expense of tuition is re- 
markably moderate ; a pensioner's tuition amounts to but 
eight guineas per annum; a fellow-commoner pays 
double that sum ; and the college fees, which are com- 
mon to both, never amount to as much as the tuition. 

The length of time necessary to graduate as a Bachelor of 
Arts is, for a fellow-commoner three years and a half, for 
a pensioner or sizar four years. Instruction is commu- 
nicated by means of public and private lectures ; exami- 
nations are held quarterly, at which premiums are 
adjudged to the best answerers in science and classics, 
with great liberality on the part of the board, and impar- 
tiality on that of the junior fellows, who are the exami- 
ners ; and those who have not been sufficiently diligent 
in preparing for examinations, are disgraced by a fine, and 
a judgment which is read out publicly. And at the ter- 
mination of the collegiate studies of each class, previous 
to commencemeiitfl or graduating, tlio.se who have distin- 



30 THE UNIVERSITY, — 

giiished themselves at quarterly examinations, by obtain- 
ing premiums in either classics or science, are examined 
together in one division, for a gold medal. This ad- 
mirable plan for the encouragement of learning was 
introduced in the year 1819 by Dr. Elrington, then 
Provost of college, afterwards translated to the see of 
Limerick. There is an objection urged by strangers, 
to the system of education adopted in the Dublin 
University, arising from the circumstance of its not 
producing a greater number of authors ; but as this is 
not the proper place for refutation, we shall only say, 
that whatever students of this College have laid their 
writings before the world, have reflected credit on the 
British empire, and perhaps the mention of their names 
would be the best defence that could here be introduced. 
The following are the most distinguished amongst many : 
Swift, Congreve, Goldsmith, Usher, Berkeley, Molineaux, 
Edmund Burke, King, Bedell, Browne, Chandler, Hamil- 
ton, Young, Leland, Helsham, Delany, Lawson, Murray, 
Parnell, Flood, Grattan, and Curran ; with many distin- 
guished statesmen and lawyers. 

The buildings of the College, which are of considerable 
extent and beauty, consist of three spacious squares, 
called the Parliament-square, the Library-square, and 
Botany-bay. The grand front is presented to College- 
green; it is 300 feet in length, and of the Corinthian order; 
the centre is ornamented by a pediment resting on Corinthian 
columns, and the entire is terminated by pavilions de- 
corated with coupled pillasters of the same order, support- 
ing an attic story. The Parliament-square is entered by an 
octagon vestibide terminating at the summit in groined 
arches; it is 316 feet long by 212 in breadth, and is 
built entirely of hewn stone ; besides buildings for the 



THE CHAPEL — THE THEATRE. 31 

accommodation of the fellows and students, it contains 
the Chapel, the Theatre for examinations, and the 
Refectory. 

The Chapel. 

On the north side of the square stands the Chapel, the 
front of which is a handsome colonnade of four pillars, in 
the Corinthian order, supporting a pediment : the chancel 
is 80 feet in length, (exclusive of a semicircular terminat- 
ing recess 36 feet in diameter,) 40 feet in breadth, and 
44 in height; the seats are of oak, pannelled and highly- 
polished ; there is, besides, a small but elegantly arranged 
organ loft, the front of which is ornamented with carved 
oak- work ; in this gallery the provost and fellows reserve 
seats for their friends, and one bench is appropriated to 
the accommodation of those who have graduated in the 
University ; so that very few strangers are permitted to 
attend divine service; there is an excellent choir, the 
same which attends the cathedrals in Dublin, and divine 
service commences at half past nine, and concludes at 
half past eleven, in the forenoon of each Sunday. 

The Theatre. 

On the opposite — the south side, of the same square, 
stands the Theatre, or Examination Hall, with a front 
exactly corresponding to that of the Chapel, and of the 
same internal dimensions. This splendid hall is furnished 
with tables and forms, at which the students sit during 
the hours of examinations, and also at public lectures 
during term ; and the semicircular recess at the end, is 
fitted up in an appropriate manner for the purpose of 



3*2 THE UNIVERSITY. 

holding fellowship examinations, in such a manner, that 
both the candidates and spectators may be accommo- 
dated. On either side of the hall a rustic basement sup- 
ports a range of pillars of the composite order, from 
which rises a mosaicked ceiling, richly ornamented in 
stucco ; the intervals between the pilasters are occupied 
by the portraits of eminent 'persons ; Queen Elizabeth, 
the foundress, and seven others, who were either edu- 
cated in the University, or bequeathed legacies to its 
support ; Primate Usher, Archbishop King, Bishop 
Berkeley, W, Molyneaux, Esq., Dean Swift, Dr. 
Baldwin, and the Right Honourable John Foster, for- 
merly Speaker of the Irish House of Commons. On one 
side stands a splendid monument to the memory of 
Provost Baldwin, who died Anno Domini, 1758. A 
large Sarcophagus of black and gold marble supports a 
mattress of white marble, on which the provost is repre- 
sented in a reclining posture, larger than life, holding his 
will, by which he bequeathed 80,000/. to the University, 
in the left hand, on the elbow of which arm he supports 
himself, and his right hand is extended open ; a female 
figure in a mourning attitude, emblematic of the Uni- 
versity, leans over him, up to whose face, expressive of 
deep regret, he looks with a countenance of resigned 
complacency ; at his feet stands a figure of an angel, 
holding a wreath of palm in its left hand, casting on him 
a look of benignity, and pointing to Heaven ; immediately 
behind these figures rises a pyramid of variegated Egyp- 
tian porphyry ; the entire of which, executed in a most 
masterly style, is the workmanship of Mr. Hewetson, a 
native of Ireland, but residing in Rome, and cost the 
University 2,000/. 



THE REFECTORY. 33 



The Refectory. 



The Parliament and Library Squares are connected by 
a small quadrangle, at one extremity of which stands the 
Refectory, a formal and handsome structure ; the front is 
ornamented by a pediment supported by pilasters, at the 
base of which is a broad flagged way, the terminating 
landing of a flight of steps the entire breadth of the build- 
ing; through a spacious ante-hall, you pass into the 
diiung-hall, a room of 70 feet in length, 35 in breadth, 
and 35 in height ; the upper part of the walls and the 
ceiling are ornamented with stucco, and the base on both 
sides is oak wainscoting. In this hall, the portraits of 
the following illustrious characters have this year (1621) 
been hung up ; viz. Henry Flood, Lord Chief Justice 
Downes, Lord Avonmore, Hussey Burgh, Lord Kilwar- 
den, and Henry Grattan ; over the door is a nill length por- 
trait of the late king's Father ; at one side of which is a 
portrait of the Archbishop of Cashel (Cox), and, on the 
other, of Provost Baldwin. Over the ante-hall is a re- 
markably neat and elegant apartment, formerly used as 
the assembly room of the Historical Society, an institu- 
tion of great practical benefit to the majority of the 
students, though the legislature of the College have, in 
their wisdom, crushed it — perhaps for ever. 

On the south side of the quadrangle, immediately oppo- 
site the Refectory, stands an old wall, part of the build- 
ings erected at the first institution of the College, which 
it is intended to remove, and to supply its place by a 
triumphal arch of the Doric order, with three openings, 
supporting a square tower with four circular-headed 
windows, ornamented with Corinthian pillars and urns ; 
r> 



34 THE UNIVERSITY, — 

in which building the great bell will be suspended ; the 
entire to be finished by an octagonal obelisk ; the design 
of the celebrated Sir William Chambers.* 

The Library. 

Beyond the quadrangle is the Library-square,three sides 
of which are brick buildings, perfectly regular and uni- 
form, and, of course, fatiguing to the eye ; mostly devoted 
to the accommodation of the students. The library 
occupies the fourth side ; this square is 265 feet long 
by 214 broad. 

The Library is an extensive stone building, whose base- 
ment story is a piazza, the entire length of the square. 
Upon this, rest two stories surmounted by a rich Corinth- 
ian entablature, originally crowned with a balustrade. 
Of this building, as it was originally designed, and pre- 
vious to alterations, a correct painting may be seen in the 
Librarian's room. — In this apartment, a portrait of the 
Rev. John Barrett, D. D. the present Vice-Provost, has 
lately been suspended; it was painted at the expense of 
the Board, by G. F. Josephs, Esq. R. A. At present, the 
front has a mouldering appearance and an air of great 
antiquity ; but this is altogether to be attributed to the 
perishable nature of the stone of which it is built, — The 
building consists merely of a centre and two pavilions; 
in the western pavilion are the grand stair-case, the 
Lending library, and the Librarian's apartments. At 
the head of the stairs you enter the Library by large 
folding doors, the first view of which is striking and 
magnificent; the exterior library room is 210 feet long, 

* The Board have not yet finally determined on a site for a belfry, though 
many designs have been submitted to them. 



THE LIBRARY. 35 

41 broad, and 40 in height, and is acknowledged to 
be the finest room in Europe applied to such a purpose. 
Between the windows, on both sides, are lofty oak par- 
titions, at right angles to the walls, on both sides of which 
the books rest on closely-placed shelves, so that there are 
as many distinct stalls as there are windows ; these parti- 
tions are terminated by fluted Corinthian pillars of carved 
oak, connected at the top by a broad cornice, surmounted 
by a balustrade also of carved oak, forming the front of a 
gallery which is continued round the entire room.— Here 
are pedestals on which rest the busts of ancient and modern 
philosophers, historians and poets, of white marble : there 
are many pedestals still unoccupied, the inheritance of 
future ages. — The number of volumes contained in a 
library of such magnitude, must of course, be so great, 
(about 80,000) that every work, of deserving character, 
may be found in it. 

At the remote extremity from the entrance is a second 
room, 52 feet in length, called the Fagel library, fitted up 
in a uniform manner with the great or exterior library, 
containing about 20,000 volumes. This vast collection was 
the property of Mr. Fagel, a Dutchman, who removed it to 
London in 1794, upon the invasion of his native country 
by the French, and was purchased from him by the Uni- 
versity of Dublin for the very moderate sum of 8,000/. 

Manuscript Room. 

Over the Fagel library in the eastern pavilion, is the 
.Manuscript room, in which are many valuable manu- 
scripts, particularly those relating to Irish history. — 
There are besides, Persian, Arabic and Greek ; in the 
Greek character, the most conspicuous are tlicMontlortian 
d2 



36 THE UNIVERSITY, — 

and a copy of the four Gospels, with a continued com- 
mentary, w rktflu in the 9th century. — There is a very 
curious map of China on an extensive scale, drawn by a 
native in the Chinese character. 

Besides those which are mentioned in every pamphlet 
hitherto published, upon the University of Dublin, there 
are the following valuable manuscripts in this room : 

Ecclesiastical MSS. — The Repertorium Viride, of Arch- 
bishop Alan. — Primate Usher's Visitation-book. — An ac- 
count of Receipts and Disbursements; also, Chapter Acts 
of Christ Church Cathedral, by Sir Peter Lewis. — Original 
Registry of the Diocese of Dublin, in the time of Arch- 
bishop Tregury. — The Liber Niger of John Allen (most 
probably a copy), to which Ware frequently refers; — with 
numerous others relating to Christ Church, Dublin. — A 
Chapter Book of St, Patrick's Cathedral. — Collections 
concerning Irish Affairs, by Daniel Molyneux, Ulster 
King at Arms. — With many Monastic Records, 

Relating to the Civil Affairs of Ireland. — The History 
of the County of Clare; and four books of Irish History, 
formerly the property of George Carew, and afterwards 
presented to the Bodleian Library by Archbishop Laud.—- 
Various tracts on Irish Affairs, collected by Archbishop 
Usher. — Annals from the Monastery of Dunbrothy.— 
Flatisbury's Chronicle.— Annals relative to Inisfallen. — 
List of the English Families that came into Ireland at 
the Conquest. — Letters of Oliver Cromwell, concerning 
the Public Affairs of Ireland.— Four original Letters of 
King James II, and one of Marshal Berwick. — Also, 
an original Letter of King Charles I, in favour of Joseph 
Avery,— Letters patent, appointing Sir P. Butler Earl of 
Ossory, dated 23rd of Henry VIII. — Letters and Dis- 
patches of Joseph Avery, Ambassador of Charles I, to 



THE LIlillARY. 37 

the King of Denmark. — An original English Chronicle, 
which belonged to John Catesby in the reign of Edward 
IV.— An account of the Coronation, Death, and Burial, 
of Anne Bullen. With a great number of manuscripts re- 
lating to English Affairs. 

The Manuscript room is not opened to the public, and 
admittance can only be given in the presence of the li- 
brarian : this regulation is directed by the statutes for the 
better preservation of the MSS. — Many of those MSS. 
were presented to the College by Dr. Sterne, Bishop of 
Clogher, and Mr. John Madden; and there is a tolerably 
good catalogue, which was drawn up by Dr. Lyon about 
the year 1745, to which numerous additions have been 
made by the present learned librarian, Dr. Barret. 

None are admitted to read in the Library who have not 
at least obtained the degree of Bachelor ; and even then 
not without taking the library-oath. A person so quali- 
fied is at liberty to introduce visiters, but cannot allow 
them to touch the books, which, however, a Master of 
Arts is at liberty to do. The Library is open every day, 
Sundays and holidays excepted, from eight to ten, and 
from eleven to two : there is a Reading-room in the west- 
ern Pavilion, which is always open during winter, and 
supplied with fires. 

On the south side of the Library is the Fellows garden, 
a large park laid out in gravel-walks, where the students 
are not admitted, the fellows and masters only reserving 
keys to admit themselves; however, fellowship-candi- 
dates are always permitted to walk here. 

College Park, 
To the east of the Library and Library-square, is 
the College park, a space of about 20 acres, planted and 



38 I HE UNIVERSITY — 

laid out with great taste; here are two ball-courts and a 
bowling-green for the amusement of the stndents. — As 
you enter the park from the Library-square, on the right 
stands an old tasteless building containing a chemical 
laboratory, where public lectures are delivered by the 
professor, and also the Anatomical Lecture-rooms ; in one 
of the apartments appropriated to anatomical purposes, 
there are several extraordinary preparations and skeletons ; 
among the latter is a complete skeleton of a whale, 
with those of M'Grath the Irish giant, and Clarke the 
ossified man. 

M'Grath, the Irish Giant — This unhappy lusus na- 
ture?, is supposed to have been a protege of Bishop Berke- 
ley's, when a boy; and, exhibiting an enormous stature 
for his years, the inquiring mind of the Bishop induced 
him to try if art could in any way advance the operations 
of nature, and so used various methods to increase the ra- 
pidity of his growth. Whether his attaining the enor- 
mous height of nine feet is chargeable on Nature or the 
curious Divine, would, perhaps, be very easy to deter- 
mine, as it is highly improbable that any artificial aid could 
have increased his stature so far beyond the bounds of 
nature. — After arriving at the age of twenty, being quite 
in a state of imbecility, he died in extreme agony. 

Clarke, the Ossified Man, was a native of the county 
of Cork, in the south of Ireland, and remarkable, in his 
early life, for bodily strength and activity; but, having 
lain an entire night in an open field, he was so afFected 
immediately after, that every joint became a continued 
bony substance; his teeth next completely united, so that 
a small aperture was bored in them, to pour down suste- 
nance : he was totally incapable of changing his position 
without assistance, but still preserved his sight and hoar- 



PRINTING HOUSE, &C. 39 

ing ; and, in this miserable condition, he dragged on ex- 
istence for ten years, and died the most melancholy 
spectacle the human imagination can picture to itself. 

Near tins last, are the skeletons of a father and son ; 
the father was executed for having murdered his son by 
a blow of a hammer in the os frontis; and, in the cranium 
of the boy, the circular aperture may be seen where the 
deadly instrument penetrated. 

In the attic story of this building, are to be seen the cele- 
brated wax models of the human figure, executed in Paris 
by M. Douane, and presented to the University by the 
Right Honourable the Earl of Shelbourne,* 

Printing House. 

Immediately opposite the Anatomy-house, on the north 
side of the park, is the Printing-office, the front of which 
is a handsome portico of the Doric order, with a regular 
entablature and pediment, which is greatly admired for 
its architectural chasteness and the beauty of its propor- 
tions; underneath the portico and immediately over the 
door is the following inscription : 

R. R. Joannes Sterne, 

K|ii>co|)iis Clogherensi*:, 

V ice-Cancel larius liujus Acadeinia*, 

Pro ln'iii'volciilia ((ii.iin liabuit 
In Academianl et rein literariam 

J'llMlit, A.I). 173-1. 

Provost's House. 

On the south side of the College stands the Provost's 
house, a handsome edifice of cut stone with wings, and 

• ThflM have lately been removal to a temporary building in the gar- 
'lui, at the rear of the Anatomy-house. 



40 THE UNIVERSITY. 

a court-yard in front, screened from Grafton-street by a 
high wall, with a large heavy-looking gate-way in the 
centre ; and at the rear is a spacious lawn and shrubbery, 
communicating with the Fellows garden, and separated 
from it merely by a plantation of ever-greens. The in- 
terior of the house is peculiarly elegant ; the hall, stair- 
case, and grand drawing-room, are particularly splendid. 
The elevation of this building is after a design of Lord 
Burlington's. 

To the north of the Library-square, is a third square, 
commonly called Botany-bay ; it is an area of somewhat 
greater dimensions than either of the others, and 
three of its sides are allotted to the accommodation of 
pupils ; in these the chambers are considered to be the 
most convenient for residence ; and this plan, which is so 
much approved of, was drawn by Provost Murray. — 
Near the centre stands a temporary building, in which 
is suspended the great bell, the largest and best toned 
in the kingdom, from which situation it will shortly be 
removed to a situation whence it will be heard to greater 
advantage. — The exterior of the north side of Botany- 
bay square, presents a front of hewn stone to New 
Brunswick-street, and is visible from Carlisle bridge ; 
it is 270 feet in length ; the basement story is rusticated, 
the windows of the three upper stories are ornamented 
with architraves, and the effect produced is rather that 
of neatness than grandeur ; it is protected from the street 
by a semi-circular sweep, enclosed by iron railing, rest- 
ing on a dwarf wall of a foot and a half in height. — The 
design is by Mr. Ward. 



MUSEUM— OBSERVATORY. 41 



The Museum. 

Over the vestibule, within the grand gate, is the 
Museum, an exceedingly beautifid room, 60 feet long and 
40 broad. — The most remarkable collection to be found 
here, is one of minerals, to which daily additions are 
making, and would be considered valuable, were it not 
that the collection of the Dublin society, with which we 
very naturally compare it, so much excels not only the 
collection in this Museum, but every other in Europe- 
There is a very curious collection brought from the 
South-Sea Islands, and presented to the University by 
Dr. Patten. 

In the centre of the room stands a stuffed camel- 
leopard ; at one comer is a model of the Giant's-causeway, 
remarkable for the accuracy of its execution ; and, beside 
it, lie some of the basaltic joints, of which the causeway is 
composed. — The only remaining curiosities of any im- 
portance to be met with here, are in the case of Irish anti- 
quities, amongst which is an ancient Irish harp ; Bingley, 
in his Tour through North Wales, states this precise harp 
to be Welch, but the arms of the O'Brien family, which 
are carved upon it, amply refute this assertion. 

Astronomical Observatory, 

On the summit of Dunsink Hill, about four miles north- 
west of Dublin Castle, stands the Observatory, founded at 
the instance of Dr. HcnryUsher, late professor of Astronomy 
in the University. In the year 1774, Provost Andrews 
bequeathed 3,000/. and 250/. per annum, for building 
an Observatory and supplying instruments : by means of 



42 THE UNIVERSITY. 

this donation, a handsome house was erected, presenting 
in front a facade of two wings, and a projecting centre, 
crowned by a dome. — Besides excellent apartments for the 
residence of a professor, there are two rooms particularly 
appropriated to astronomical purposes — the Equatorial 
and Meridian rooms. The Equatorial room is beneath the 
dome, and is the most elevated part of the building ; the 
dome, which is intersected by an aperture of two feet six 
inches in breadth, is moveable by means of a lever and 
projecting cogs, so that the aperture may be directed to 
any point of the horizon : and the equatorial instrument 
rests on a pillar of masonry which rises from the founda- 
tion of the house. — The Meridian room, which stands in 
the west side of the building, contains the Transit in- 
strument, and the celebrated Astronomical Circle, which 
is universally acknowledged to be Ramsden's best per- 
formance ; this instrument is minutely described in Dr. 
Brinkley's work on Astronomy ; and the valuable disco- 
veries, relative to parallax and refraction, which the pro- 
fessor has made with this celebrated piece of mechanism, 
are recorded in the Twelfth Volume of the Transactions 
of the Royal Irish Academy. 

Botanic Garden. 

To the south of the Castle of Dublin, about two miles, 
a space of about four acres has been enclosed for a 
Botanic Garden ; and though but of late formation, it is 
exceedingly well supplied with both exotic and indigenous 
plants in perfect health : but like the Museum of the 
University, its merits are altogether eclipsed by the mag- 
nificent gardens of the Dublin society at Glasnevin. 

Such is the University of Dublin, which was established 
not more than two centuries since, with little prospect of 






■ 

0*1 JlKXJfi I 



. 






.• arA ii 8iir9fnifeiItJiiJa9 




BANK OF IRELAND. 43 

success, and less of the great magnitude of its edifices, 
and the overgrown classes that now crowd its lecture- 
rooms ; like other literary establishments it has defects, 
but it is conscious, and labours to remove them. The 
writer of this little collegiate history has spent many, and 
perhaps the happiest of his years within its walls, and 
concludes in the fulness of affectionate warmth, with this 
prayer, " Alma mater, esto perpetua !" 



23anfe of Eretanlf* 

This noble structure, formerly the Parliament House 
of Ireland, is probably not exceeded in magnificence of 
exterior, by any building in Europe ; after the Act of 
Union, the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ire- 
land gave 10,000/. and a rent of 240/. per annum, for this 
building, the old Bank in Mary's Abbey being found to- 
tally inadequate. This stately and magnificent structure 
fronts College Green, and is nearly at right angles to the 
west front of the College, and by its contiguity to the 
latter, enriches the scene so much, that few cities can 
rival the coup d'a?il of this magnificent scene. The foun- 
dation of the Parliament House was laid in 1729, by Lord 
Carteret, Viceroy of Ireland, under the inspection of Sir 
Edward Lovet Pearce, Engineer, but completed by A. 
Dobbs, Esq. his successor, A. D. 1739, at an expense of 
about 40,000/. — This building not being sufficiently ex- 
tensive to accommodate Lords and Commons, in 1785, 
an eastern front, leading to the House of Lords, was 
designed and executed, by James Gandon, at an expense 
of 25,000/. — In 1787, a western front and entrance were 
added, the design of Mr. Parke, Architect, which cost 



44 n K OF IRLL AND. 

about 30,0(>0/. The centre of this edifice, is a grand 
colonnade of the Ionic order, occupying three sides of a 
rectangular court-yard, in front; the columns are of stu- 
pendous height, supporting an entablature, and resting on 
a floor, accessible by a flight of steps, continued entirely 
round the court-yard, and to the extremities of the colon- 
nade, where are the entrances, under two lofty arch- 
ways; the four central columns support a pediment, 
whose tympanum is ornamented by the royal arms; and, 
on its apex stands a well executed figure of Hibernia, 
having Fidelity on her right, and Commerce on her left 
hand. This magnificent centre is connected with the 
eastern and western fronts, which contend with it in 
beauty, by circular screen walls, the height of the build- 
ing, enriched with dressed niches, and a rusticated base- 
ment: the eastern front, which is towards College-street, 
is a noble portico of six Corinthian columns, three feet 
six inches in diameter, crowned by a pediment with a 
plain tympanum ; on its apex stands a statue of Fortitude, 
with Justice on her right, and Liberty on her left hand : 
the entablature of the central portico being continued 
round to the eastern front, exhibits an architectural im- 
propriety, the columns of one being of the Ionic, while 
the others are of the Corinthian order ; but this is not 
very obvious, from the great extent of the building, end 
from the shape, which does not admit of both porticos 
being seen together. The western front, to Fester-place, 
is a beautiful portico of four Ionic columns, surmounted 
by a pediment, and connected with the centre, by a 
circular screen wall, corresponding to that which con- 
nects the eastern wing to the centre. — A military gu 
room has been erected adjacent to the western front, the 
entrance, through a magnificent arch-way, ornamented 



. 



BANK OP IBEI.AND. 45 

with Ionic columns, and crowned by military trophies, 
forming the extremity of Foster-place ; the design and 
execution of J. Kirk. Within this stately and extensive 
pile of building, the most ample and splendid apartments 
are provided. 

Beneath the grand Portico, are two entrances leading 
to the Cash-office. — There was formerly a grand entrance 
in the centre, leading to the Court of Requests, where 
now the Cash-office stands; this splendid apartment, 
which is 70 feet in length, by 50 hi breadth, was designed 
and executed under the direction of Francis Johnstone, 
Esq. The walls are formed of Bath stone, panelled, 
decorated with fluted Ionic columns, resting on pedes- 
tals, and supporting an entablature; beneath the en- 
tablature, all round, are 24 windows, some of which are 
made of looking-glass to preserve the uniformity. From 
the ceiling, which is also beautifully ornamented, rises a 
lantern 50 feet in length, and 30 in breadth. — The desks 
of the officers are at a distance of 5 feet from the wall, 
so as to afford a convenient passage behind ; and though 
the wood work, which is carved mahogany, rises to a 
sufficient height to protect the notes, &c. laid on each 
desk, yet so much has the beauty of this apartment been 
studied by the architect, that no part of the elegant pil- 
lars is concealed, as their bases are the height of the 
enclosures around the desks. In the centre of the floor, 
which is chequered flagging, two tables are placed for 
public use, as well as counters all rouud the room, in 
front of the clerks' desks. — The entrances are in each 
end, which also communicate with handsome corridores, 
conducting to the different offices of the Bank. 

These corridores formerly encompassed the House of 
Commons, which was an octagonal room, covered with 



40 BANK OF IRELAND. 

a dome, supported by Ionic columns, which rose from 
an amphitheatrical gallery, fronted with an iron balustrade 
of scroll-work ; in this gallery, strangers were permitted 
to remain during the debates. This room was always 
considered an extremely beautiful apartment, but it had 
latterly been considerably ornamented and improved by 
the direction of the Right Hon. John Foster, Speaker of 
the House of Commons in Ireland. There were two of 
the inferior apartments, particularly elegant, one for the 
hearing of controverted elections, and the Record-room. 
The House of Lords, which remains unaltered, is an 
oblong room, with a semicircular recess at one end, 
where the throne stood ; the throne has been removed, 
and the recess very appropriately filled by a statue of 
his late Majesty, George the Third, in white marble, 
dressed in parliamentary robes, and decorated with the 
insignia of the orders of Bath and St, Patrick, executed 
by J. Bacon, jun. which was placed here at the expense of 
the governor and company of the Bank of Ireland. 
Here may be seen two specimens of tapestry brought 
from Holland, extremely well executed, which were 
permitted to remain at the request of Mr. Francis John- 
stone ; one represents the battle of the Boyne, fought be- 
tween William and James, A.D. 1690. The other repre- 
sents the famous siege of Derry. On the margin of the 
latter piece may be seen a representation of the Dartmouth 
breaking the boom across the river Foyle, near Derry ; 
on the bank of the river, near this spot, is the seat of the 
Dean of Derry, called, from being the scene of tins 
exploit, " Boom Hall." — There is also in this room an 
excellent bust of his Grace the Duke of Wellington, 
executed by Tumerelli, a London artist, who resided in 
Dublin for some time ; and in another niche, one of his 



DANK OF IRELAND. 47 

late Majesty. This room is now called the Court of 
Proprietors. 

In the western side of the Bank, is the Library-room, 
now used to preserve the paid notes until the period 
arrives for destroying them. In a small apartment may 
be seen a well-executed model of the Bank of Ireland, 
the performance of Mr. Doolittle ; it stands on a plat- 
form of about 4 feet in height, and is an accurate resem- 
blance of the Bank, except that in the model, the Ionic 
order has been preserved throughout. Nothing can be 
more curious and ingenious than the roof of the Cash- 
office, which is most accurately represented in this mo- 
del, and admits of being taken off. Next the model-room 
is an armoury, well supplied and arranged. 

The repeated fires that have broken out in this building 
from the day of its foundation, appear to have stimulated 
the exertions of the Directors in providing apparatus to 
protect them from any serious loss in that way for the fu- 
ture. On the 27th of February, A. D. 1 792, between 5 and 
6 o'clock in the evening, while the Commons were sitting, 
a dreadful fire broke out, and totally consumed the House 
of Commons; but it was shortly after fitted up, precisely 
in the same manner ; and, in 1804, a fire broke out be- 
neath the portico at the front, and injured the columns 
><> seriously, that large pieces were obliged to be inserted 
in many of them ; this was supposed to have been done 
intentionally: against such accidents, the Bank is now 
amply provided. There are two large tanks of water, 
one at each side of the building; adjacent to each, engines 
ot immense power are placed, supplied with great quaii- 
titiesof tube; and lately Mr. Oldham has rendered the 
forcing pumps applicable to the purpose of inundating 
the entire Bank if required. 



48 BANK OF IRELAND. 

This extensive pile is nearly of a semicircular form, and 
stands on an acre and a half of ground. The grand front 
is 147 feet in breadth ; and, for elegance of design, is un- 
rivalled ; but, along with the many extraordinary events 
connected with the history of this stupendous and mag- 
nificent building, it is not ascertained with certainty, 
who was the architect who made the design originally. 
Harris says, this building was executed under the in- 
spection of Sir Edward Lovel Pearce, but omits any 
mention of Cassels, who is generally supposed to have 
been the person who gave the design, and who was also 
the architect of Leinster House, in Kildare street. 

There are numerous offices connected with the Bank, 
which being altogether connected with the man of busi- 
ness and not at all with the visiter, may be omitted 
in this little history; but there is one important im- 
provement in the Bank of Ireland, which it would be 
culpable to pass over without serious notice — it is the 
printing establishment. 

The Printing House. 

This building stands at the rear of the Bank, on the 
diameter of the semicircle; it has been fitted up according 
to the advice, and under the superintendance of, Mr. 
Oldham. About four years since, the number of forgeries 
which appeared upon the national Bank, and the conse- 
quent results to the fair trader and the unhappy forger, 
induced the Directors to seek for some remedy in the 
formation of a proper circulating medium. — That the 
bank-note is the best and most convenient medium, very 
late proof has been given. 

To remedy the obvious defects of their notes, the direc- 
tors commenced by employing Mr. Oldham, at a moderate 



BANK OF IRELAND. 49 

salary, to provide them with a plan of numbering, analo- 
gous to the stereotype dating and numbering of the Bank 
of England notes, which he accordingly did ; and with tins 
difference from the mode in which the Bank of England 
note is numbered, that, while their machinery only exe- 
cutes units, without additional adjustments, and thereby 
requires confidential assistants, Mr. Oldham's appara- 
tus continues the series to 100,000, independently of the 
control of the operator. 

This was the first introduction of this ingenious gentle- 
man to the directors, who quickly perceiving, that the 
great interests of Ireland could be advanced by his means, 
entered upon a new engagement with him, and entrusted 
him with a commission, to furnish them with a design of 
a note, which should not merely defy imitation, but by 
which the most ignorant, as well as the most sagacious, 
would be free from the possibility of being imposed on by 
counterfeits. When we consider the number of years 
notes have been in circulation, the engravers employed 
to execute them, and the extreme zeal shown by the 
directors of England to accomplish those ends, we would 
be induced to conclude, the request of the governors would 
never have been complied with; but all those objects 
have actually been accomplished by Mr.OIdham; and the 
Printing-house of the Bank of Ireland is, perhaps, analo- 
gous to only one system of mechanism in the British 
empire, viz. the Block-house, at Portsmouth. Of Mr. 
Oldham's discoveries, various illustrious persons who per- 
sonally witnessed their advantages, expressed themselves 
highly gratified ; among them were the Grand Duke 
Michael, the Comptroller of his Majesty's Mint, and 
Air. Vnnsittarl, Chamellor of the Exchequer. 

The machinery used in producing a bank note. 



50 BANK OF IRELAND. 

of 1st, an apparatus for cutting; 2nd, a most valuable 
invention for wetting paper; and, 3rdly, machinery which 
combines the advantages of seven different branches of 
the same art, viz. historical engraving, in the vignette ; 
Machine engraving, in the border; engine turning, in the 
ornamental edges; letter cutting, in the white letters 
on a black ground in the motto; wood engraving, in some 
parts of the vignette and border; writing engraving, in 
the "promise to pay;'' and, lastly, the stereotype num- 
bering. 

The thinness of the paper used for Bank of Ireland 
notes, rendered the wetting of it for printing, a task of 
great trouble, extreme nicety, and enormous expense; 
inasmuch as carts of paper were thrown out of the print- 
ing office each week, destroyed in the attempt to moisten 
it sufficiently. To remedy this inconvenience, it was 
suggested, to introduce thicker paper ; which alteration 
enabled some misguided persons to erase the number one 
on the note, and substitute a higher number ; thereby 
increasing the value of the original note ; and, for this, 
two unhappy criminals were executed at Monaghan tins 
year, 1821; being the only execution for forgery since 
Mr. Oldham has been employed by the directors. The 
principle of humanity alone, induced this ingenious in- 
dividual to use all his energies in the discovering some 
mode of wetting paper, which would not be subject to 
so much actual destruction of property, and which would 
still admit the use of paper of the former delicate tex- 
ture : this once accomplished, it shall appear, that the 
counterfeiting of an issue of the Bank of Ireland, would 
be nearly impossible. 

The apparatus for wetting paper consists of a large 
iron box, communicating with a reservoir of water 



BANK OF IRELAND. 51 

underneath, by means of a perpendicular pipe, which 
communication can be intercepted at pleasure by 
a stop cock. The paper, after being evenly piled in 
reams laid over each other, is placed In cages, which 
cages again are laid in the iron box. On the upper surface 
of the box, an air pump is placed ; and the pump being 
worked until the iron box is tolerably exhausted, the 
water is then admitted into the box, by means of the stop 
cock, and immediately infuses itself into the paper, so 
minutely and so equally, that every sheet may be lifted 
up without any danger of its not being thoroughly wet- 
ted, or of its tearing, as it is forced into the paper by the 
air which is admitted by the removal of a collar of lea- 
thers, placed on the upper surface of the chest: there is 
a barometer gauge and a float attached to the chest. 
This is the last valuable discovery of Mr. Oldham's; 
which, when we reflect upon the motives that led him 
to make this discovery, does credit to his character as a 
man of feeling, and a man of talent. 

The Expressing Rollers. — This machine, which is for 
the purpose of preparing the paper for impressions, con- 
sists of a system of rollers, brought into contact by means 
of an enormous weight, and opened by wedges to admit 
the paper, from which the moisture is to be expressed; 
when the paper is introduced between the rollers, a 
system of levers is brought to act in such a manner, that 
a weight proportionate to the thickness of the paper, that 
is, to the interval between the rollers, shall always bc^ 
brought into action to close them again. 

The advantages derived from this gentleman's former 
inventions, are too obvious to require proof; and though 
the machinery cannot be minutely described, yet a good 
outline may be laid before the reader. 
E 2 



52 CANK OF IRK I 1M). 



The Levigating Machine. 

The next invention, in ordine, is the levigating ma- 
chine; by means of this, labour is saved, the ink produced 
is better for use, and preserves the colour, which is ex- 
pressed in grinding it with the muller and flag. —The 
muller is now only used to break down the colouring 
matter. 

The levigating machine consists of a cylinder on an 
axis, placed horizontally; the cylinder, in turning on its 
axis, is brought into close contact with the bottom of a 
circular brazen pan, in which the colour to be ground is 
placed ; beneath the plane of the pan, is an horizontal 
axle, exhibiting the appearance of a screw in two places 
at an interval from each other, which gives a rotatory 
motion to the pan, and by means of a crank in the form 
of an eccentric circle, gives a longitudinal motion to 
the axis of the cylinder ; thus bringing every part of the 
cylindrical surface successively and equally into contact 
with the horizontal surface of the pan, which preserves 
the surface of both in the best possible state for grinding 
the matter to an impalpable powder. In this beautiful 
little piece of mechanism, so simple in appearance, there 
are three distinct motions ; the rotatory motion of the 
pan, the motion of the cylinder on its axis, and the longi- 
tudinal motion of the axis itself. 

The Engraving Engine. 

This machine is capable of engraving an indefinite 
number of notes ; possessing absolute identity, not only 
between each other, but also between different parts of 



BANK OF IRELAND. 53 

the same note; and it is capable of re-producing the same 
precise characters for ever. This machine engraves the 
border, the vignette, &c. 

This engine, the public are not permitted to see; there- 
fore, no description of its construction can be given. It 
will, perhaps, here be objected, that this secrecy requires 
the aid of confidential agents; and that therefore it is not 
more valuable than any former scheme; but that is com- 
pletely fallacious: for, in place of being obliged to repose 
trust in a crowd of clerks, who alone were capable of 
distinguishing the genuine from the forged note, the pub- 
lic are now able to detect the forgery themselves, and 
the number of confidential persons is reduced to one ; so 
that those who object to the extent of confidence placed 
in secret agents, must here be satisfied, since the chances 
are reduced from hundreds to the next figure to cypher. 
Since, then, it is obvious, that the chances of being 
betrayed are moral impossibilities, it is manifest, that 
this secrecy is preferable to the security derived from a 
patent, because a patent does not conceal the mode of 
executing, but only prohibits the invention from being 
used without permission; and persons who forge, would, 
of course, not seek permission, but make use of the in- 
vention of the patentee, which would reduce the Bank to 
the same situation and circumstances, as when their notes 
were capable of imitation 



The Printing Presses. 

There are four printing presses, driven by the force 
of steam: those presses arc on an exceedingly improved 
construction ; a shifting roller passes over the heed of the 

I uv. -smaii, and, at every pull, shifts itself, and present- 



54 BANK OF IRELAND. 

a dry surlace. Five hundred notes are struck off every 
day at each press, all of which are proof impressions. — 
To one of the supporters of every press, a small box is 
attached, with glazed apertures in the top, in which 
figures present themselves successively, at each pull of 
the press, indicating the number of impressions taken 
up to that time of the day. This registering apparatus 
is secured from the interference of the printer, as the box 
containing it is locked. 

Behind the row of presses stands a counter, the length 
of the room ; in which are inserted, at intervals, metal 
boxes heated by steam, on which the copper plates are 
laid and heated also. The advantages of this discovery 
are fully appreciated by persons in the trade; the health 
of the pressman is preserved; the copper-plates, which 
were destroyed by the charcoal used in the former me- 
thod, preserved; and the work much more perfect. 

The discovery of heating plates by steam, appears to 
have been made also by a Mr. Ramshaw ; and the Socie- 
ty of Arts bestowed a medal upon him, for the ingenuity 
of the discovery: this was in October, 1818; four years 
after Mr. Oldham had adopted it; but, perhaps, both 
have the merit of the invention. 



The Drying Room. 

In the room appropriated to this purpose, arc a num- 
ber of lever presses ; by means of which, the notes laid 
between sheets of paste-board, placed over each other, 
are compressed and dried. As the paste-board conse- 
quently imbibes a considerable quantity of moisture, one 
side of the room is furnished with a rack, in which the 
paste-board sheets are placed on their edges, and dried 



BANK OF IRELAND. 55 

by a steam stove. This stove is in the form of a frus- 
trated cone, in the top of which is a plane self-acting 
distributor of the heated air; and by means of this drying 
apparatus, a succession of paste-board sheets, perfectly 
dry, is always supplied. 

The Numbering and Dating Presses. 

There are six presses employed in numbering and dating 
the notes; each press is composed of a brass box or chest, 
surmounted by a tympan, connected with the box by 
hinges: the tympan is so contrived as to receive the 
skeleton note, and, by means of an aperture in the upper 
surface of the box, a duplicate number and date is im- 
pressed, at each pull or fall of the tympan. It should be 
observed, that the press is calculated to receive two notes 
at once; which, of course, increases the despatch. — And, 
besides, as the numbers at one side of each box com- 
mence with unit, and, at the other, with 501, when 500 
impressions are taken, it is evident, that 1,000 notes are 
double numbered and dated. Thus the series can be con- 
tinued to 100,000, without interruption, and occupies 
two months in the process. To provide against every 
species of imposition, there is a confidential person present, 
and the presses are also totally out of the controul of the 
pressmen, the machinery being secured by lock and key. 

There are many other important improvements in the 
printing office of the Bank of Ireland; the destruction of 
the old notes has always been performed by confidential 
persons, by means of fire : the time employed in this 
operation was considerable, and the loss great. Mr. 
Oldham destroys them through the medium of a com- 
mon paper mill, and the pulpou.s matter thus produced, is 
valuable to paper makers. 



o(i BANK OF IRELAND. 

We shall conclude this little history of the National 
Bank, and its great improvements, by one or two observa- 
tions of a general nature on the results of the present system 
of note making, and the excellent current medium of Ire- 
land. — The directors no longer identify their notes by 
secret marks, which the honest trader does not enjoy the 
advantage of being acquainted with ; but, in every vil- 
lage in Ireland there are persons quite unconnected with 
the bank, who make a trade of pointing out the genuine 
and the forged note, which they do with as much facility 
as any clerk in the bank ; — and besides all this, the gover- 
nors have published the following directions, by wliich 
every stranger in Ireland may deem himself secure from 
the assaults of base circulation in paper currency : " The 
notes of the Bank of Ireland, of five pounds and under, 
may easily be distinguished from the forgeries now in 
circulation, by observing: 

" 1st. The general perfection which prevails in every 
part of the note. 

" 2nd. The extreme regularity and identity of character 
prevailing thoughout every part of the border ; the scrolls 
of which it is composed being without the least percepti- 
ble variation. 

"3rd. The small black worm lines inserted on the white 
ground in the scrolls of the border, which are, as to form, 
absolute facsimiles of each other. 

" 4th. The edgings round the sum, of which the dis- 
tinguishing characteristics are, extreme precision , uni- 
formity, and perfect execution. 

" ,5th. In the Vignette, — the correct delineation of the 
crown, ribbon, and tlinale figures, and t\\c distinct forma- 
tion of the words ''Bank of Ireland. " in black, and the 
Latil) motto in white letters, which are inserted in the 
ribbon." 



BANK OF 111KLAND. 57 

Its Institution. 

The subscribers to the Bank of Ireland were incor- 
porated by Act of Parliament A.D. 1783, by the deno- 
mination of the " Governor and Company of the Bank 
<>f Ireland," 1 and transacted business, for the first time, 
on the 25th of June in that year. Upon stock amount- 
ing to 600,000/. in 4 per cent, government debentures 
were deposited at par. But, an Act was afterwards pass- 
ed, authorising government to cancel those debentures, 
and grant an annuity, at the rate of 4- per cent in lieu 
thereof. — In addition to their capital, they borrowed 
60,000/. upon 5 per cent debentures, previous to making 
any issue; and, in the year 1784, they raised 40,000/. 
upon similar securities. 

All money paid into his Majesty's Treasury, Court of 
Chancery, and Exchequer, are also deposited here. — The 
first dividend was made A.D. 1783, at the rate of 4 per 
cent, from which time it has gradually risen, and now 
bears about 5$ per cent interest. 

The governor, directors, and officers, are annually 
elected in the month of April— there are fifteen directors; 
of these, five must be new. — The necessary qualification 
for governor is to be actually possessed of 5,000/. in stock, 
of a deputy governor, to be in possession of 3,000/., and 
of each of the directors, 2,000/. each. 

In the year 1791, a continuation of their charter was 
obtained for 21 years from the expiration of the charter 
the bank was then possessed of, three years of which 
were still unexpired, on condition of 400,000/. being 
added to the capital; which would make in all 1,000,000/. 
^u-rling. About 17 92, or 93, the bank raise-da farther 



58 BANK 01 IRELAND. 

sum of 120,000/. upon debentures bearing 4- per cent in- 
terest, — redeemable at the expiration of three years, ac- 
cording to their option ; in 1821 the bank obtained a re- 
newal of their charter, on condition of increasing their 
capital half a million. 

From the great extent of the building appropriated to 
the transaction of business, it may naturally be concluded, 
that every office is arranged on a systematic and convenient 
plan. In the Cash Office, which has been already men- 
tioned, all lodgments are made, notes and post bills is- 
sued, and exchanged or accepted, drafts paid, &c. — The 
Cash Office is open from ten to three every day, but 
private bankers notes are not received in lodgment after 
two o'clock. — The Bullion Office is open also from ten to 
three each day : here silver is issued for notes not less 
than ten pounds; but silver is not received there after 
two o'clock. — In the Discount Office bills are received 
from half past nine to half past eleven ; and the office 
opens again at one for the delivery of bills. This office is 
not open on Saturdays. — The Receiver's Office is open 
from two to three, and from five to six in the afternoon, 
for the payment of bills which were not honoured in the 
course of the day. Irish bills falling due on Sunday are 
payable the Monday after, but English bills are payable 
the Saturday before. — Neither post bills or private notes 
are received in payment of bills at the Bank. — The only 
Holidays observed by the company of the National 
Bank, are Good Friday, Christmas-day, and the King's 
Birth-day. Governor of the Bank of Ireland, A.D. 1821, 
ArtlmrCiuiimess, Esq.; deputy governor, Nathaniel Hone, 
Esq. 



PRIVATE BANKERS. 59 

$ribatt asanfters* 

Shaw's Bank. 

Robert Shaw, M. P. T. Needham, and Ponsonby 
Shaw, Esqrs. hold their Bank in Foster-place, College- 
green, opposite the west front of the Bank of Ireland. 
Here bills are discounted, and private notes and post 
bills issued. 

Newcomen's Bank. 

The bank of the Right Hon. Viscount Newcomen 
and James Evory, Esq. is situated at the corner of Castle- 
street, and Cork-hill, opposite the principal entrance to 
the Castle. This bank discounts and does the usual 
business of a private bank, but does not issue notes 
under five pounds. 

This building presents two fronts of Portland stone, 
one to Castle-street, the other to Cork-hill, executed in a 
very elegant style; the windows are ornamented with 
architraves carved with peculiar taste : it stands how- 
ever on a very small space of ground. The design is by 
Mr. Ivory. 

Latouche's Bank. 

On the opposite side of Castle-street, stands the 
bank of George La Touche, J. D. La Touche, J. La 
Touche, jun. T. La Touche, jun. P. D. La Touche and 
James D. La Touche, Esqrs. This firm transacts the 
usual business of discounting, receiving lodgments, &c. 
but does not issue notes under five pounds. 

The bank is a large brick building of four stories in 
height, having the windows ornamented with architraves 



t>0 PRIVATE BANKERS. 

of cut stone. The circumstance of there being a hank 
on each side of tins street, is the foundation of a ridi- 
culous tenigma, frequently proposed in Dublin, viz. Why 
is Castle- street like a river? 

Finlay & Co.'s Bank. 

In a handsome large brick building in Jervis-street, 
formerly occupied by the Bishop of Waterford, at the 
corner of Mary-street, and opposite to Mary's Church, 
Thomas Finlay, John Geale, Robert Law and Michael 
Law, Esqrs. conduct their business. 

This firm discounts, receives lodgments, and issues its 
own notes, of all amounts. 

Ball's Bank. 

The bank of Benjamin Ball, Matthew James Plun- 
kett, Philip Doyne, jun. and Henry Samuel Close, Esqrs. 
is situated in Henry-street, next to the General Post 
Office, and but a few yards from Sackville-street. The 
house is a large brick building, divested of every species 
of ornament, though well calculated for the purpose it 
is applied to, and was the residence of W. Henry, Esq. 
a connection of Ins Grace the Duke of Lcinster. This 
bank issues notes, and transacts all other species of bank- 
ing business. 



Cauntrj) Bankers* 

Belfast Bank. 

The notes of Gordon and Co. are payable at Watson 
and Law's counting-houses 39, Upper Sackville-street, 
between the hours of ten and two, each day. 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. (>l 

Lurgan Bank. 

The notes of Bronlovv and Co. Bankers in Lurgan, are 
payable at the house of Wilcox and John Philps, 92, 
Capel-street, Dublin, between the hours of ten and two, 
each day. 



This valuable institution originated in the private meet- 
ings of a few eminent men, Dr. Prior, Dr. Madan, and 
others, A.D. 1 73 1 , for scientific purposes, and was supported 
solely by their subscription for eighteen years. April 2nd, 
A.D. 1749, George the Second incorporated them as the 
" Dublin Society for promoting Husbandry and other 
useful Arts, 1 ' and granted them 500/. per annum; since 
which period, parliament have lent them most liberal 
patronage and support, — it is governed by a president, 
(lii.s Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,) and 
six Vice-presidents. 

The Governors and Company of the Bank of Ireland 
are Treasurers ; and the Sec reia ries, are Henry Joy, Esq. 
(Serjeant at Law,) and John Boyd, Esq. Barrister. 
Assistant Secretary, B. McCarthy, Esq. 
Solicitor, John Litton, Esq. 
Professor and Lecturer on Botany and Agriadture, W. 

Wade, M.D. F.R.S. 
Professor of Chemistry, W. Higgins, Esq. 
Assistant, Mr. Wharnby. 

Professor and Lecturer of Mineralogy, Sir C. Giesecko. 
KU| Engineer, R. Griffith, Esq. 
Lecturer in Erjwimcntal Philaw>}>hy, Mr. Lynch, 



62 DUBLIN SOCIETY. 

Professor and Lecturer in the Veterinary Art, Mr. Peall. 
Librarian, S. Litton, M.D. 
Con-ector of the Press, Rev. Dr. Lanigan. 
Master of the School for Ornament and Landscape Draw- 
ing, Mr. W. Brocas. 
Master of the Figure School, Mr. B. West. 
Master of the School for Architectural Drawing, Mr. 

H. R. Baker. 
Master for Sculpture, Mr. Smith. 

Head Gardener at the Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, Mr. 
Underwood. 

There is a General Meeting of the Society every Thurs- 
day at two o'clock : Sub-committees, upon various scien- 
tific subjects, meet constantly. — Annual Courses of Lec- 
tures, open to the public, are delivered by the Professor 
and Lecturer, from whom and the House-keeper, tickets 
can be had. — Chemistry ; 1st Course commences the first 
Tuesday in November; 2nd Course, first Tuesday in 
January. — Mineralogy ; first Monday in March. — Natu- 
ral Philosophy ; 1st. Course, first Tuesday in March; 2nd 
Course, first Tuesday in May. — Botany, 1st Course, first 
Monday in May ; 2nd Course, second Tuesday in June. — 
Mining, first Tuesday in February. — Veterinary, first 
Monday in May. 

The following departments are open to the Public. — 
Museum on Mondays and Fridays from twelve to three, — 
Room of Statuary and Elgin Casts, Tuesdays and Satur- 
days from twelve to three. — The Library, on introduction 
to the Librarian. — Botanic Garden, on Tuesdays and 
Fridays from twelve to four ; but, a member can intro- 
duce visiters at any time. 

The subscription to become a member of the Society 
for life, is 50/.: the number of members is about 500. 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 63 

Though no branch of literature totally escapes the at- 
tention of this noble institution, yet it prudently directs a 
considerable degree of it to encourage and diffuse im- 
provements in the construction of implements for abridg- 
ing labour, in discovering and adapting manures to 
various soils, and in combining agricultural science with 
practice. They grant premiums to planters of nurseries; 
and such is the effect already produced, that many mil- 
lions of young trees have been planted, and extensive 
nurseries formed ; which, by the consequent cheapness of 
plants, has induced gentlemen to adorn and benefit 
their property, to the improvement of the kingdom at 
large. 

To Botany, they have given liberal encouragement; 
having purchased a considerable piece of land at Glas- 
mere, about one mile from Dublin, at the north side of 
the city ; they have disposed it as a botanic garden, with 
great judgment; and appointed an eminent professor, 
Dr. Wade, to lecture at their rooms in the garden, during 
the spring season. This garden, laid out and designed 
by the present celebrated professor, contains upwards of 
30 acres; and is inferior, in size, to but one garden of the 
same description; that is, the garden of Jamaica: the 
ground has every advantage in quality of soil, and aspect 
of its banks ; and is watered by a well-supplied stream. — 
The classification of the plants is as follows : — 

The Linnaean garden, which contains two divisions, — 
Herbaceous plants, and shrub-fruit ; and forest-tree 
plants. 

2. Garden arranged on the system of.Iussieu, 

3. Garden of Indigenous plants (to Ireland), disposed 
according to the system of Linnaeus. 

1. Kitchen Garden : — To advance the great benefits of 



(*4 DUBLIN SOCIETY. 

this department, six apprentices are constantly employed, 
who have previously served under private gardeners ; they 
receive a complete knowledge of systematic botany, and 
are much esteemed by private gentlemen as gardeners. 

5. Garden of medicinal plants. 

G. Garden of plants eat and rejected by cattle. 

7. Garden of plants used in rural economy, natural 
and artificial grasses. 

8. Plants used in dying. 

9. Rock plants. — For the better effecting this object, 
a mound has been raised of earth and stones, to which 
those plants usually adhere ; and intersected by gravel 
wiilks, whose borders are decked with the greatest 
variety of those wild flowers. 

10. Aquatic and marsh plants. — An artificial marsh 
has been formed for those plants, contiguous to the 
river which winds through the garden. 

11. Site for Cryptogamics. 

12. Flower garden, besides extensive hot-houses, and 
a conservatory for exotics. Near the centre of the 
garden, stand the professors-house, and lecture-room, — 
a plain, unadorned building, where lectures are delivered 
in the Spring ; one end of the lecture-room communicates 
with the conservatory, for the purpose of more easily 
introducing any of the exotics required at lecture. The 
lectures commence in May, and continue to Septem- 
ber ; the hour of attendance, eight in the morning, 
three days in the week. The introductory lecture is 
delivered at the Society's house in Dublin ; the remain- 
ing discourses, in the lecture-room at the garden. 
The garden is open to the public two days in each 
week, Tuesday and Friday; on Other days, an order from 
a member of the society, procures immediate admission. 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 85 



The Botanic Establishment comprises — 

A Professor. 
A Superintendant. 
Two Assistants. 
Twelve Gardeners. 
Six Apprentices. 

The veterinary establishment is similar to that in 
London ; there are two eminent lecturers on the dis- 
eases and treatment of horses, black-cattle, sheep, 
swine ; there is also a veterinary museum. 

One of the most important objects of this institution, 
is the cultivation of mineralogy; to attain this object 
the society purchased, in the year 17.92, the Museum of 
Mr. Leske, professor of Natural History, at Marburg, a 
distinguished pupil of the illustrious Werner ; this collec- 
tion was subsequently improved by Kir wan, the Irish 
Philosopher. The classification of the minerals is Wer- 
ner's, and is as follows: — 1. Characteristic collection. 
2. The Systematic. 3. Geological. 4. Geographical. 

5. Economical. The Irish minerals form a distinct col- 
lection, distributed according to the arrangement of the 
thirty-two counties, and is called "Museum Hiberni- 
cum." This valuable collection of specimens is open to 
students at all hours, and to the public on Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday, from 12 to 3 o'clock. Sir 
Charles G. S. Giesecke, is the present professor. 

The second part of the Leskcan museum contains the 
Animal Kingdom ; this is arranged under six classes : — 
1. Mammalia. 2. Aves. 3. Amphibia. 4. Pisces. 

6. Insects. 6. Vermes. Shells, butterflies, and beetles 
of the most beautiful species are found here in the 

F 



(X) DUBLIN SOCIETY. 

greatest variety. There is also, the stuffed skin of 
a boa constrictor, thirty feet long ; there are but few 
birds, but the plumage of those has been admirably 
preserved ; some pearls found in a muscle, in the Lake of 
Killarney, are also shewn, two of which are so fine, as to 
be valued at fifty pounds each. Messrs, McAllister and 
Hen have presented some well-executed specimens of 
stained glass ; there are two good models, one of Stone- 
henge, exhibiting its present and former condition, and 
another of an extraordinary ruin, in the county of Kerry, 
called the Stairs, which had escaped the notice of all 
modern surveyors, and whose existence was made 
known so late as 1811, by Mr. L. Foster and Mr. Roch- 
fort, commissioners for reclaiming bogs in Ireland ; from 
whose drawings the model has been constructed ; what 
renders this model interesting is, that the original is sup- 
posed to be an ancient amphitheatre, erected by the Mi- 
lesians after their landing.* 

To encourage the fine arts is one of the chief objects 
of this noble institution, for which purpose they offer 
premiums for superior excellency in painting, statuary, 
modelling and engraving, and they provide the young 
artist with the best originals that are to be had. Among 
those are to be seen the Laocoon and Apollo of Belvi- 
dere ; Mercury, gift of J. Weld, Esq. ; Venus de Medicis; 
a Bacchus ; a Roman gladiator ; Roman boxers ; Sampson 
claying the Philistines ; to these have lately been added, 
casts of the Elgin marbles; — a dancing Faunus, in statuary 
marble, is much admired. 

The Drawing School, is divided into three compart- 
ments ; landscape, figure, and architecture, to which is 
added a school of sculpture; over each of those a dif- 

* This ruin was known to General Vallancey, 1787- 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 07 

ferent master presides, who gives instruction three times 
each week, and three hours at each sitting. The pupils 
of the figure school, are occasionally provided with a 
living figure, to perfect their sketches of the human 
frame, and all this is gratuitous ; about two hundred 
pupils partake of this advantage, and from the exhibitions 
of native genius and education presented at the annual 
display of drawings formerly made in the society's house, 
the beneficial consequences were manifest. The surveys 
made by commissioners appointed for the purpose, com- 
monly called bog-surveys, and which are shewn at the 
society, are exquisite specimens of the graphic art. There 
is an excellent collection of models in the possession 
of the society; the most remarkable, is one of the wooden 
bridge over the Rhine at Schaffhausen in Switzerland, 
the gift of Lord Bristol, in 1771; the original was 36.5 
feet long, it consisted of two arches, whose chords 
measured, the one 172, the other 193 feet, and which 
rise in the centre from a pier, the remains of a stone 
bridge, which had been swept away by the current ; 
this curious and grand object was destroyed by the French, 
in their retreat from Switzerland, which circumstance 
enhances the value of the model. There are many other 
interesting models. 

The Society House was a low mean looking edifice in 
Hawkin's-street, afterwards used by the Mendicity As- 
sociation and now converted into a Theatre, until 1815, 
when they purchased the mansion of the Duke of Lein- 
ster, in Kildarc-street, for the sum of 10,000/. and the an- 
imal rent of f>00/. This is one of the most noble private 
residences in Europe ; the entrance is from Kildarc-street, 
through a grand gate-way of rusticated architecture, 
tattHflg into a spacious court. The front of this palace 
F 2 



68 DUBI4N SOCIETY. 

is ornamented with four beautiful Corinthian pillars 
which rest on the rusticated basement story, and support 
a pediment, with a plain tympanum; between the pe- 
destals of the columns are balustrades. The windows 
are ornamented by architraves, those of the first story 
crowned by circular and angular pediments alternately ; 
at the rear of the building is a lawn of great extent, se- 
parated from Merrion Square by a low wall, and occu- 
pying the greater part of the western side of the square. 
The hall is a noble room of stupendous height, and has 
an elegantly ornamented ceiling ; at the end, you pass 
between large pillars into a long gallery at right angles 
to the length of the hall, in which are the board room, 
news room, secretary's apartments, &c. In the hall, is a 
statue of the Belvidere Apollo, and some models of pillars, 
from which a selection was made for the trophy to the 
Duke of Wellington ; amongst the rest Smirks, which 
was preferred by the society, as the most appropriate. — 
On the next story, are the library and museum : the 
former occupies a large room in the western wing, with 
a gallery all round, and enlarged by a semicircular recess ; 
it contains about 12,000 volumes of well chosen books, 
upon various subjects; there is, besides, a good col- 
lection of MSS. which are bound up in seventeen 
volumes, for the convenience of consulting : most of those 
manuscripts are copied from the MSS. of Bishop Sterne, 
and were purchased from the widow of Harris, the histo- 
rian, for .500/. ; amongst them are, the Annals of Innisfallen 
and Multifernan, and numerous tracts on ancient Irish 
history. The only original documents amongst them are 
those which belong to Archbishop King. The catalogue, 
which was drawn up by Harris, is very incomplete. The 
remainder of this story is occupied by the museum, which 



FARMING SOCICTY. (>i) 

is disposed in six successive rooms. The only disad- 
vantage of this arrangement is, the rooms being lighted 
from one end only; the other ends have not as great a 
quantity of light as such objects generally require. 

The chemical laboratory is finished in the most modern 
and improved manner, the apparatus is of the most 
scientific description, such as the present learned pro- 
fessor is entitled to ; here, an annual course of public 
lectures is delivered, and there is accommodation for 
800 auditors. 



^fanning; &otittv. 

This society was instituted in 1800, and incorporated 
by royal Charter 1S15, in the reign of George III. The 
objects of this society are, the improvement of agricul- 
ture and live stock, and the growth of timber :— the ne- 
cessity of such an institution, in a country so fertile as 
Ireland, was obvious ; and yet it was a matter of much 
difficulty to induce the farmers to introduce any new 
discoveries, or lay aside their old prejudices in the agri- 
cultural art ; only fifty years back, the plough was drawn 
by traces fastened to the horses tails. The late most 
noble the Marquis of Sligo, was the founder of this 
valuable institution. It is directed by a President, 
(Right Hon. J, Foster) a Vice President, and twenty 
one Directors ; —five Directors are changed every year, 
candidates are elected by ballot at the general meetings, 
which take place the last Wednesday in March, at the 
Society's House, Summer-hill, Dublin, and on the 5th of 
October at Balinasloe, in the county of Gal way. The 
subscription (for life) is ten guineas, which must be de- 
posited previous to the ballot ; there are at present about 



70 FARMING SOCIETY. 

one thousand members, and it is patronised by his Ex- 
cellency Earl Talbot, Lord Lieutenant, A. D. 1821. 
Besides the establishment at Summer Hill, there is a 
depot at Balinasloe, in Connaught, where they hold 
annual meetings, during the time of the fair, from the 
fifth to the ninth of October. The house at Summer 
Hill, though not distinguished by architectural ornament, 
is convenient for its purposes; it contains the apart- 
ments of inferior officers ; with a board room and Li- 
brary—there is a small garden at the rear for the pre- 
servation of specimens of grass; there is an enclosure sur- 
rounded by sheds, in which the spring show of fat cattle 
is held, and an auction-house, for the sale of fine wooL 
There is, besides, a factory for making all kinds of im- 
plements connected with husbandry, according to the 
latest improvements. To encourage the breed and 
proper feeding of cattle, the society have an annual 
show (in spring) of black cattle, sheep and swine; 
on which occasion premiums of considerable value are 
distributed to the owners ; nor do their exertions stop 
here, for about the same time of year, an annual plough- 
ing match is held, where premiums are distributed ac- 
cording to the merits of the candidates, — and, by an ad- 
judication of rewards for broad cloth manufactured in 
Ireland, from Irish wool, cloth of an excellent description 
has already been produced. 

The society is supported by occasional grants from Par- 
liament, donations, and the subscriptions paid by members 
on their admission. 

Secretary to the Society, E. Dix, Esq, 
Register, W. Dix, Esq. 



ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 71 



ftaijal Ens!) Statoms* 

As early as 1683, the celebrated Mr. Molyneaux 
endeavoured to establish a society, similar to the Royal 
Society of London ; and though fostered by the protection 
of Sir W. Petty, its president, it was but of five years 
continuance. In 1744, the Physico-Historical Society 
was instituted ; the chief object of this institution was, 
to inquire into the antiquities of Ireland ; and, under 
their auspices, some statistical surveys were made : 
they were the patrons of Smyth's history of Kerry, 
Waterford, and Cork : but here terminated their labours, 
after a reign of but two years. Several fruitless efforts 
were made for several years after. The year 1782, how- 
ever, was more propitious to the literary exertions of the 
Irish ; for in that year, a number of gentlemen, chiefly 
members of the university, associated together, for the 
purpose of promoting general and useful knowledge ; and, 
in 1786, a patent was granted for the incorporation of 
the Royal Irish Academy to promote the study of polite 
literature, science, and antiquities. It consists of a patron, 
(his majesty,) a visiter, (the lord lieutenant,) a president, 
four vice-presidents, a treasurer, two secretaries, and a 
council of twenty-one, which h subdivided into three 
committees; first, of science; second, of polite literature ; 
third, of antiquities. 

c 4 - iqoi f Rev. J. II. Singer ) Fellows of 
Secretaires, 1821 - ^ > 

I Rev. F. Sadleir $ Trinity College. 

Librarian, Rev. T. R. Robinson, F.T.C.D. 

Secretary for Foreign ('orrcs/,oii</ci;ce, Col. E. Hill. 

The committee of science meet the first Monday, the 

committee of polite literatim;, the second, and the com- 



tl ROYAL HUSH ACADEMY. 

mittee of antiquities, the third Monday of every month ; 
(the council according to adjournment), and the Academy 
at large on the fourth Monday of every month, at eight 
o'clock in the evening; all members are invited to assist 
at the meetings of the committees; two stated meetings 
are held on the 13th of November, and 16th of March; 
should either date happen on Sunday, the day prece- 
ding is to be considered as appointed. The Academy house 
is situated on the west side of Grafton-street, opposite the 
Provost's house ; it is not distinguished by architectural 
ornaments, nor of great extent ; in addition to a large 
apartment for meetings of the society, ornamented by por- 
traits of Lord Charlemont and Mr. Kirwan, the mineralo- 
gist ; it is furnished with a tolerable library, in which are 
to be found three Irish MSS. of very ancient date, and 
containing much matter of importance ; they are, the Book 
of Lecan, the Book of Balimote, and a MS. called the 
Speckled Book of M'Egan, The library is open every 
Monday, as a lending library for the members, but they 
cannot consult the books at pleasure. The society occa- 
sionally give rewards of considerable value, for the best 
essays on given subjects, and persons not members are at 
liberty to become competitors for the prize ; and of those 
prize compositions their Transactions are composed, which 
now amount to twelve or fourteen quarto volumes of 
exceedingly interesting matter. Members are elected by 
ballot, and an entrance fee of five guineas is required, with 
a subscription of two guineas per annum. There are 
ISO members- Parliament grants to this institution TOO/. 
per annum. 
President, l^Jl, Right Honorable the JKarl of Cliailcvillc. 



KIRWAMAN SOCIETY. 73 



Sirtoaman: gmctv. 

This Society, formed 1812, borrows its name from that 
great chemist and mineralogist Kirwan ; its objects are, the 
advancement of chemistry, mineralogy, and all other 
branches of natural history : though yet in its infancy, it 
is possessed of some valuable books and philosophical ap- 
paratus, and its number of members amounts to forty, to 
which number additions are making daily. The sub- 
scription is one guinea per annum. 



This association met December 11th, 180S, in a regular 
manner, for the preservation of the venerable remains of 
Irish literature, by collecting, transcribing, illustrating, 
and publishing, the numerous fragments of laws, history, 
topography, poetry, and music, of ancient Ireland : for the 
elucidation of the language, antiquities, and customs of 
the Irish people, and the encouragement of works tend- 
ing to the advancement of Irish literature. 

Patron, the Lord Lieutenant. 
President, the Duke of Leinster. 

To promote the objects for which this Society has been 
formed, attempts have been made, many years since, and 
by individuals of wealth and talent. Edmund Burke 
caused the Scabright MSS. to be deposited in the library 
of Trinity college, for that purpose. General Valancy, 
the author of the Irish Grammar, and of the Collectanea de 



74 DUBLIN INSTITUTION. 

Rcb. Hib. and the learned Dr. Young, Lord Bishop of 
Clonfert, are to be found amongst the assistants to this 
desirable object. The Society published, in 1808, a 
volume of Transactions, containing Observations on the 
Gaelic language; a latin translation of an Inauguration 
poem, the original by Thady M'Brodin, hereditary bard 
to the Prince of Thomond, at the coronation of Donach 
O'Brien ; also, an historical romance, called Deirdre (the 
Darthula of MTherson), or the Lamentable Fate of the 
Sons of Uisneach, translated into English prose. One or 
two works of the Gaelic language have been published 
by members of this association, but not under the title of 
Transactions of the Society. The terms of admission as a 
member are 2\s. per annum, or 2s. 2d. per month. 



Btriftiu XitjBtttutum* 

This Institution was opened 1811, in Sackville-street, 
in a spacious house, formerly the residence of an Irish 
nobleman; 15,000/. was raised upon 300 transferable 
debentures, at 50/. each, and the Institution is conducted 
by a committee of twenty-one proprietors. With this sum 
a library was established, a lending library added, and a 
lecture-room fitted up in a handsome style, with a philo- 
sophical apparatus, and a lecturer in natural history ap- 
pointed. The first, and part of the second floor, is oc- 
cupied by the library; the parlours are used as news 
rooms. The number of members is about 600, jxirt pro- 
prietors and part subscribers ; the subscription is three 
guineas per annum. 1 he lectures in Natural Philosophy 



DUBLIN LIBRARY SOCIETY. Ifl 

have been discontinued, and the lecture-room latterly 
let to a methodist congregation. 



Bu&lin Eit>rar£ J^arittin 

Like other great Institutions, this began from very 
moderate means, and is now, probably, the largest body 
in any one society in Ireland. The origin of this Society 
can be traced to the meeting of a few persons in the 
drawing-room of a bookseller in Dame-street, to read the 
newspapers and new publications ; but growing too nu- 
merous, they removed to a larger house in Eustace-street, 
and in 1791 assumed the name and form of a regular so- 
ciety. The gradual increase of members requiring a larger 
house, they removed to Burgh-quay, near Carlisle-bridge, 
one of the most central situations in the city, and thence to a 
neat elegant edifice, with a stone front, erected purposely 
for their use, in D'Olier-street, but a few yards from 
their former situation. The library, which is very ex- 
tensive, cost upwards of 8,000/. and admirably chosen, 
is open every day from 10 o'clock in the morning until five 
in the afternoon, and from seven in the evening until ten 
at night. There is a room set apart for conversation, and 
which is supplied with English, Scotch, Irish, French, and 
American newspapers. The business of the Society is 
conducted by a president (the right honourable the Earl 
of Charlemont), four vice-presidents, and a committee cf 
twenty-one, chosen annually from amongst the members, 
by ballot. Terms, for the first year, two guineas, f<;r 
every subsequent year but one, payable in advance on 
tin- first day of January. The subscribing for fifteen 



7G marsh's library. 

years, or a donation of books to the value of fifteen guineas, 
or ten guineas paid on admission, constitutes a member 
for life. Officers of his majesty's service, doing duty in 
Dublin, are admitted on paying the annual subscription 
of one guinea. Every member is admitted to the advan- 
tage of the Lending or Circulating Library, on paying one 
guinea per annum additional. The number of subscribers 
is about 1500. 

Treasurers, Messrs. George La Touche and Co. 

Librarian, Mr. John Raper. 

Assistant, Mr. George Rankin. 



Dr. Narcissus Marsh, Archbishop of Dublin, A. D. 
1694-, established a public library in the vicinity of 
Patrick's Cathedral. The books which compose this li- 
brary,' were, most of them, the property of Dr. Stilling- 
fleet, and purchased by Dr. Marsh for the public 
benefit. The library-room consists of two galleries, 
meeting at a right angle; and in this angle is the li- 
brarian's room ; who, consequently, has a view of the 
entire library at once. The books of Stillingfleet are ill 
one of the galleries; and donations, and modern produc- 
tions, in the other. To gain admission, you are required 
to present a certificate, or procure an introduction : this 
was not always the case ; but, in consequence of some 
books being stolen in 1750, certain restrictions were im- 
posed, and the following extraordinary precaution taken; 
viz. each book was fastened to a chain, to the other ex- 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 77 

tremity of which a ring was attached, running on an 
horizontal rod ; the chain was of sufficient length to 
permit the book to rest on the reading desk beneath. — 
The only existing trace of this extraordinary trouble and 
precaution is the rod; the chain has been removed, and 
the difficulty of gaining admission is but nominal. — The 
library is open every day from 11 to 3, Sundays and 
holidays excepted : it is under the government of trus- 
tees, appointed by act of parliament, who make annual 
visits. The situation of this library is so very inconve- 
nient and remote from the respectable part of the city, and 
the books it contains so obsolete, that the public do not 
derive much advantage from them: there are here twelve 
volumes of MSS. illustrative of the History of Ireland. — 
Amongst the MSS. are the Repertorium Viride, the Liber 
Niger of Archbishop Alan, James the Second's Procla- 
mation for Toleration in Scotland, Remarks on two Reli- 
gious Papers by King Charles the Second. There are 
many marginal notes, made with a pencil, in the books 
and MSS. of this library, which are supposed to have 
been written by Dean Swift. The best method of render- 
ing this collection useful would be, to transfer it to some 
of the public libraries, which are better situated. 



CATHEDRALS. 



Cattjrtral of $t $atrit&. 

The Cathedral dedicated to this celebrated divine, was 
built by John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, A.D. 1190 ; 
for which excellent and laudable purpose, he received 



78 CATHEDRAL OI ST. PATRICK. 

many munificent grants from the Lords Governors of 
Ireland. It lias been dedicated to St. Patrick, not only 
as being the patron saint of Ireland, but, it is supposed, 
that on the same site there stood a chapel built by the 
Saint himself in the year 448. — The founder of this church 
created thirteen Prebendaries, which number was in- 
creased to fifteen by Henry de Loundres, also Archbishop 
of Dublin, about the year 1220: who also appointed a 
Dean, Chanter and Chancellor, and modelled its govern- 
ment on that of the English cathedrals. — About one hun- 
dred years after the death of Henry de Loundres, through 
the shameful negligence of the cathedral servants, this 
noble edifice was completely burned down. — But, a true 
Christian principle existed in Ireland at that time, as tins 
magnificent structure erected for the worship of God 
testifies; for in less than two years after, while Thomas 
Minot was Archbishop of Dublin, the cathedral was re- 
built, and the steeple and spire added, of which Arch- 
bishop Minot laid the foundation stone, A.D. 1370. — 
A note in the Registry of St. Patrick's Church may lead 
to extraordinary reflections on the mode in which 
labourers were procured to raise those great architectural 
piles which are to be found scattered over England and 
Ireland: "After the burning of St. Patrick's Cathedral, 
sixty idle fellows were taken up, and obliged to assist in 
repairing the church, and raising a steeple ; but, the work 
being completed, they returned to their old habit— begging ; 
and finally were banished the diocese." — In the reign of 
Philip and Mary, A.D. 1555, the rights and privileges of 
this cathedral were established. The chapter was ap- 
pointed to consist of the dean, two archdeacons, a chan- 
cellor, treasurer, twenty-two canonical prebendaries, six 
inferior canons, sixteen vicars-choral, and six choristers. 



CATIIKDKAL OF ST. PATRICK. 7V 

The two archdeacons are those of Dublin and Glendaloch, 
in the county of Wicklow.- This building consists of a 
nave, transept and choir. The nave, which is 130 feet in 
length, has two side-aisles, much decayed, and wanting 
considerably of their original elegance, but kept remarkably 
neat. They communicate with the centre of the nave by 
large pointed arches of a particularly beautiful style, sup- 
ported by plain octagonal pillars. The nave is lighted by 
a very large window in the western end, over the grand 
entrance, as at Furness Abbey, and other large churches 
in England. — On one side of the centre stands a hand- 
some monument to the memory of Doctor Thomas Smyth, 
Archbishop of Dublin, who died in 1771. The inscrip- 
tion, which is in Latin, is said, by an Irish historian, to be 
the composition of Dr. Louth, Bishop of London. — Im- 
mediately opposite to Dr. Smyth's monument, stands 
that of Dr. Narcissus Marsh, a man remarkable for piety, 
learning, and liberality. — He filled the situations of dean, 
provost, bishop, archbishop, and, finally, primate of all Ire- 
land. — Before his death, he bestowed on the public a 
magnificent collection of books, and erected a library- 
house in the neighbourhood of the cathedral. £See Art. 
Marsh's Library.^ — This monument was originally erected 
against the side wall of the library, which he had be- 
queathed for the public benefit; but, suffering much from 
the eilects of weather, the dean removed it to a more suit- 
able position in the nave, where it now stands. — Beneath 
a canopy, ornamented with drapery, of white marble, 
and between two handsome Corinthian columns, is the 
following inscription: 

M. s. 

Nai:( ism Maiish, S.T.P. 
Oui ex Aula Sancti A I ban i apiul Oxonil 



80 t vnn.DiiAi- of st. Patrick. 

AJ regimen 6. Sanetx et Individual Trinitatis juxta Dublin 
Hinc ad unitos episcopatus Fernensem et Leignensem 

Evectus, 

Turn Archiepiscopus Cassiliensis, postea Dubliniensis, 

Tandem Armachanus, totius Hiberniae Primas et 

Metropolitans. 

Septies item per regias literas constitutus 

Unus de dominis justiciariis hujus regni. 

Omni turn honoris, turn laboris publici munere defunctus, 

Hie tandem requiescit 

Animum jam accipe, 

His omnibus parem, vel etiam majorem, 

In academia optimarum literarum studium, 

In ecclesia pietatem et disciplinam primasvam, 

In republiea pacem et legum reverentiam, 

Praepositus, Praesul, Gubernator 

Promovit, auxit, stabilivit; 

Pie semper et intaminate vivendo, 

Fovendo literatos, 

Conservando cives. 

Inter hasc tanta munia quicquid erat otii 

Studiis matheseos et rerum naturalium, donabat, 

Linguarum, praesertim orientalium peritissimus, 

Summa sacrorum fontium, et ecclesiae historiae cognitione 

Christiana? religionis veritatem et decus, 

Transtulit in vitam, et ecclesia; regimen 

Sic omnibus charum, spectabilem, utilem se prebuit 

Nee satis hoc duxit vir animi magni et excelsi, 

Nisi et posteritati prodesset; 

Hinc Dubliniensis, publicam hanc extruxit bibliothecam, 

Armachanus auxit, 

Instruxit que hbris in omni eruditionis genere 

Selectissimis ; 

Qualis quantaque sit 

Adspicc et inspicc. 

Pontanac domicilia duodecim scdificavit 

Clericorum viduis sua; imprimis diceceseos recipiendis, 

Commodam unicuiquc pensionem annuam constituens. 






CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 81 

Templa quam plurima 

Injuria temporum collapsa instauravit, 

Ecclesiam suam Cathedralem Armachaiiam 

Annuo reditu a?ternam esse voluit; 

Et quod magis illustre, magis utile, 

Deciinas ecclesiis diu subtractas, 

Optimo exemplo redemptas restituit. 

De exteris quoque bene raereri cupiens. 

lis qui in propaganda apud Indos fide, 

Labores impenderent 

Animo vere Apostolico 

Munificentia sua vires stimulosque addidit 

Vir patria?, ecelesia\ orbi natus. 

Natus Dec. 20th, I608. 
Diaconus, a.d. 1662. Episcopus, a.d. 1685 

Prcesbiter, a.d. 1662. 
Propositus, a.d. 167H. 



Archiepiscopus, a.d. 1691. 
Primas et Metrop, a.d. \~02. 



Unus e dominis justiciariis septies, 

1699, 1700, 1701, 1705, 1707, 1710, 

Mortuus Nov. 2, 171", a?tatis 75, 

Monumentum posuit 

Benjamin Huson, a.m. 



Immediately opposite to the monument of Primate 
Marsh stands that of Archbishop Smyth. Two columns 
of the Ionic order support an entablature and semicircular 
pediment, on which rests a mitre ; the centre of the pedi- 
ment is occupied by the bishop's arms ; underneath stands 
a large urn of white marble inserted in a nich, and below 
the urn, a bas relief head. This magnificent monument, 
which cost upwards of 1,500/. was executed by VanNort, 
and designed by his pupil, John Smyth ; on the pedestal 
is the following beautiful inscription, before mentioned to 
have been the composition of Dr. Louth. 



82 t AlHLDRAL OF 9T. PATRICK. 

H. S. E. 

Reverendissimus ARTURUS SMYTH, S.T.P. 

Archiepiscopus Dubliniensis. 

Reverendi admodum Thomse Smyth, Episcopi Limericensis. 

Filius natu octavus; 

Natus Limerici die xix Feb. a.d. mdccvi. 

Studiis Academicis primum Dublinii, 

Dcinde Oxonii vacavit; 

Ubi praeclarum ingenium optimis disciplinis instruxit, 

Omnique liberali doctrina expolivit. 

Gentes Europae humanitate maxime excultas 

Primo valetudinis causa peragravit; 

Simulque adfectas corporis vires recepit, 

Integrum animi robur firmavit. 

Turn adscitus in contubernium illustrissimi 

Marchionis Hartingtonensis, 

(Postea Devonian Ducis) 

Juvenem excellentissimum 

Sua ipsius indole ad omnem virtutem comparatum, 

Repetita eadem pei-egrinatione, Praeceptoris loco comitatus est, 

Quem Virum Patria universa 

Quem Pro-regem Hibernia dilexit et admirata est; 

Singulare sui seculi decus eheu ! mox immatura morte extinctum. 

Hoc praecipue Patrono quod ipsum in magna laude poncndum, 

Ad summos in Ecclesia honores gradatim ascendit; 

Ecclesiae Rapotensis Decanus constitutus a.d. mdccxxu. 

Anno in sequenti ad Decanatum Derensem promotus, 

Episcopus Clonfertensis et Kilmac Duacensis creatus et 

Sacratus. a.d. mdccxlii. 

Ad Episcopatum Dunensem et Connorensem 

Translatus a.d. mdccliii. 

Deinde ad Midensem, a.d. mdcclxvt. 

Poitremo ad Archicpiscopatum Dubliniensem evectus 

A.D. MDCCLXVI. 

Per omnem vifce et honorum decursum 

Sui 8imilis et semper idem, 

Miris, facilis, humanus, eandidus, 

Moribua sanctissimis, primEva integritate. 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

Ipsa simplicitate, venerabilis. 

Morbi supremi accrrimos crueiatus 

Tranquilitate et constantia vere Christiana perpessus, 

Aiiimam placide Deo reddidit 

Die xiv Decembris, a.o. mdcclxxi. 

Uxorem duxit foeminam lectissimam 

Elizabethan! filiam Nicolai Bonfoy, 

De Abbot Ribton in Comitatu Huntingtonensi Armigeri. 

Qua) sine prole obiit 

Die xiv Julii a.d. mdcclxi. 

-,-Etatis suae lvii. 

Fratri bene merenti, optimo, carissimo, 

Carolus et Edvardus Smyth, 

Ex testamento Ha?redes 

P. 



Monument of the Earl of Cavan. 

On the north side of the nave, attached to one of the 
pillars, is a handsome monument of white marble, to the 
memory of the Earl of Cavan. A sarcophagus supports 
a figure of Minerva, surrounded by military emblems. 
Behind an urn is seen, resting on a column, against which 
is suspended a medallion of the deceased Earl. The in" 
scription is as follows: 

Sacred to those virtues, that adorn the just and brave, 

This monument perpetuates the memory of 

RICHARD LAMBERT, EARL OF CAVAN, 

Viscount Vilcoursie, and Baron of Cavan, 

Lieutenant General of His Majesty's Forces, 

Colonel of the 15th Regiment of Infantry: 

Who yielded human life for Eternity on the 2nd day of Nov. 1778, 

M. 56. 



8i CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

On the sou tli side of the nave, and near St. Patrick's 
gate, a handsome monument of white marble is affixed 
to one of the columns, dedicated to the memory of 
John Ball, Esq. Serjeant at Law. 



By the unanimous vote of the Irish Bar, 
This memorial of esteem and admiration is raised to the memory of 
JOHN BALL, 
One of His Majesty's Serjeants at Law. 
He died the 24th of August, 1810, in the 60th year of his age. 
During a life of strenuous exertion he never excited one transient 
enmity. In his progress to the highest professional eminence, he 
never stooped to any unworthy condescension ; zealous, but candid ; 
modest, yet bold ; his simple and persuasive eloquence was the true 
result of generous feeling and animated conviction; no sophism 
disgraced his reasoning, no studied ornament impeached his since- 
rity. Worth, Learning, Intellect, all conspired to exalt him to 
distinction: characteristic modesty grew with the growth of his 
reputation, whilst it seemed to impede, it advanced his progress, 
and, interesting all men in his success, shed an unoffending lustre 
on his prosperity. This unprecedented offering of a grateful pro- 
fession to a member, distinguished by all the great and amiable 
qualities of the head and heart, whilst it affords a present solace 
to his afflicted family and mourning friends, after personal remem- 
brance shall have ceased, may perpetuate the benefit of his exam- 
ple, by encouraging unobtrusive worth and unpatronized genius to 
pursue his path and acquire his celebrity. 



Stella's Monument. 

On the same column, and only a few feet lower, is a 
white marble slab, to the memory of Mrs. Hester John- 
son, better known in the literary world as Swift's Stella ; 
Oil which is inscribed, 



M 



CATSEDRAL OI ST. PATRICK. 85 

Underneath lie the mortal remains of Mrs. HESTER JOHNSON, 
better known to the world by the name of STELLA, under which 
title she is celebrated in the writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of 
this cathedral. She was a person of extraordinary endowments of 
body, mind, and behaviour. Justly admired and respected by all 
who knew her, on account of her many eminent virtues, as well 
as for her great natural and acquired perfections. She died January 
L'Tth, 1727-8, in the 4Gth year of her age, and by her will be- 
queathed one thousand pounds towards the support of a chaplain 
to the Hospital founded in this city, by Dr. Steevens. 



Archbishop Tregury's Monument. 

On the right hand side of St. Patrick's, at the western 
gate, is a monument dedicated to the memory of Michael 
Tregury, Archbishop of Dublin, who died in the year 1471, 
and bequeathed, by his will, two silver salts, gilt, to be 
used as chalices at the celebration of the Lord's Supper 
in this cathedral ; and to St. Mary's Chapel he left a pair 
of organs. 

On the tomb stone, which is a slab of granite stone, 
seven feet long and four broad, set upright in the wall, 
the Archbishop is represented in his pontifical habit, with 
his crozier in his hand, on the top of which is a crucifix. 
In Church-text characters, around the edge of the slab, is 
this inscription : 

Jesus est Salvator mcus. 

Praesul Michael hie Dublinieusis marmore tumbatus. 

Pro me Christum flagitetis. 



Swift's Monument. 

On the column next that to which the monument of 
Mi\ Hester Johnson is fixed, is that of Dean Swift, who 
was adored by the Irish, while living, and whose example, 



80 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

after death, was beneficial to his country; of him 
Scott says, " At the tidings of his death, the gratitude of 
the Irish shone forth in the full glow of national enthu- 
siasm; the interval was forgotten, during which their 
great patriot had been dead to the world; and he was 
wept and mourned as if he had been called away in the 
mid career of his public services. Young and old of all 
ranks surrounded the Deanry-house, to pay the last 
tribute of sorrow and affection. Locks of his hair were 
so eagerly sought for, that Mr. Sheridan happily applies 
to the citizens of Dublin, these lines of Shakespeare : 

" Yea, buy a hair of him for memory, 
And, dying, mention it within their wills, 
Bequeathing it as a rich legacy, 
Unto their issue." 

On the 22nd of October his remains were deposited, 
in a private manner, at the foot of the second Gothic 
column, from St. Patrick's gate ; and on a black marble 
slab, indicating the resting place of this distinguished 
man, is an inscription, expressive of that hatred of op- 
pression, and love of liberty, w r hich his other writings 
breathe, for the inscription was written by himself. 

Hie depositum est corpus 

JONATHAN SWIFT, s. t. d. 

Hujus Ecclesiae Cathedralis Decani, 

Ubi sacva indignatio 

Ulterius cor lacerare nequit. 

Abi Viator 

Et imitarc, si poteris, 

Slxenuum, pro virili, 

Libertatis vindieatorem, 

Obiit l*) g die mensis Octobris a.d. 1713. 

Anno /Etatis 78. 



_ 



_ 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 87 

Immediately over this monumental tablet, is a well- 
executed bust of Swift, placed there in 1776, by J. 
Falkener, the original printer of his works, by permis- 
sion of the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral. It is 
the workmanship of Mr. Cunningham. — Falkener at first 
intended to place this admirable specimen of statuary, at 
the front of his house, in Essex-street, as appears by his 
Journal, No. 3,816. — For an accurate description of every 
thing connected with Swift, and this Cathedral, the 
reader is referred to Mason's History of St. Patrick's Ca- 
thedral and Whitelaw's History of Dublin. 

To the left of the entrance, called St. Paul's Gate, 
affixed to the pillar next the door-way, is a small marble 
slab, to the memory of Alexander M'Gee, servant to 
Dean Swift, with the following superscription : — 

Here lieth the body of 
ALEXANDER M'GEE, 
Servant to Doctor Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's. 
His grateful master caused this monument to be erected in memory 
of his discretion, fidelity, and diligence, in that humble station. 
Obiit March 24th, 1721-2. ^Etatis 29. 



Dean Keating's Monument. 

At the north-west end of the south aisle, is the vault 
which was granted by the Chapter to the Rev. J. W. 
Keating, late Dean of St Patrick's, where his remains are 
entombed ; his friend, Dr. Handcock, has dedicated a 
small marble slab to his memory, bearing the following 
inscription : — 



88 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

Underneath lie the lamented remains of 

Very Rev. JOHN WILLIAM KEATING, D.D. 

Dean of this Cathedral j 

He died May 6th, 1817- Aged 47 years. 

His attached friend, Rev. John Handcock, D.D. 

Dedicates this tablet to his memory. 

In the north aisle, and near the steeple, is the monu- 
ment of Richard Meredyth, D.D. Bishop of Leighlin 
and Ferns, and once Dean of this cathedral. The tomb 
dedicated to his fame was destroyed in the revolution of 
1688, when the church was converted into a barrack 
for the military, by order of King James. But a second 
tomb has since been erected, a little to the east of its 
former situation, with the following inscription engraved 
thereon : — 

Here lieth the body of 
RICHARD MEREDYTH, D.D. 
Lord Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns, 
And Dean of this cathedral of St. Patrick's. 
Who died August the 3rd, A.D. 1597, 
In memory of whom, and several of his family, who he here in- 
terred, this monument is erected, by Richard Meredyth of Shrow- 
land, in the county of Kildare, Esq. Charles Meredyth of Newton, 
Dean of Ardfert, and Arthur Francis Meredyth, Esq. both in the 
county of Meath; being the remaining branches of his family, 
1754. Repaired, Anno Domini, 1768, by Sarah Meredyth, other- 
wise Paul (relict of the above Richard Meredyth), Thomas Mere- 
dyth of Newton, and Arthur Meredyth of Dollaritown, Esqrs. 



Not far from this is a monument to the memory of 
Doctor Martin, Prebendary of St. Patrick's, and rector 
of Killeshandra. 

In the same aisle, there is a monument erected to the 
memory of Henry Tomkins, a youth of fifteen years of 



■^^kMM^H 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. SO 

age, who came into Ireland, in the reign of the Marquis 
of Buckingham, and died in the residence of the Mar- 
quis, who was his attached friend, and who caused his 
remains to be deposited in this cathedral, and a monu- 
ment, with the following inscription, to be erected to his 
memory : — 

HENRICO, 

HENRICI TOMKINS, de Weston-TurviUe 

In. Com. Bucks. Arm. 

Filio natu maximo, 

Georgius, Marchio de Buckingham, 

Hibernian Pro-Rex, 

Amoris ergo et desiderii 

P. 

Quinto die Maii 

Annum sctatis quindecimurn 

Vix emensus, morte, hcu ! iramatura, 

Praereptus est 

MDCCLXXXVIII. 



Lord Rosse's Monument. 

Near the monument of Henry Tomkins, is another to 
the Earl of llosse. — A pedestal supporting a bust of white 
marble, comprises the entire structure, over the tablet of 
which is engraved the following epitaph: — 

This marble was erected by John, the Sixth Lord Viscount Nettervflle, 

In memory of 

RICHARD PARSONS, Earl of Rosse, 

Who, with his sister, Lady ELIZABETH PARSONS, are interred 

Within this cathedral. 



On the north side of the nave, at a short distance from 
the choir, is a tablet, witli the following inscription : — 



90 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

To the memory of 
JOHN BOARDMAN, Esq. 
Who, for twenty-three years, filled the office of grand Treasurer to 
the Freemasons of Ireland, with consummate knowledge, rigid 
integrity, and unexampled zeal. He died in London, on the 25rd 
of May, 1814, whilst on a mission to the United Grand Lodge of 
England. This monumental tablet is erected by the Grand Lodge, 
to commemorate their gratitude for his services, their sense of his 
virtues, and their sorrow for his loss. 

Aug. Fred. Duke of Leinster, Grand Master, 
Hon. A. A. Hely Hutchinson, Deputy Grand Master, 
John H. Baron Hutchinson 



hardens 
John C. Baron Kilmaine 

Rev. Robert Handcock, D.D. Grand Secretary. 



a ijw, 



Mr. John Rigby's Monument. 

To the column next the choir, on the north side of the 
nave, is affixed a handsome marble monument, with 
some masonic insignia thereon, to the memory of Mr. 
John Rigby ; the inscription is as follows : — 

To the memory of 
JOHN RIGBY, 

Late Sovereign of the order of Prince Grand Rose Croix, and Deputy 
Grand Commander of the College of Philosophical Masons of Ire- 
land. Whose great masonic zeal, manly, honourable, and in- 
dependent mind, and kind and generous disposition, placed him in 
those high ranks of Freemasonry; and gained him the esteem and 
respect of society. This tribute to his worth is erected by his 
brethren of the original chapter of Prince Masons, and the first 
Volunteer Lodge, No. 620. A.D. mdcccxix. 



There are a few other monuments and inscriptions in 
the nave, which cannot be introduced here, and for 
which the reader is again referred to Mason's History. — 



_». 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 91 

At the north-west angle of the aisle, is the door-way 
leading to the steeple. — The steeple was erected in 1370, 
at the instance and owing to the zeal of Archbishop 
Minor, who, on that account, adopted as a device upon 
his seal, a Bishop holding a steeple in his hand. — In 1719, 
Dr. Stearne, Bishop of Clogher, bequeathed 1,000/. 
towards the erection of a spire, which was accordingly 
executed, from the design of George Semple, Esq. — The 
tower is 120 feet in height, and the spire 103, making 
in all from the ground to the ball of the spire, 223 
feet. This spire, it will be supposed, is extremely con- 
spicuous from every approach to Dublin, but, owing 
to the lowness of its situation, it is not visible at all 
from the north or west of the city. — Within the tower 
is suspended a ring of remarkably sweet-toned bells ; 
which has been greatly improved, by the placing of a 
ceiling immediately over them; this was done by the 
late Very Rev. Dean Keating, to whom the public 
are indebted for the almost total preservation of this 
venerable and beautiful structure. — On one of the 
bells is the following appropriate motto, " Buret illccsa 
ad preces excitans, usque ad sonitum supremo;, 1 721." — 
There are English mottos upon the others. Returning 
then to the remote end of the nave, and the intersection 
of it, with the transept, we reach the entrance of the 
choir, which is through a gothic arch-way of modem 
construction, and over which, forming the division be- 
tween the nave and choir, is the organ. This organ, 
universally acknowledged the finest toned in Ireland, is 
the workmanship of Smith, of Rotterdam, and intended 
to be erected in the church of Vigo, in Spain ; but at the 
moment of its arrival, the Duke of Ormond made an 
attack on that town, at the head of the Allied Fleet, and 



92 CATHLDRAL Ol ST. PATRICK. 

carried off this organ, with other valuables. — The organ 
he presented to Patrick's Cathedral, and the Chapter 
plaeed the arms of his family in front of it, turned 
towards the aisle. — Some years after, the Duke was so 
unlucky as to lose the royal favour, and suffer a loss of 
rank in the state, upon which the sheriff of Dublin en- 
tered the cathedral, for the purpose of removing the 
Ormond arms from the front of the organ. But Swift, 
who was then Dean of this cathedral, resisted the sheriff's 
authority, upon legal grounds, and retained the arms in 
their position. — They were however removed from their 
original position, two years since, to permit some neces- 
sary alterations, and are now on the very summit of the 
organ looking towards the nave. 

The Choir. 

The choir, which is ninety feet in length, including 
that portion of the nave where the four principal arches 
intersect, is the finest specimen of pointed architecture 
in the kingdom, richly decorated with niches and recesses, 
called commonly the Friar's walks. — The ceiling, which is 
composed of groined arches, was built of stone, but not 
long since was obliged to be removed, and its place sup- 
plied by a ceiling of stucco, exactly similar to the former ; 
so that the choir presents the venerable appearance of an 
ancient cathedral, in its full splendour. — The choir was 
formerly roofed with stone flags, of an azure colour and 
inlaid with stars of gold. But the weight of the roof 
being too great for the support beneath, it was removed, 
and discovered beneath traces of 100 windows. — The 
exterior walls were supported by flying buttresses, with 
demi-arches, and there were niches in the walls, where 



CATHEDRAL OK ST. PATRICK. 93 

statues of the saints were placed, but no traces of the 
niches or statues are to be found at tins day. — Within 
the choir are, the Archbishop's tin-one, and stalls of the 
knights of the most illustrious order of St. Patrick ; 
over each stall are suspended the helmet and sword 
of the knight, and above the gallery, all round, are the 
banners of those who now enjoy the honour of knight- 
hood. — The throne, stalls, and first gallery, in which 
are the dean and archbishop's closets, are very appro- 
priately ornamented with carved oak, and scarcely inter- 
fere with the architectural beauty of the ulterior ; but, 
in consequence of the great crowds which attend divine 
service every Sunday in this cathedral, the Chapter have 
erected a second gallery, Avhich greatly disfigures the 
appearance of the choir, and gives it rather the air of a 
theatre, than of a cathedral for divine worship. — Not- 
withstanding, the whole appearance of the choir, from 
its immense height, the quantity of light admitted, the 
insignia of the order of St. Patrick, and the different 
monuments, is venerable, magnificent, and imposing, and 
cannot fail to excite those religious thoughts, which it 
was the object of gothic architecture, particularly, to 
effect, from the gloom and awfulness of the interior of 
their churches. In the east end is the altar, at each side 
of which, on tablets sunk in recesses, the ten command- 
ments are placed in gilt letters, and the altar-piece re- 
presents a curtain behind a large gothic arch, half-drawn 
and just admitting a glory to the view ; it is considered 
well executed, and has an admirable effect, being com- 
pletely in character. 



94 i ATIIKDI! \I. OF ST. PATRICK. 

MONUMENTS IN THE CHOIR. 



Earl of Cork's Monument. 

Near the altar, on the south wall of the choir, stands 
the celebrated monument of Richard, Earl of Cork, 
erected in the reign of Charles I. Not more remarkable 
for its magnificence, and the enormous sum it cost, than 
for the political and ecclesiastical quarrels it was the oc- 
casion of.— This monument originally stood where the 
communion table now stands, at which place there was 
once a door way into the chapel behind the choir ; but, 
this being the proper place for the altar, Archbishop 
Laud complained to Lord Strafford, then Lord Lieutenant 
of Ireland, and afterwards to the King himself, that this 
structure occupied the place of God's altar. But this 
attack was defended by the Primate, and by Dr. Usher. — 
HoAvever, the Earl of Strafford exerted himself to have 
this monument removed, which circumstance was occa- 
sion of offence, not only to the descendants of the Earl of 
Cork, but also to Weston, Lord Treasurer of England, 
whose ancestor, Lord Chancellor Weston, was interred 
beneath that pile, and to whose memory it was chiefly de- 
dicated. And even after the ecclesiastical dispute was 
terminated, the rancour kindled in the hearts of these 
statesmen burned with undiminished violence. For at the 
trial of the unhappy Earl of Strafford, it is believed, the 
Lord Treasurer Weston used all his zeal and influence 
to do him injury.— On the 16th of April, 1634, a king's 
letter was issued, to investigate the matter, which ended 
by an order being issued for the removal of the monument 
to the place it now occupies. 

The upper chamber of the monument contains a figure 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 95 

of Weston, Dean of this cathedral, beneath an arch, in 
a cumbent posture ; beneath him are two marble slabs, 
on which you may read the following inscriptions : 

Here lieth interred, the body of that reverend, honourable gentleman, 
ROBERT WESTON, Esq. Doctor of the Civil and Canon Laws, 
Grandfather to the Lady Catherine, Countess of Cork, being sometime 
one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, and for six years Chancellor of 
this realm. Who was so learned, judicious, and upright in the course 
of judicature, as in all the time of that employment he never made a 
decree that was questioned or reversed ; he changed his mortal for an 
eternal life, the 20th of May, 1573, whose honorable memorie no 
time shall extinguish. 

In the chamber underneath are two compartments, the 
one occupied by a figure of Sir Geoffrey Fen ton, and the 
other by his lady, Alice, daughter of Dean Weston ; both 
figures are in a kneeling attitude; near them are two 
slabs, having the following inscriptions : 

Here lieth intombed, the body of the twice honourable Sir GEOFFREY 
FENTON, Kt. Secretary and Privy-councillor to Queen Elizabeth, 
and King James, of blessed memory, for the affairs of Ireland ; and 
which employment he performed with great justice ; he was father to 
the Ladie Katherine, Countess of Corke, and departed this life the 
24th of October, 1G08, whose workes and vertues will never die. 

In memorie of the honourable and vertuous ladie, Lady ALICE 
FENTON, wife to Sir Geoffrey Fenton, and mother to the Lady 
Katherine, Countess of Corke, whose religious and charitable cour- 
teous life was an example to her sex ; she deceased the 20th of May, 
1631, but will ever live in the happy remembrance of all posterity. 

In the next lower chamber, are placed two figures, the 
one of the Earl and the other of the Countess of Cork, 
in a recumbent posture ; at their heads one of their sons 



00 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

is kneeling-, in the attitude of prayer, and another in the 
same position, at their feet; on the edge of the marble slab 
on which they recline, is this inscription : 

This monument was erected for 

The Right Honourable Sir RICHARD BOYLE, Kt- 

Lord Boyle, Baron of Youghall, Viscount ofDungarvan, 

EARL OF CORKE, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, 

Of the King's Privy Council of this realm, 

And of the Lords Justices for the government of this kingdom ; 

In memory of his most dear, virtuous, and religious wife, 

The LADY* KATHERYNE, COUNTESS OF CORK, 

And their posterity ; 

As also, of his grandfather, Robert Weston, 

Some time Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and one of the 

Lords Justices for the government thereof, 

Whose daughter, Alice Weston, 

Was married to Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Kt 

Principal Secretary of State in this realm ; 

And they had issue, the said Lady Katheryne, 

Countess of Cork, 

Who lieth here interred with her said father and grandfather, 

Whose virtues she inherited on earth, 

And lieth here entombed with them; 

All expecting a joyful resurrection, 

Quae obiit decirao sexto Februarii, 1629. 

In the lowest chamber are the Earl's six daughters,, with 
the figure of a child, supposed to be the celebrated Sir 
Robert Boyle, all in the attitude of praying ; between the 
arches of tins story you will find the following inscription : 

AN The issue of the 1 

NO Right Honourable Richard, Lord Boyle, 6 

DO EARL OF CORKE, 

MI And the Lady Katheryne, his wyfe, 1 

NI With the arms of such of their daughters 
Husbands, as are married. 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 1)7 

And near the highest point of this monument, is this 
motto : 

God's providence is our inheritance. 

Swift, when Dean of this cathedral, made application to 
the Lord Burlington for money to repair this monument of 
his ancestor the Earl of Corke, which circumstance is 
mentioned in Swift's Letters to Lord Carteret. For further 
information on the subject of this extraordinary mauso- 
leum, see the learned work of William Monck Mason on 
this cathedral. 



Viscountess Doneraile's Monument. 

Over the door leading from the Choir to the Chapter- 
house is a monument, a figure in a leaning posture, of 
the Viscountess Doneraile, who was interred in the vault 
of the Boyle family, to which is annexed this inscription : 

Here lieth the body of the Right Honourable 

LADY ELIZABETH VISCOUNTESS DONERAILE, 

Wife of the Right Honourable Hayes Sentleger, 

Lord Viscount Doneraile, 
Daughter of the Right Honourable Joseph Dean, 
Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, in 1715 ; 
And of Margaret Boyle, daughter of the Honourable Roger Boyle of 

Castlemartyr, in the County of Cork, Esq. 
She departed this life on the 3rd day of December, 1761, in the 59th 

Year of her Age. 

she lived universally esteemed, and died universally lamented. Her 

disconsolate Husband, with whom she lived in perfect harmony 

forty years, hath caused this Monument to be erected in testimony 

of the love which he bare her, and as a memorial of his sincere 

'(•t for her many great and amiable virtues. 



08 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

At some height, against the south wall of the choii 
between the monuments of the Earl of Cork and tin 
Viscountess Doneraile, are some relics, said to be the 
chain-ball which killed St. Ruth at the battle of Aughrim 
in 1691 ; the head of the last wolf ever taken in Ireland, 
and for which a reward of 100/. was given by the Lord 
Lieutenant ; and the spurs worn by the Duke of Wel- 
lington at the battle of Waterloo : but this is complete 
fiction; the head is that of a boar, carved in wood, the 
crest of the Loftus family ; the ball was that which 
killed Lord Loftus at the battle of Limerick; and the 
spurs also belonged to the same nobleman. 



Duke Schomberg's Monument. 

Opposite to the Earl of Cork's monument, and at a con- 
siderable height, there is a black slab inserted in the wall, 
consecrated to the memory of the illustrious prince, Duke 
Schomberg, who was slain at the battle of the Boyne, 
in 1G90.* Dean Swift made repeated applications to the 
descendants of this gallant officer, to place a testimonial 
over his remains, worthy of his deeds, which proving 
ineffectual, the Dean himself placed the present stone, 
in the wall of the choir, and wrote the inscription carved 
thereon, which is as follows: — 



* In a press in the Chapter-house the skull of Duke Schomberg Is still 
preserved; in the forehead of which is a circular aperture, made by the 
bullet which caused his death. 



CATHf-.DRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 99 

I lie infra situm est corpus Frederick 

Ducis cle SCHONBERC, 

Ad Bubindam occisi, a.d. 1690. 

Pecanus et Capitulum maxiraopere ctiam atquc etiam 

Petierunt, ut haercdes Ducis 

Monumentum in memoriam parentis 

Erigendum curarent. 

Sed postquam per epistolas, per amicos, 

Diu ac sa;pe orando 

Nil profecere; 

Hunc demum Lapidem statucrunt: 

Saltern ut scias hospes ubinam terrarum 

Schonbergense3 cineres dehtescunt. 

Plus potuit fama virtutis apud alicnos 

Quam sanguinis proximitas apud suos. 

A.D. 1731. 



Near this last are slabs to the memories of Dean 
Fyche, and Dean Sutton. — Dame Mary Sentleger, who 
married a fourth husband, Sir Anthony Sentleger, Master 
of the Rolls in Ireland. — And not far from those is a 
stone with the following inscription : 

Hcare liefh buried, 
The Reverend Doctor THOMAS BYTTOLPH, 
Deane of Raphoe, heretofore Chaplainc, both to King Charles ye First, 
and his now sacral Maiesty, King Charles the Second: who 
maryed Ann ye Davghter of Hcnery Mingay, Esq. of Ameringill 
in the County of Norfolk-,- by whom he left issve only one Davgh- 
ter, and died the 21st day of Avgvst, 1676. 



There is here also a monument to Sir Edward Fiton, 
Lord President of Connaught, in old English Characters, 
on a brass plate ; the arms are engraved on pewter, and 
inlaid on the plate. 



h 2 



100 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

Archbishop Jones's Monument. 

This monument, although built in the style and mannei 
of Lord Corke's, is still deficient in magnificence; it con- 
sists only of two chambers or stories, in one of which is 
the effigy of the Archbishop, and in the other Lord 
Viscount Ranelagh, with a number of figures kneeling, 
their hands raised in a suppliant maimer. In this vault 
many noble persons have been interred from time to 
time, as appears from Archdall. — On the left hand side 
of the upper chamber, is the following inscription : 

d. o. m. s. 

THOMAS JONES, 

Archiepiscopus Dublin, Hybernia? Caneellarius, 

Bis e Justiciariis unus, 

Obiit 10th April, A. D. 1619. 

Margarita Thomas Uxor 

Obiit 15th Dec. 1618. 

And on the right, the following : 

ROGER JONES, Eques. 

Vice Corns. Ranelah, Connaeia? Praises, 

Jacobo et Carolo regibus 

E Secretioribus Consiliis. 

Parentibus sibi et Posteris posuit 

Prior uxor Francisca 
FUia Giraldi Vice Comitis. Moore 
De Drogheda, Obiit 23rd. Nov. 1620. 

Altera, Catharina Filia 

Henrici Longuevil de Comitat. Bucks, 

Equitis, Obiit 4th Dec. 1628. 

Filius ct conjux mcesti monuments doloris, 

Hie patri matri conjugibusq. loco. 



Under the gallery there is a brass plate inserted in the 
wall, with an inscription, in obsolete English, to the 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 101 

Memory of Sir Henry Wallop, of Southampton, who 
was buried in this cathedral, A. D. 1599. — Beneath the 
steps of the altar the Domvilles have been interred, and 
not far from their burial ground, is the grave of 
Archbishop Talbot. In the choir of this Cathedral also 
are deposited the remains of Brigadier Fitzpatrick, who, 
with eighty fellow passengers, was drowned near the 
hill of Howth in the bay of Dublin, A, D. 1696, in at- 
tempting to cross the channel from Holy-head to Dublin, 
in the William packet. — In the aisle, to the south of the 
choir, is a monument to the memory of Mrs. Taylor, 
and some of her children. And another, to the memory 
of Baron William Worth, and his posterity ; he was in- 
terred in the choir, A. D. 1682.— -Over two small pointed 
arches in the choir have lately been discovered the arms 
of King John. 

The Chapter House. 

The Chapter House, or, as it was anciently called, St. 
Paul's Chapel, which occupies part of the southern tran- 
sept, was a beautiful specimen of the interior beauty of 
this cathedral, until it was disfigured by a modern arch, 
introduced for the support of the walls, which were in a 
tottering state ; in this was the prison of the inquisition. 
Here the Dean has a throne, and the prebendaries stalls ; 
the banners of the deceased knights of the illustrious 
order of St. Patrick are removed from the choir to the 
Chapter House, and add considerably to its picturesque 
appearance; it is ornamented also by a statue of tlie 
Marquis of Buckingham, dressed in the robes of the order, 
which was instituted during his government; and on the 
pedestal is inscribed, 



102 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

The Most Noble 
GEORGE NUGENT GRENVILLE TEMPLE, 
Marquis of Buckingham, &c &c. &c. first Grand Master of the most 

illustrious order of St. Patrick. 
This statue was made at the expense of Lord Tyrawly, as a mark of his 
esteem for the late Marquis of Buckingham. 

In a frame, hung against the side wall, several pieces of 
burnished tile are preserved. The entire cathedral was 
originally floored with tiles of this description, but they 
have been buried in the ruins of the cathedral subsequent 
to its destruction by fire : those specimens were discovered 
by Mr. Maguire. 

St. Mary's Chapel. 

In the east of the choir, is a small chapel where di- 
vine service is performed at different hours from those in 
which it is celebrated in the cathedral : the chapel itself 
has been so much altered by repairs, that all its ancient 
character is effaced. There were many other chapels 
beneath this extensive roof, but they are now buried in 
ruins. The north entrance, or St, Nicholas gate, at 
present exhibits not a vestige of its former greatness, not 
preserving as much as would repay the antiquarian for 
the trouble of a visit ; it contains, however, what is sup- 
posed to be St. Patrick's well, and one monument, on 
which this inscription may still be traced : 

Hie rcquievit corpus 

HENRICI PRICE, S. T. P. hujus 

Eeclesiac, per annos 

t'ircitcr XX. pastoris 

Dignissiml ; qui obiit Sep. Mh, 

A. 1). 1706. 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 103 

The site of this cathedral has been already spoken of 
as being injudicious, and not merely from its being so 
low, but from the circumstance of a small stream, which 
runs by the cathedral, and under Patrick-street, that 
overflows after rain, and at one time inundated the ca- 
thedral; to obviate which inconvenience, the cathedral 
floor was raised, and consequently part of the pillars, 
supporting the pointed arches, buried ; after which the 
street was raised; consequently, the cathedral floor again 
remained lower than the external surface, which very 
much contributes to render it damp. Until a few years 
back, the side aisle to the east of St. Nicholas's Gate, was 
completely filled with rubbish, and impassable ; this was 
cleared away, and rendered one of the most elegant 
walks in the cathedral, by the direction of Dean Keat- 
ing, who also removed a quantity of scaffolding which 
supported the roof of the nave, and totally obstructed 
the view of the interior of the cathedral. Those are the 
most important improvements made by that zealous and 
amiable divine, but there are innumerable others of less 
importance in every part of the cathedral; to comme- 
morate the advantages derived from his deanery, a small 
slab is placed in the nave, with this inscription : 

1 he roof of the nave being decayed, and supported by scaffolding tweiit>- 
five years, was taken down, the present erected, and the Cathedral and 
organ received many improvements, and thorough repair, A. D. 181 1 
and 181 G. Very Rev. John William Keating, D.D. Dean, Rev. 
Thomas Haddock, LL.D. Prebend of St. Audeouis, Proctor. 

Such is the influence of example on noble minds, that 
there can bo no doubt whatever that successive deans 
v\ill hnitatu the example of this excellent man; and at 



'■ ^-^ 



104 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

this instant preparations are making to restore the north- 
ern part of the transept, or St. Nicholas's gate, which 
would nearly leave this venerable edifice in the condition 
it was in when Sir James Ware asserted it was preferable 
to all the cathedrals in Ireland for beauty and magnificence 
of structure, and extent of compass. — Strangers visiting 
this cathedral can be at no loss for an intelligent guide, 
as long as the present very respectable Verger, Mr. 
Maguire, remains in office. His residence is immediately 
opposite St. Paul's gate, in the south close. 

In Mr. Maguire's possession there is a mask of Dean 
Swift, taken immediately after his death, and bearing a 
strong resemblance to the portrait of him in the Deanry- 
house, and in the Examination-hall of the University. — 
Amongst other curiosities in Mr. Maguire's collection, is 
a deed with Stella's signature attached in her own hand- 
writing. 

The Deanry-house. 

At a short distance from the cathedral, in the narrow- 
est and filthiest part of Kevin-street, is the residence of 
the Dean ; it is a small low handsome building, with a 
small court yard in front, having one gate for admission, 
and another for egress. Here are portraits of all the 
deans of this cathedral; and from the portrait of Swift, 
which may be seen here, all the others have been 
copied. 

Archiepiscopal Palace. 

There were two palaces attached to the See of Dublin, 
one at a distance of four miles from town, and near the 
village of Tallagh, which is still in the possession of his 
Grace, but long since disused. The second is in Kevin- 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 105 

street, elose to the Deanry-house. The Dublin palace 
was an exceedingly beautiful building, and but for its 
miserable site, would probably have been preserved yet 
as the Archiepiscopal residence: it consisted of a center 
and wings extending about 150 feet, with a spacious 
court-yard in front : from this court may be had, perhaps, 
the best view of the cathedral, with the exception of that 
from the windows of Marsh's library, which has been 
taken for this work. This venerable edifice has lately 
been converted into a barrack for Horse-police, and the 
Archbishop is obliged to supply himself with a residence. 
For many years serious contentions existed between 
the Archbishops of Dublin and Armagh, on the question 
of primatial rights ; and in 1353 Pope Innocent VI. de- 
termined that both sees should be primatial: notwith- 
standing which, Richard Talbot and George Brown 
revived the controversy afterwards. But Lord Strafford, 
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, decided the right in favour of 
Armagh, by the persuasion of Archbishop Usher — [See 
Stewart's History of Armagh and Ware's Bishops.] 

Installation of knights of the Order of 
St. Patrick. 

On the 5th day of February, 1783, his Majesty was 
graciously pleased to order letters patent to pass under 
the great seal of Ireland, for creating a society or bro- 
therhood, to be called Knights of the illustrious Order of 
St. Patrick, to consist of the sovereign, and fifteen knights 
companions, of which his Majesty, his heirs, &c. shall 
perpetually be sovereigns, and the viceroy of this 
kingdom to officiate as Grand Master. The premier 
knight, thus appointed, was Prince Edward, his Majesty's 
fourth son, and of the other original knights, the only sur- 



-*- 1 -* ~ -» - . ^ ^ 



100 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 

vivor is, the most noble the Marquis (then Earl) oi 
Droghcda ; the Earl of Antrim was also nominated, but 
lie supplicated permission to relinquish his stall, upon 
which, Arthur, Earl of Arran, was created one of the 
original knights of the said illustrious order. In conse- 
quence of the tender age of Prince Edward, Lord Mus- 
kerry was permitted to act as proxy, and was invested in 
the Prince's name; Henry Loftus, Earl of Ely, was 
not in the kingdom during the investiture, and died 
without being installed. 

On the 11th day of March, 1783, the knights being as- 
sembled in the Presence Chamber of Dublin Castle, a pro- 
cession was made from thence to the Ball-room, which, 
from that day, by his excellency's command, has been 
called St. Patrick's Hall : here the knights were invested, 
with great solemnity, in the presence of all the nobility of 
Ireland. 

On the 27th day of March, 1783, his excellency, pre- 
ceded by the officers of the household, and attended by 
the knights companions, with their esquires, proceeded to 
St. PatrickVcathedral, his excellency alone being dressed 
in his full mantle, habit, and collar of the order, the 
knights dressed in their surcoats only, with their caps in 
their hands ; the esquires in full dress. 

At St. Patrick's gate the procession was met by the 
dean and chapter, who conducted the knights to the 
Chapter-room, where a procession was made to the choir, 
where the ceremony of installation was performed. Since 
the first installation, two others have occurred, the first in 
the administration of the late Duke of Richmond, the 
second, during the government of Lord Whitworth ; on 
both those occasions the knights and esquires walked in 
procession from the castle of Dublin to the cathedral, and 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 107 

returned in the same manner, decorated with all the bril- 
liant insignia of the order. There are some vacant stalls 
at present, which it is expected will be filled in the pre- 
sent year (1821). For a minute detail of the ceremony 
of installation, see Beatson's Index. 



Catijeftrai ot €t)vi$t=€i)uvt% 

In the year 1214, the see of Dublin was united to 
that of Glendaloch, a village in the county of Wicklow, 
twenty-seven miles from Dublin, which union still 
exists. To this See many valuable endowments were 
given by Pope Innocent III, and by King John of Eng- 
land. The Archbishop of Dublin was formerly a 
member of the privy-council of England; he had the 
rights and privileges of a prince palatine within the 
liberties of the Cross, and a gallows for the execution of 
criminals, within a mile of his palace, at a place called 
Harold's Cross, on the south side of the city. Arch- 
bishop King erected a handsome building in Kevin's- 
street, where the seneschal held his court, but the con- 
^istory-court was held in St. Patrick's cathedral. — A 
very remarkable circumstance relative to the diocese of 
Dublin is, that it contains two cathedrals, St. Patrick's 
and Christ-church, or the Blessed Trinity. The cathe- 
dral of Christ-church was built A. D. 1038, about the 
center of the city of Dublin, by Sitricus, the son of 
Amlave, King of the Ostmen of Dublin, and Donat or 
Dunan, the first Ostman bishop, who was buried in 
the choir of lliis cathedral, at the right-hand side of the 
communion table, A, D. 1074- This cathedral stands 



108 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 

011 a range of arches, erected by the Deans as stores for 
merchandize ; and in those vaults, St. Patrick first ap- 
pealed to the inhabitants of Dublin in behalf of the 
christian religion. It was then called the cathedral 
of the Holy Trinity, and was erected for secular 
canons; but, in the year of our Lord 1163, those 
canons were changed into Arroasian canons (so called 
from the diocese of Arias in Flanders), by Lawrence 
O'Toole, archbishop of Dublin. Lawrence was the son 
of Maurice O'Toole, Prince of Imaly : he was educated at 
Glendaloch, in the county of Wicklow, and consecrated 
in the cathedral of Christ-church, by Gelasius, Bishop of 
Armagh, A. D. 1162: before his time the Irish bishops 
were consecrated at Canterbury, which regulation ceased 
with the consecration of O'Toole. — The chapel of St. 
Michael's, formerly attached to the cathedral, was built 
by Donat ; but this church was converted into a parish 
church, by Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin, A. D. 
1417, whom we before mentioned to have been buried at 
the foot of the altar in St. Patrick's cathedral, A- D. 1449. 
After Archbishop Talbot's death, a man of the name of 
John Streguthen pledged the crosier, for five marks, to 
Richard White, a tailor, which was not released for the 
space of eighty years. Richard Talbot was brother to the 
illustrious hero, John Lord of Furnival, whom King 
Henry VI. raised to the Earldoms of Salop, Waterford, 
and Wexford, for his great services in France. Donat 
farther built the chapel of St. Nicholas, on the north side 
of the cathedral, together with the transept and nave. 
The choir, the steeple, and two chapels, the one dedi- 
cated to St. Edmund, King and Martyr, and to St. Mary 
the White, and the other to St. Laud, were all built at 
the joint labour and expense of Archbishop Lawrence, 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 109 

Richard Strongbow, Earl of Strigul, Robert Fitzstephens, 
and Raymond le Gross. In the archives of Christ- 
church there is mention made of a chapel in the south 
aisle adjoining the choir, formerly dedicated to the Holy 
Ghost ; but after the canonization of Archbishop Law- 
rence, it was generally called St, Lawrence O'Toole's 
chapel. Anciently the prior and convent of Christ- 
church had a cell of the canons in the diocese of Armagh, 
endowed with the churches of St. Mary of Drumsalan 
(where they had a residence, and served the cure), and of 
Philipston Nugent, with the chapels thereunto annexed, 
the gift of Philip Nugent, the true patron, with a wood 
and two carucates of land, A. D. 1247. But Albert, 
Archbishop of Armagh, in consequence of the great dis- 
tance of the cell from Christ-church, with the consent of 
the patron, suppressed the cell, using this argument, from 
the epistle of St. Bernard, " That a cell without dis- 
cipline, is the cell of Satan." The three immediate suc- 
cessors of Lawrence, were John Comyn, Henry Loundres, 
and Luke, who were also amongst the principal bene- 
factors of this cathedral. The choir was built at the sole 
expense of John de St. Paul, Archbishop of Dublin, A. D. 
1G58. 

On the 1 1th January, 1283, John Derlington being then 
Archbishop of Dublin, a party of Scotchmen set fire to 
one side of Skinner-row, which communicating to the 
cathedral, destroyed the steeple, chapter-house, dormi- 
tory, and cloisters ,• upon which the citizens, with true 
piety and sincere religious feelings, subscribed for the 
restoration of the cathedral, even before their own houses 
were repaired. In the year 1300 an agreement was 
made between the chapters of both cathedrals, Patrick's 
and Christ-church, that each church should be called 



110 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 

Cathedral and Metropolitical, but that Christ-church 
should have precedence, as being the elder church, and 
that the archbishops should be buried alternately in th« 
two cathedrals. On the 25th of March, 1395, four Irish 
kings, after having performed their vigils and heard mass, 
received the honour of knighthood at the hands of Richard 
II. of England, in the church of this prior}', and were 
afterwards entertained by the king at his own table: and 
in 1450, a parliament was held in the church by King 
Henry VI. — A. D. 1487 Lambert Simnell, an impostor, 
was crowned in this cathedral by the title of Edward VI. 
The crown used on this occasion was borrowed from a statue 
of the blessed Virgin, which stood in the church of St. Mary 
les Dames, and shortly after he received the homage of 
the citizens of Dublin in the castle. A. D. 1508 Robert 
Castele, alias Payneswick, a canon regular of the priory 
of Lanthony, was installed on the 4th of July, and this 
year the staff of St. Patrick, which was brought hither 
from Armagh, as a relic of great estimation, was 
publicly burned: at this time the prior sat in the 
House of Peers, as a spiritual lord. Letters patent, dated 
10th May, A. D. 1541, changed the priory into a deanry 
and chapter, continued their former estates and immu- 
nities, and appointed the prior Payneswick the first 
dean. This new foundation consisted of a dean, chanter, 
chancellor, treasurer, and six vicars choral. — Archbishop 
Brown erected three prebends in this cathedral, A. D. 
1544 ; they were St. Michael's, St. Michaen's, and St. 
John's, and from the period of this alteration, this cathe- 
dral has been called the cathedral of Christ-church, instead 
of the cathedral of the Blessed Trinity, which it had been 
called before. — King Edward VI added six priests and 
two choristers, or singing boys, with an annual pension of 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. Ill 

151. payable out of his Majesty's exchequer. — Queen Mary 
confirmed that grant, and added another gift out of her 
bounty, and King James farther increased the revenues of 
the cathedral ; so that in his reign, besides the officers 
already named, there were three prebendaries and four 
choristers. — He also ordained that the Archdeacon of 
Dublin should have a stall in this cathedral, and a voice 
and seat in the chapter in all capitular acts relating 
to it. 

In the year of our Lord 1559, Thomas Earl of Sussex 
being Governor of Ireland, a parliament was held in a 
room in this cathedral, called the Commons'-house. On the 
3rd of April, 1562, the roof of the church fell in, by 
which the monument of the Earl Strongbow was much 
injured ; but it was replaced shortly after, together with 
the monument of Earl Desmond, which was brought here 
from Drogheda. 

In this cathedral were preserved the following religious 
relics : A crucifix, which had spoken twice ; the staff 
of our Lord; St. Patrick's high altar of marble, on which 
a leper was miraculously conveyed from Great Britain to 
Ireland; a thorn of our Saviour's crown; part of the 
Virgin Mary's girdle ; some of the bones of St. Peter and 
St. Andrew ; a few relics of the holy martyrs, St. Cle- 
ment, St. Oswald, St. Faith, the Abbot Brendan, St. 
Thomas Becket, St. Wolstan, Bishop of Worcester, and 
St. Lawrence O'Toole ; with the shrine of St. Cubius. 

We have already mentioned who first held the Deanry 
of Christ-church, to whom, up to the present time, about 
twenty deans have succeeded. — In 1677, William More- 
ton, the tenth dean, was installed. But King James II, 
when he was residing in Dublin, appointed Alexius Staf- 
ford, a secular priest of the county of Wexford, dean of 



\1'2 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH, 

the cathedral, and a master in chancery ; this cler- 
gyman, officiating as chaplain to the royal army, was 
'..tin at the battle of Aughrim, A.D, 1691; after which, 
Moreton resumed the duties of dean, having previously 
been created Bishop of Kildare. — The eleventh dean was 
Welbore Ellis, who was installed 12th of November, 1705, 
and was also made Bishop of Kildare, from which time 
the Deanry has been held in commendam with that 
bishopric. — This cathedral was originally hi the middle 
of the city; and although Dublin has increased considerably 
in extent, it has preserved its relative position, being still 
about the center of Dublin. It is surrounded by Fish- 
amble-street, John's-lane, Christ-church-lane, and Skinner- 
row ; and only the length of Castle-street from the Castle 
gate. It is in the form of a cross, like most cathedrals, 
but so disfigured by buttresses built up against the side 
walls in various places, and indeed in such a ruinous con- 
dition altogether, that there are only sufficient remains 
to indicate its former stateliness ; but it fails any longer 
to excite our admiration as a specimen of architecture. — 
The grand entrance is in the western end of the nave, 
beneath a large window, in Christ-church-lane. A few 
years since, a door was opened in the southern whig of 
the transept, leading to Christ-church-yard, which is the 
most conveniently situated for persons coming from the 
north end of the city; and there is also a door- way in 
John's-lane, but this is seldom used. 



The Nave. 

The present appearance of the nave is neither vener- 
able nor imposing. The south side is comparatively 
of modem date; for the roof and side Avail harm- 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 113 

fallen in, A. D. 1562, and being completely disfigured, 
it was replaced by a plain wall, plastered smoothly 
up to the roof; to commemorate which restoration 
of the cathedral, there is a stone inserted in the wall, 
nearly above Strongbow's monument, bearing the follow- 
ing inscription: 

THE : RIGHT : HONORABL : T : ERL 
OF : SVSSEX : LEVTNT : THIS : WAL : 
FEL : DOWN : IN : AN : 1562. THE : 
BILDING : OF : THIS : WAL : WAS : IN : AN : 
1562. 

The length of the Nave is 103 feet, its breadth 25. 
The northern wall preserves still some traces of antiquity ; 
in it are pointed arches of a peculiarly beautiful style ; the 
pillars between these were composed of a number of small 
columns, with intervening mouldings, on which rested 
capitals of heads and foliage combined- High up, in the 
same wall, are still to be seen galleries, or, as they are 
more commonly called, Friars walks, which were continued 
through the walls of the entire cathedral. The side aisle, 
on the north of the nave, is also part of the ancient cathe- 
dral, but is rather in a dilapidated state, and if not sup- 
ported on the outside by a strong buttress, would long 
since have fallen. In this aisle are two statues, in robes 
and periwigs, the one of Charles II, the other of James 
II ; those statues formerly ornamented the front of the 
Tholsel, in Skinner-row, at the corner of Nicholas-street, 
which building has lately been taken down. In the corner, 
near those statues, is the coffin and tomb of Archbishop 
O'Toole ; and at the south side of the nave, beneath one 
of the old pointed arches, is the door leading to the 
Chapter-house. 



114 CATHEDRAL OF CH RlST-t HURCH. 

Prior's Monument. 

Near the door leading to the Chapter-house, is a beau- 
ti fid and interesting monument, to the memory of Thomas 
Prior, Esq. distinguished for his unceasing exertions to 
benefit his fellow-creatures during his life, and fortunate 
enough to attach so illustrious a man as Bishop Berkeley 
to him, by the strongest ties of friendship, while he was 
his fellow student in the university. Mr. Prior was so zea- 
lous in his efforts to serve his native land, that he wrote 
upon almost every article of produce and manufacture in 
Ireland ; he obtained a charter for the foundation of the 
Dublin Society, which has proved so beneficial to this 
country. He wrote some valuable tracts on the linen ma- 
nufacture of Ireland, and recommended the wearing of 
scarfs at funerals as an additional mode of disposing of 
the labours of the industrious to advantage, and this cus- 
tom was first introduced at the funeral of Conolly, 

Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, A. D, 1729. 
Mr. Prior was interred in the parish church of the village 
of Rathdowney in the Queen's County, about sixty miles 
from Dublin: where a neat marble monument, bearing the 
family arms and surmounted by an urn, was erected to his 
memory by his afflicted family, with the following inscrip- 
tion : 

Sacred to the memory of THOMAS PRIOR, Esq. who spent a long 
life in unwearied endeavours to promote the welfare of his native 
country. Every manufacture, every branch of husbandry, will de- 
clare this truth; every useful institution will lament its friend and 
benefactor. He died, alas ! too soon for Ireland, October 21, 1751. 
Aged 71. 



The beautiful monument in Christ-church Cathedral 
was erected at the expense of a number of admiring 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 115 

friends and patriotic characters. On the top is the bust, 
beneath which stand two boys, the one weeping, the 
other pointing to a bas-relief, representing Minerva con- 
ducting the Arts towards Hibernia ; and in his hand he 
holds a scroll on which is inscribed : 

This monument was erected to Thomas Prior, Esq. at the charge of 
several persons who contributed to honour the memory of that 
worthy patriot, to whom his veracity, actions, and unwearied en- 
deavours, in the service of his country, have raised a monument 
more lasting than ever. 

The Latin inscription, sculptured by J. Van Nort, in 
1 756, which was before mentioned to have been the com- 
position of the friend of his youth, Bishop Berkeley, is as 
follows : — 

Memoria? sacrum 

THOIVLE PRIOR, 

Viri, si quis unquam alius, de Patria 

Optime meriti ; 

Qui, cum prodesse mallet quam conspici, 

Nee in senatum cooptatus, 

Nee consiliorum aula: particeps, 

Nee ullo publico munerc insignitus, 

Rem tamen publicam 

Mirifice auxit et ornavit, 

Auspiciis, consiliis, Iabore indefesso. 

Vir innocuus, probus, pi us 5 

Partium studiis minime addictus, 

De re familiari parum solicitus, 

Cum civium commoda unice spectaret 

Quicquid vel ad inopia: levamen 

Vel ad vita; elegantiam facit, 

Quicquid ad desidiam populi vincendam, 

Aut ad bonas artes excitandas pertinet, 

Id omne pro virili excoluit: 

i2 



116 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHUUCII. 

Sociktatis Dtbliniensis 
Auctor, Institutor, Cursor, 

Quae fecerit 

Pluribus diccrc haud refcrt: 

Quorsum narraret marmor 

Ilia qua; omnes norunt ? 

Ilia quas civium animis insculpta 

Nulla dies delebit? 



Strongbow's Monument. 

Against the same wall, and near Prior's monument, 
are two figures of hewn stone, the one representing a man 
in armour, the other a female figure lying by his side : 
they rest on a block of stone, about two feet high ; the figure 
of the female is imperfect. — These are said to be dedi- 
cated to the memories of Strongbow and his consort Eva. 
Over the monument, upon a slab sunk in the wall, is the 
following inscription : — 

THIS : AVNCYENT : MONVMENT : OF : RYCHARD 
STRANGBOWE : CALLED : COMES : STRANGVLENSIS 
LORD : OF : CHEPSTO : AND : OGNY : THE : FYRST 
AND : PRINCYPALL : INVADER : OF : IRLAND : 1169 
QVI : OBIIT : 1177 : THE : MONVMENT : WAS : BROKEN 
BY : THE : FALL : OF : THE : ROFF : AND : BODYE 
OF : CHRYSTES : CHVRCHE : IN : AN : 1562 : AND 
SET : VP : AGAYN : AT : THE : CHARGYS : OF : THE 
RIGHT : HONORABLE SR : HENIRI : SYDNEY 
KNYGHT : OF : THE : NOBLE : ORDER : L : PRESI- 
DENT : WAILES : L : DEPVTY : OF : IRLAND : 1570. 

Richard, Earl Strongbow (according to Lyttleton in 
his Life of Henry II, and also according to Archdall in his 
Monasticon), in the year of our Lord 1176, granted the 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 117 

lands of Kinsale to purchase lights for the Church : he 
died of a cancerous sore leg, and was interred in this 
cathedral within sight of the Holy Cross, A. D. 1177.— 
Notwithstanding these authorities, and several others of 
great weight, it is doubted whether this be really the 
tomb of Earl Strongbow. 

Archdall also states, p. 133, that Strongbow, having 
granted certain lands to the Abbey of the Virgin Mary in 
Dublin, directed that his remains should be interred in 
that Abbey, because his brother Thomas had there taken 
the habit of the order.— Leland, in his Itinerary, states, that 
there is an inscription to the memory of Strongbow, Earl 
of Pembroke, in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral; 
but Giraldus de Bani, who accompanied Prince John to 
Ireland, A. D. 1185, only eight years after the Earl's 
death, expressly mentions that he was interred in this 
cathedral. 



Monument of Lord Bowes. 

John, afterwards Lord Bowes, and Chancellor of Ire- 
land, was a man of considerable ability. He was a native 
of England, but pursued the profession of the law in this 
kingdom with great integrity and impartiality. Having 
passed through the several offices of Solicitor, Attorney 
General, and Lord Chief Baron, he was, at the decease of 
Lord Jocelyn, raised to the peerage, and custody of the 
Great Seal ; but never having married, the title is extinct. 
He presided in the House of Lords, in Ireland, with great 
dignity ; and his eloquence was considered in the highest 
degree manly and persuasive.*— The monument erected to 

Stc Ilanly's Life of Charlcmont, iw Edit. p. &j. 



118 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHUECH. 

his memory is near that of Strongbow, and is composed 
of statuary and variegated marble ; a statue of Justice, 
as large as life, with her scales broken, and in an attitude of 
sorrow, is looking at a medallion, on which is a bas-relief 
head of Lord Bowes. — Van Nost, the sculptor, received 
500/. for this piece of sculpture, and added much to his 
former reputation by the execution of the countenance, 
which is an excellent likeness. Beneath the sarcophagus 
is the following inscription : — 

Sacred to the memory of 

JOHN LORD BOWES, 

Late Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 

Who died in the seventy-sixth year of his age, 22nd of July, 1767. 

This monument is erected by his affectionate brother Rumsey Bowes, 

Esq. of Binfield, Berks. 



Lord Ltfford's Monument. 

Lord LifFord, High Chancellor of Ireland, expired in 
the month of July 1789, two months after the violent de- 
bate in the Lords upon the regency question. — Previous 
to Ins promotion to the Great Seal of Ireland, he had been 
one of the judges of the King's Bench in England, and 
was indebted to his sincerely attached friend, Lord Cam- 
den, for his promotion. — He was generally considered an 
excellent lawyer, and an impartial judge, and his patience 
and good temper on the bench were exemplary. — He was 
succeeded in the Chancellorship by Mr. Fitzgibbon, then 
his Majesty's Attorney General for Ireland, afterwards 
Earl of Clare.— A plain marble tablet is laid on a slab of 
variegated marble, of pyramidal shape, on the summit of 
which are placed the arms of the family, with this s-uitabic 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-C1IORCH. 110 

motto, " Be just, and fear not." — The inscription is as 
follows : — 

Near this place are interred the remains of 
JAMES LORD VISCOUNT LIFFORD, 
Late Lord Chancellor of Ireland ; 
The unanimous sense of a grateful nation Is the best testimony of the 
unblemished integrity with which, for the space of 22 years, he filled 
his high and important station, ever firmly adhering to the maxim 
he had originally assumed as the guide to his judicial decisions, " Be 
just, and fear not ;" What he was as a Father, a Husband, and a 
Christian, is deeply engraven on the memory of his surviving family 
and friends, and will avail long after this frail memorial shall perish 
and be forgotten. A memorial which is rather intended as the grate- 
ful and dutiful offering of conjugal affection, and filial piety, than 
to be the record of his virtues to posterity.— Died a. d. 1789. Aged 
75 Years. 



Bishop of Meath's Monument. 

Between the monuments of Lord Chancellor Bowes 
and Lord LifTord, is a handsome piece of scidpture, to the 
memory of Dr. Ellis and his family. A neat tablet, at the 
top, inclosed by di apery, and at one side the bust of Mrs. 
Kllis, admirably executed, stands on a tapering pedestal, 
with an inscription carved thereon ; and at the other side 
is the bust of Dr. Ellis on a corresponding pedestal : 
the entire of statuary marble.— The inscription on the 
central tablet is as follows : — 

The issue of the marriage of the Bishop of MEATH and 
Mrs. DIANA ELLIS: 
ANNE, born August 6th, 1707 : married first to Henry Agar, Esq. of 
Gouran. Com. Kilkenny, by whom she had several children : her 
HOond husband was George Dunbar, Esq. Com. Fermanagh : she 
died April 1 Jib, 176>. and was buried in this church. 



120 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST- CHURCH, 



JOHN ELLIS, bom December 25th, 1709 ; died November 10th, 

1711. 
WILLIAM ELLIS, born May 13th, 1711 ; died 21st of same month. 
JOHN ELLIS, bom October 9th, 1712 ; died on 18th same month. 
PHILIP and CHARLES ELLIS, bom January 21st, 1715. 
PHILIP, died May 14th, 1765. CHARLES, August 31bt, 1716. 
DIANA ELLIS, bom August 5, 1716; died May 15th, 1718. 
All buried in this church. 

This tablet was erected to their memory by their only surviving brother, 
the Right Hon. Welbore Ellis. 

The following inscriptions are carved upon the pedes- 
tals:— 



To the memory of the Right 
Rev. Dr. WELBORE ELLIS, 
descended from an ancient fa- 
mily of Keddall Hall, in York- 
shire. Preferred to the Bi- 
shoprick of Kildare, and 
Deanery of Christ-church, Sept. 
22nd, 1705. Translated to 
that of Meath, March 13th, 
1731: one of his Majesty's 
Privy Council. He died Jan. 
1st, 1733, and was buried in 
this church. His only sur- 
viving son, the Right Hon. 
Welbore Ellis, caused this 
monument to be erected. 



To the memory of Mrs. DIANA 
ELLIS, daughter of Sir John 
BRISCOE, of Boughton, in 
Northamptonshire ; and of 
Amhaly Castle in Sussex, Kent, 
and of Lady Anne, only 
daughter of Nicholas, Earl of 
Banbury, by the daughter of 
Mountjoy, Earl of Newport, 
married to Dr. Welbore Ellis, 
Bishop of Kildare, July 20th, 
1706, by whom she had 
many children ; the names of 
which are on the adjacent 
tablet; died in January 1739, 
and was buried in this church. 
Her only surviving son, the 
Right Hon. Welbore Ellis, 
caused this monument to be 
erected. 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 121 



The Transept. 

In this cathedral, probably owing to the fall and de- 
struction by fire of different parts of it, several distinct 
species of architecture may be traced. The Transept, 
which is 90 feet in length, and 25 hi breadth, is chiefly of 
the Saxon order, although the early introduction of the 
pointed arch, with zig-zag decorations, which belong to 
the Saxon or Anglo-Norman style, is visible in an arch 
leading from the southern wing of the Transept into the 
side aisle to the right of the choir. — At the northern ex- 
tremity of the Transept was a portal, now shut up, purely 
Saxon ; this may be distinctly seen on the exterior of the 
cathedral in John's Lane. 

Over the intersection of the Nave and Transept is a 
square tower, of ancient but elegant appearance, in 
which a ring of extremely deep-toned bells is suspended. 
Over the door of the side aisle, on the north side of the 
choir, are the arms of some nobleman, with the date 1577 
at the top, and the motto " Quo fata vocant" beneath. — 
In this year Adam Loftus was Archbishop. 

The Choiu. 

The choir, which is 105 feet long by 28 in breadth, is 
a most extraordinary and tasteless medley of Gothic, 
Grecian, and Italian architecture. — Here the Dean, 
who is always the Bishop of Kildare, and the other 
members of the chapter, have stalls. The Archbishop has a 
throne in this cathedral as well as in St. Patrick's. — The 
walls of the choir are plastered and painted in the 
style of the interior of a private residence ; the ceiling is 



122 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 

a continued concave, with a fashionable cornice. — The 
gallery over each side, which bears in most places the ap- 
pearance of but modern date, is supported by Corinthian 
and Ionic columns, while the Archbishop's throne and the 
cathedral stalls are of carved oak, and in a Gothic style. 
In the gallery is a seat for his Excellency the Lord 
Lieutenant of Ireland, with pillars of the Ionic order, sup- 
porting a flat canopy, not corresponding to any other part 
of the choir. — The reading desk is supported by a brazen 
eagle, with expanded wings, and is a specimen of the worst 
possible taste. — Beneath the gallery, and at the side op- 
posite to his Excellency's seat, the Lord Mayor and Al- 
dermen have seats appropriated to them, for particular 
days in the year ; near the Lord Mayor's seat is one be- 
longing to the Kildare family, as appears from the follow- 
ing inscription on a brass plate set in the wall of the 
pew : 

Thisseate belongs to JOHN, EARLE OF KILDARE, and his family for 
ever, beirg conveyed to him by the Deane and Chapter of Christ- 
church, November 17th, anno Domini, 1696. 

In the same pew are the arms of Sir Edward Griffith, 
of Penrin, in North Wales, cut in stone, beneath which 
is the following inscription : — 

The remains of EDWARD GRIFFITH, of Penrin, in the county 
of Carnarvon, Esq. son and heir to Sir William Griffith, Knight, 
who arrived in this land the 28th day of September, 16ol, and 
died in the 12th of March following, one of the Privy Counsellors, 
and Captain of two hundred and fifty foot men ; erected by Sir 
Nicholas Bagnol, Knight, Marshall of this realme, who married 
Ellen, one of his daughters and co-heirs, and now renewed by Sir 
Ucnry Bagnol, Knight, son and heir to the said Sir Nicholas and 
dame Ellen. 



CATHLDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 123 



Eahl of Kildare's Monument. 

On the left of the high altar is a costly marble monu- 
ment, erected to the memory of Robert, Earl of Kildare, 
great grandfather to his Grace the present duke of Lein- 
ster; the workmanship of H. Cheene, A. D. 1743. — The 
Earl is represented in a recumbent posture ; at his feet 
stands his son, the first Duke of Leinster, and at his head 
stands his countess and his daughter, Lady Hilsborough. 
This is an exquisite piece of workmanship ; but the 
effect is greatly diminished by the antique costumes in 
which the figures, which are all as large as life, are 
habited. — Upon his death-bed he ordered, that but few 
of his servants should follow his remains to the vault 
where they were to be deposited, and also that his body 
should remain unburied as long after his decease as it 
could with propriety, unaided by art. — The inscription is 
as follows : — 

To the memory 

Of 

ROBERT, EARL OF KILDARE, 

The nineteenth of that title in succession, 

And in rank, the first Earl of Ireland. 

He married the Lady Marie O'Bryen, 

Eldest daughter of William, Earl of Inchiquin ; 

By whom he had issue four sons, and eight daughters: 

Of which number, only James, the present Earl, and the Lady Mar- 

garetta, survived him. 

Together with the titles, he inherited the virtues of his noble ancestors, 

And adorned every station he possessed. 

Truth, honour, and justice, directed the whole course of his life: 

Ih. daily devotions of his family, and the public worship in the church, 

were, by his regular attendance, cherished and recommended 



124 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 

Though possessed of a great estate, he managed it with particular pru- 
dence and cDConomy, in order to give a free course to his 
many and great charities. 
He was a disinterested lover of his country, without any affectation of 
popularity; and was beloved of all, not because he sought it, 
but because he deserved it. 
He was a most tender and affectionate husband, an indulgent and pru- 
dent father, a sincere and steady friend. His disconsolate relict, in 
testimony of her gratitude and affection, and the better to recom- 
mend to his descendants the imitation of his excellent example, 
caused this monument to be erected. 
He died the 20th of February, a. d. 1743, 
In the 69th year of his age. 

BiSHor Fletcher's Monument. 

On the south side of the choir and of the altar, is a 
plain white marble tablet, dedicated to the memory of 
Thomas Fletcher, Bishop of Dromore, who was trans- 
lated to the see of Kildare and Deanery of Christ-church, 
28th day of June, A. D. 1745, with this inscription : — 

In a vault near this place lie the remains of THOMAS FLETCHER, 
D. D. for near 16 years Bishop of Kildare and Dean of this 
church. He departed this life on March 18th, 1761, in humble 
hope and expectation of a joyful resurrection. Reader, if thou 
knewest him, thou needest not be told, if he was not known to 
thee, thou wilt not easily conceive, with what exemplary goodness 
and unfeigned piety; with what earnest, but rational and well- 
conducted zeal for the true religion ; with what unwearied patience 
and resignation ; with what engaging cheerfulness, indeed under a 
long, severe, and painful illness; with what solidity of judgment, 
and improving conversation; with what benevolence of mind and 
integrity of heart, he filled up the character of a Christian 
Bishop. 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 



125 



Francis Agard's Monument. 

Near the tablet to the memory of Bishop Fletcher, is 
a monument consecrated to the memory of Francis 
Agard, A. D. 1577; and Lady Cecilia Harrington, his 
daughter and heiress, who married Sir Henry Har- 
rington, A. D. 1584. — The name of this same Francis 
Agard is engraven on a stone at the south side of the 
altar, in the Church of St. Mary, at Beaumaris, in the 
Isle of Anglesea, and historians have hitherto failed in 
explaining who he was, although they were acquainted with 
the other names on the same stone. For the inscription 
here alluded to, see Pennant's Wales, Vol. III. p. 32. 
Francis Agard was Secretary to Sir Henry Sidney, Lord 
Justice of Ireland, and Holinshed says, that Sir Henry 
usually called him his " Fidus Achates." — This, there- 
fore, fully explains the reason of his name being intro- 
duced on the inscription in Beaumaris Church, which is 
on a plate, dedicated to Sir Henry Sidney. This monument 
consists of two divisions, in which are some well-executed 
figures, in small life, of persons in devotional attitudes. 
Beneath is the following inscription in Roman characters : 



Hie situs est FRANCISCUS 
AGARD, Armiger, quondam 
cobortia Equitum in Scotia sub 
domino Seimor dc Sudley Angus 
admirallio prefectus, postea co- 
mitatui Wexfordiac propositus, 
in bello contra O'Nealum 
centum equitum ductor, pro- 
vincial Momoniae commissarius 
primarius, Rcgionum O'Bren 
vt O'Toh) seneacJialius, rcgni 

M 3 



Here lyeth entombed Ladyc 
CECILIA HARRINGTON, 
daughter and eoheyre of 
Francis Agard, Esq. most deare 
and loving wyfe of Syr Henry 
Harrington, Knight, with 
whom, when she had lyved 7 
years, most vertuously, and had 
brought forth two sonnes, 
James and John, she ended 
this life the 8th of September, 



12G LTHEDRAL OF ( IIRIST-CHUIICH. 

Hibemici pa nnnos XXVI in the year, 1581 ; for whose 

(regnantibus Maria et Eliza- memory and her father's, Syr 

betha), consiliarius prudentis- Henry Harrington, Knight, 

simus, Obiit xi Octobris 1577. her loving husband and his suc- 

Cum Henricus Sidneius cessor in office, erected this 

amicus ejus longe honoratis- monument at his own charges, 

simus jam secundo esset 
Hiberniae Prorex ; unaquc se- 
pelitur uxor ejus charissima 
Jacoba de la Brett cum Thoma 
Filiolo. 



Dr. Woodward's Monument. 

This monument, which is exactly over that of Francis 
Agard, is principally remarkable for bearing upon its 
front a musical Epitaph, — Dr. Woodward was organist 
to this cathedral. — Above the musical engraving is the 
following inscription : — 

In the Vault near this place, lie the remains of RICHARD WOOD- 
WARD, Mus. Doc. late Organist of this Church, Vicar Choral of 
St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Preceptor to the Children of the two 
Choirs of Dublin. His love of harmony equally refined his taste 
and regulated his heart, and while it gave melody to his voice 
and composition, added a consonant sweetness to his temper and 
conversation, so that he lived eminently distinguished in his public 
profession, and died universally lamented for his private virtues, 
Nov. 22nd, A. D 1777, in the 54th year of his age : to the 
memory of whose filial duty and affection, his afflicted father de- 
dicates this last sad testimony of parental love. 



St. Mary's Chapel. 

The chapel of St. Mary's, a small building 60 feet 
long, and 28 broad, situated on the north side of the 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST-CHURCH. 127 

choir of this cathedral, is only remarkable for the 
neatness and repair in which it has always been preserved 
by the Dean and Chapter, who permitted the parishioners 
of St. Michael's to make use of it for a considerable 
length of time, while they renewed their parish church, 
which was completely in ruins. — It was built at the 
sole expense of the Earl of Kiidare, but is not used at 
present. 

The cathedral of Christ-church, though exhibiting so 
ruinous an exterior, is in good order, and neatly arranged 
within, owing to the exertions of the Lord Bishop of 
Kiidare, and the chapter of the cathedral. — Divine service 
commences here on Sundays at half past eleven o'clock, 
where the Dean always attends and stimulates by his ex- 
ample. — The choir, which attends at the University 
Chapel at nine o'clock, performs here afterwards, and then 
proceeds to St. Patrick's Cathedral at three. The organ, 
though inferior to that of St. Patrick's, is still a good one, 
and always in perfect repair ; and the difficulty of procuring 
a seat is so great, that a stranger ought to be at the door 
of the cathedral, at eleven o'clock at the latest, — The 
Wide-street commissioners have at length commenced their 
improvements in this neighbourhood, but they have post- 
poned, till it is almost too late, as many years cannot 
elapse before this ancient pile will moulder away ; how- 
ever, for the present, the view of the exterior of the 
cathedral is greatly improved. 

Deanery House. 

The residence of the Dean was in a court-yard at the rear 
of the houses in Fishamble-street, and next to St. John's 
Church ; it is an extensive and handsome brick building, 



1'28 ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH. 

with stone architraves round the windows; but the 
situation was so injudicious, that it was used as the resi- 
dence of the Dean for a very short period ; and the 
present Dean resides in his own private mansion at 
Glasnevin, about one mile from Dublin. 



€i)uvcl)t&. 



ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH. 

In the year 1554, Archbishop Browne erected three 
Prebends in Christ-church, St. Michael's, St. Michaen's, 
and St. John's. — In these churches from that date the 
Roman Catholic service was never performed, for they 
were so erected after Archbishop Browne had embraced 
the reformed religion, he being the first who did so in 
Ireland; and his principal object was, to have chapels 
where the service of the Church of England could be per- 
formed without interruption. 

The chapel of St. Michael is situated in High-street, 
at the corner of Christ-church-lane, immediately opposite 
the western end of the cathedral. Until very lately, it 
was completely in ruins, the steeple being the only 
part standing; but it has been renewed with so 
much taste as to be the neatest building in the parish, 
and a considerable convenience to the inhabitants. — The 
steeple is a very high square belittling, but without a spire, 
in the lower part of which is the portal leading into a ves- 



ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH. 129 

tihule or ante-hall, in which is a shield-formed tablet, to 
the memory of Mr. William Whitshed, for the repair of 
which his descendants allow an annual sum of 2/. The 
inscription is as follows : — 

p. if. s. 

Juxta sepultus jacet 

GULIELMUS WHITSHED, Armiger, 

Thomae incliti non ita pridem Juris Consulti 

Filius celeberrimus. 

Suis ornamento patriae commodo natus. 

In teneris annis spem bonarn florentis a?tatis excitavit, 

Indole admodum felici praeditus. 

Optimis omatus Uteris 

In foro summa legum peritia inclaruit, 

Juris consultus causas egit, suade, strenue, facunde, 

Senator principi studuit simul et patriae 

Egregiis hisce dotibus sibi conciliavit, 

Omnium bonorum vota, 

Georgii primi Regis favorem, 

Cui a secretioribus usque erat consiliis, 

In Banco Regis dum primas tenebat. 

Dein (ipso hoc ornante), 

Summum in curia Coramunium Placitorum eorum obtinuit, 

Utramque provinciam per trcdecim annos exornavit. 

Judex Indefessus, Perspicax, Incorruptus 

Ita se gessit uti virum decet, 

Praematura morte abreptus, ca?]cbs obiit quinquagenarius, 

26 die Augusti, 1727- 



The interior of this chapel is fitted up with great taste 
and neatness, in the pointed style of architecture. — Here 
the corporation of shoe-makers have a seat, but they have 
not yet put up their arms. — The site upon which 
Michael's is erected, has long been the site of a religious 

K 



■ 



130 ITi JOHNS CHURCH. 

establishment, and a chapel was erected on this precise 
spot by Donat, A. D. 107G. This was converted into a 
parish church by Archbishop Talbot, A. D. 1417. The 
second church erected here was in 1676 : in order to 
accomplish which rebuilding, a petition was sent from the 
parishioners to the Earl of Arran, requesting him to 
raise a subscription in his regiment, for the repair of 
their church, as appears from the parish register, dated 
A. D. 1667. — The present beautiful little edifice was 
erected in 1815; the Very Rev. R. Graves, D. D. 
Dean of Ardagh, and late Senior Fellow of Trinity 
College, Dublin, officiates. The number of inhabitants 
in this parish is about 2,500, and the number of houses 
116. 



ST. JOHN'S CHURCH. 

This church, situated in Fishamble-street, at the corner 
of John's-lane, and next the court-yard in front of the 
Deanery, was also erected a Prebend by Archbishop Browne, 
A. D. 1514. The front is a handsome specimen of 
architecture ; four columns of the Doric order, resting on 
a broad landing, the breadth of the front, support an en- 
tablature and triangular pediment ; a broad flight of steps 
conducts to the landing ; there are three entrances in front ; 
a gate in the centre leading to the great aisle, and two door- 
ways leading to the galleries on each side of the church. 
Divine service is performed here at the usual hours by 
one of the prebendaries of Christ-church. Tins parish 
consists of persons in the middle ranks of trade, although 
some over-grown fortunes have been accumulated by 



ST. mhhan's church. 131 

persons residing in Fishamble-street. The number of in- 
habitants amounts to 4,000 and upwards, and the num- 
ber of houses to 300. The interior of the church is plain 
and handsome; the galleries fronted with oak, varnished 
and pannelled. On the front of the gallery, at the north 
side, the arms of the corporation of tailors are suspended, 
with this remarkably appropriate motto in Latin, " I 
was naked, and you clothed me." — The present church is 
of modem date ; in the register of the parish in the 
vestry-room, may be seen the estimate for the re- 
building it in the year 1767, amounting to the sum 
of 1,170/. 3s. 6]d. not more than one-fifth of what it 
would cost at this day; and many protests of the 
parishioners against this extravagant estimate, are regis- 
tered along with it. The church which occupied this 
site before the present building was erected, was raised 
about the year loOO by Arnold Usher; and this suc- 
ceeded a chapel built in the eleventh century. 



ST. MICHAN'S CHURCH. 

The Church of St. Michan, is situated in Church-street, 
at the north side of the river, and a short distance only 
from the law courts. This is also one of the Prebends of 
Christ-church, created by Archbishop Browne. Before 
the year 1700 tins was the only church at the north side 
of the LifTey. It is in form of a cross, extremely large, 
and the best adapted church for hearing in Dublin. — It 
has the appearance of great antiquity, but the steeple 
is comparatively of modern erection. The interior is dis- 
DOaed into pews, and surrounded by a gallery. On the south 
k 2 



132 8T. MI< ban's CHURCH. 

side of the communion table is an old figure of a knight 
in armour, but it is not known whom it repre- 
sents. Against the w r all of the south gallery are sus- 
pended the arms of the Leitrim family, who are depo- 
sited in the vaults. The number of inhabitants in this 
parish amounts to 2,000, and number of houses to 1,560. 

Vaults of St. Michan's. 

The vaults of this church have long been a subject of 
curiosity to the inhabitants of Dublin, and of investigation 
to the philosophic mind, from the extraordinary anti-septic 
power they possess. Bodies deposited here some centuries 
since, are still in such a state of preservation, that their 
features are nearly discernible, and the bones and skin 
quite perfect. A learned chemist in this city published 
an article in a periodical paper, on the appearance of the 
remains deposited in those vaults, from which the 
following is a brief abstract : 

" Not many years since, the high state of preservation of 
the bodies laid here, gave rise to the idea that some reli- 
gious persons placed in those dreary abodes had afforded 
all-powerful protection to their bodies from corruption. 
But the full growth of science in this age is not to be im- 
posed upon, nor likely to be contented with such a sub- 
terfuge, for the explanation of phenomena which were 
capable of being explained. The bodies of those a long 
time deposited, appear in all their awful solitariness, at 
full length, the coffins having mouldered to pieces ; but 
from those, and even the more recently entombed, not 
the least cadaverous smell is discoverable ; and all the 
bodies exhibit a similar appearance, dry, and of a dark 
colour. It is observable of animal matter in general. 



st. michan's church. 133 

that in common cases, from the action of the external air, 
or its own re-action, putrefaction results ; but when 
placed in a temperature not exceeding 32°, the septic 
tendency is considerably counteracted, as the preserva- 
tion of the Mammoth in the Ice-berg would sufficiently 
prove. In this instance, it appears, that the action of the 
fluid was interrupted by cold ; now, if the action of the in- 
closed fluid was altogether destroyed, as is the case in the 
salting of meat, it is plain this would also contribute to 
counteract the septic tendency : whence it follows, that it 
is the moisture which gives life to the putrefactive ferment. 
Now the floor, walls, and atmosphere of the vaults of 
St. Michan's are perfectly dry, the flooring is even 
covered with dust, and the walls are composed of a stone 
peculiarly calculated to resist moisture. This combina- 
tion of circumstances contributes to aid nature in ren- 
dering the atmosphere of those gloomy regions more dry 
than the atmosphere we enjoy. Further, it appears, that 
in none of the bodies deposited here, are any intestines, 
or other parts containing fluid matter to be found, having 
all decayed shortly after burial. In one vault is shown 
the remains of a nun, who died at the advanced age of 
111, and whose remains, of course, according to the 
theory laid down, would be the most likely to oppose 
the putrefying influence ; — the body has now been 30 years 
in this mansion of death ; and although there is scarcely a 
remnant of the coffin, the body is as completely preserved 
as if it had been embalmed, with the exception of the hair. 
In the same vault are to be seen the bodies of two Roman 
Catholic clergymen, which have been 50 years deposited 
here, even more perfect than the nun. — In general, it 
was evident, that the old were much better preserved 
than the young, A convincing proof of this was afForded 



134 ST. MICHAN's 11JU1UH. 

in the instance of a lady, who died in child-birth, and was 
laid in those vaults with her infant in her arms : not long 
after, the infant putrefied and dropped away, while the 
mother became like the other melancholy partners of this 
gloomy habitation. In the year 1798, two brothers, of 
the name of Sheers, were executed the same day for 
high-treason, and after suffering decapitation, were laid 
together in these vaults ; and, as a further demonstration 
that tins anti-septic power is to be attributed to the 
atmosphere peculiar to those regions, the bodies being 
just thrown at the entrance of the vaults, were exposed, in 
a great degree, to the influence of the external atmos- 
phere, in consequence of which they shortly after totally 
decayed." 

These considerations, however foreign to the object of 
this little work, may still be allowed a place, if we con- 
sider, that at least they may be the means of removing 
the errors of superstition. 

In the church-yard of St. Michan's are many tombs, 
dedicated to persons unknown beyond the limits of their 
parish. Here, however, many persons implicated in the 
unfortunate rebellion of 179S were interred; amongst 
them is one very remarkable man, Oliver Bond, who died 
in Newgate the night before he was to have been exe- 
cuted. 

In another part of the church-yard is a monument to 
the memory of Dr. Lucas, the only physician who ever 
sat in Parliament, The reader will find the first dawn 
of this man's greatness, mentioned in the biographical 
sketch of Lord Charlemont's Life by Mr. Hardy, His 
statue is erected in the Exchange, and the inscription on 
his tomb is as follows :— 



ST. MlCUAM's CHURCH. 135 

To the memory of 
CHARLES LUCAS, M. D. formerly one of the Representatives in 
Parliament for the City of Dublin ; whose incorrupt integrity, un- 
conquered spirit, just judgment, and glorious perseverance in the 
great cause of Liberty, Virtue, and his Country, endeared him to 
his grateful constituents. This tomb is placed over his much- 
respected remains, as a small, yet sincere tribute of Remembrance, 
by one of his fellow-citizens and constituents, Sir Edward Newen- 
ham, Knight. 
Lucas ! Hibemia's friend, her joy and pride, 
Her powerful bulwark, and her skilful guide ; 
Firm in the senate, steady to his trust, 
Unmoved by fear, and obstinately just. 

Charles Lucas, born 26th of September, 1713. 
Died November 4th, 1771. 

The parish of St. Michan's is very extensive, and 
composed of different classes of society ; but from the 
situation of the church, the poorer part of the inha- 
bitants are the principal attendants on Divine Wor- 
ship. John Rowley, D. D. is the rector of this parish. 
About two years since, in this church, a man of the 
name of Smyth, church-warden for that year, while 
he was handing round the plate to collect for the 
poor, at a charity sermon, was observed taking some 
of the notes ofF the plate, and putting them into his 
pocket After service he was arrested, his pockets 
searched, and the notes found upon him identified by the 
persons who bestowed them for charitable purposes. 
Upon which he was prosecuted by the other church- 
warden, and transported to Botany-bay. The popula- 
tion of this parish amounts to upwards of 19,000 souls, 
and the number of houses to 1,560. 



136 ST. A u do en's or 



ST. AUDOEVS, OR ST. OWEN'S, CHURCH. 

This ancient church is situated in a narrow passage, 
leading - from Corn-market to Cook-street, on the south 
!>ide of the river. So early as A. D. 1316, when Edward 
Bruce, brother to the King of Scotland, invaded Ireland 
and was approaching Dublin, the citizens destroyed 
the Monastery of St. Saviour's, which was at the 
north side of the river, to procure materials for ex- 
tending the city walls, from St. Owen's to the Quay ; 
at that time this church was 400 feet from the bank of 
the river; and so early as A. D. 1213, Henry de 
Londres, Archbishop of Dublin, is mentioned as having, 
by charter, appropriated this church to the treasurer of 
St Patrick's; and A. D. 11 SI, John Comyn gave tins 
church to the convent of Grace Dieu. —In 1467, it was 
erected into a distinct Prebend, by Archbishop Tre- 
gury, The church originally consisted of the choir, and 
one aisle parallel to the choir, and of equal length, built 
by Lord Portlester ; at the end of this aisle is a steeple, 
with a ring of bells. The present church is only the 
western end of the ancient one, and about three-fourths 
of this venerable edifice are in complete rums. The 
eastern extremity of the choir still exhibits a beautiful 
specimen of the pointed style of architecture : there are 
to be seen here, three arches of the most light and 
elegant construction, On one of the pillars, from which 
those arches spring, is a tablet, the inscription on which 
cannot be readily deciphered ; it is erected to the me- 
mory of a female of the St. Leger family, whose effigy is 
placed at full length at the foot of the pillar.— In the ves- 
tibule of the church is buried Dr. Fairy, Bishop of Kil- 



ST. owen's church. 137 

Jaloe, and two of his sons, who were successively Bishops 
of Ossory. He died of the plague, in Dublin, A. D. 
1650. 

Near this is a large stone, to the memory of the 
Breretons, bearing date May 10th, 1610; and next to 
this another large stone, to mark the burying place of 
Sir Matthew Terrell, Knight, who died, A. D. 1649. 

Under the east window is the tomb of Robert Maple, 
Esq. who died Jan. 8th, A. D. 1618. The family arms 
are carved on the tomb. 

At the south side of the eastern window are the 
figure of a knight, in armour, and his lady, with their 
dogs at their feet ; the figures are remarkably perfect. 
This tomb was erected by Rowland Fitz Eustace, Baron 
Portlester, A. D. 1455, and is placed in the aisle which 
he built at his own expense. On the margin of the tomb 
is the following inscription in the Gothic character: — 

" Orate pro anima" ROWLANDI FITZ EUSTACE DE PORT- 
LESTER, qui hunc locum sive Capellum dedit, in honorem 
bcatac Maria; Virginis, etiam pro anima Margarita; uxoris suae, et 
pro animabus omnium fidcliura defunctorum. 

Lord Portlester was buried at New Abbey, in the 
county Kildare, A. D. 1496, and the title is now extinct. 

On a recess at the south side, where once was a 
window, a shield-like slab of marble is fixed in the wall, 
bearing the following inscription, but no date: — 

Rcvcrcndus ct amabilis vir, JACOBUS WARD, Clounensis Dccanus. 
Vosquotquot cstis, docti, pii, bcnigni, virtutis vera- custodes, o genc- 
rosa; anima;, congratulantes, condolete. Testamenti Executores hoc 
inanifunguntur muncre, ct bcnemcrenti posucrc, nctorpcret vctcnio. 

Sir fajK?! Molyneux had a monument against the 



138 ST. audoen's OR ST. OWEN'S church. 

northern wall of the choir, which has lately been re- 
moved, perhaps for the purpose of being placed in one 
of the cathedrals, though the family continue to be in- 
terred in the vaults of this church. — The Byrnes of 
Cabinteely, in the county of Dublin, have also a monu- 
ment in the eastern end of Lord Portlester's aisle. 

There are, amongst the ruins of this once-beautiful 
edifice, many monuments of wood : the most perfect, is 
one dedicated to the memory of John Malone, Esq. an 
Alderman of Dublin, who departed this life A.D. 1591. 
A stone sarcophagus rests against the south wall of the aisle, 
on which are the names of John Malone and Mary Pen- 
tony. At the west end of the sarcophagus is this in- 
scription :— 

JOHN MALONE, MARY PENTONY, vivit post funcra virtus. 

And on the east, 

Eccc tali domo clauditur omnis homo. 

The monument, which is entirely of wood, is placed 
over the sarcophagus against the wall ; it consists of two 
chambers, in one of which the alderman and his sons 
are represented in the attitude of prayer, and in the 
other his wife and daughters. Over the pediment, winch 
crowns the little structure, are figures of the different 
members of the families of Malone and Pentony. 

In the chancel are many more monuments, some of 
wood, and two, on plates of copper, inserted in a 
pillar opposite the reading desk and pulpit ; one dedi- 
cated to Sir John Peyton, an English Baronet, who was 
buried here, May lf)th, A.D. 1720. — And another with 
the following singular inscription : — 



CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS WITHOUT. 139 

The burial place of Alderman WALTER MOTLEY, the Reverend 
Archdeacon WILLIAM WILLIAMSON, and Alderman GEORGE 
FORBES, and their posterity. Containing ten foot and half from 
the pillar to the middle of the aisle, aud six foot and half in 
breadth, Anno Dom. 17)9- 

Divine service is performed here every day at the 
usual hours. — The present incumbent, is the Rev. Thomas 
Cradock, LL. D. who was installed Prebendary of St. 
Audoen's, Nov. 2nd, A. D. 1776. — There are very few 
Protestants in this parish, though the number of inha- 
bitants amounts to upwards of 5,000, and the number of 
houses to 455. 

The Saint to whom this church is dedicated was Arch- 
bishop of Rouen, in the 9th or 10th century, and died at 
Cleichy in France, two leagues from Paris. His body 
was carried to St. Peter's at Rouen (which has since been 
called St. Audoen's), and there interred. This church it 
is supposed was built by the Normans ; it was formerly 
much venerated, and a steeple raised upon it, which was 
blown down A. D. 1668, and rebuilt at the expense of the 
parishioners in 1670. 



CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS WITHOUT. 

The parish of St. Nicholas is divided into two parts, 
St. Nicholas Within the Walls, which is in Nicholas- 
street, near High-street, and St. Nicholas Without. This 
latter church, which is dedicated to St. Myra, and is 
supposed to have stood in Limerick Alley, may be consi- 
dered coeval with the cathedral of St. Patrick, as it 






140 CHURCH OF bT. NICHOLAS WITHOUT. 

occupied the north transept of the cathedral ; it was 50 
feet in length, and 32 in breadth. — It is now completely 
in ruins ; but to the credit of the Very Reverend the 
Dean of St. Patrick's, preparations are making for the 
restoration of the northern transept, which will render 
the cathedral perfect in form and extent, however it 
may be deficient of its primaeval beauty. — When this 
desirable improvement shall be completed, the Wide- 
street Commissioners will then also lay claim to some 
share of public approbation, for the pains they are 
now taking to beautify and render convenient this and 
every other part of Dublin. — A new street is already 
marked out, and begun, being a continuation of York- 
street, which will form one grand avenue from Stephen's 
Green to St. Patrick's cathedral, which is now without 
one decent, or clean approach. 

A. D. 1708, the parish of St. Nicholas Without was 
divided, and one part constituted a distinct parish, by the 
title of St. Luke's. — A parish church was erected on the 
Coombe, not far from Patrick's-street, and a Glebe-house 
built for the curate. — The nomination, however, of this 
curacy, as well as that of St. Nicholas Without, is 
vested in the chapter of St. Patrick.— The present curate 
is the Reverend Latham Coddington. — Though this 
parish is of small extent, there are upwards of 12,000 
inhabitants within its boundaries, principally of the 
lowest class, and 885 houses. Divine service for the 
parish of St. Nicholas is performed in St. Mary's Chapel, 
to the east of the choir of St. Patrick's. 



st. peter's church. 141 



ST. PETER'S CHURCH. 



The parish of St. Peter's, the largest in Dublin, has also 
the largest church ; it is situated in Aungier-street, op- 
posite York-street. Here, upon all occasions of a very 
public or peculiarly interesting nature, charity sermons 
are delivered, and in this church the celebrated Dean 
Kirwan obtained, by the overpowering influence of his 
eloquence, the enormous sum of 4,000/. per annum for 
charitable purposes, for a series of years. — The present 
church is on an old site, but is a building of modern 
date, and is in the form of a cross ; the pews and front of 
the gallery are pannelled and painted white. Both exte- 
rior and interior of this church are divested of ornament, 
and, except for its size, it would not be worth noticing as 
a public building. — There are a few monuments around 
the gallery walls, undeserving of notice as specimens 
of statuary. In the south gallery is a slab, to the memory 
of Lieutenant-General Archibald Hamilton, an officer 
who had been in the service of King William and Queen 
Anne, and who fought at ths famous siege of London- 
derry, A. D. 16S8. 

In the gallery, at the north side, is a small unassuming 
tablet to two heroes, Lieutenant George Westby, who 
fell at the battle of Fuentcs d'Honor in Spain, May 5th 
1811 ; and his brother Edward, who fell in the ever me- 
morable field of Waterloo, June 18th, A. D. 1815. 

There is an excellent organ in this church ; and indeed 
there are but one or two churches in Dublin, that are not 
provided with organs. 

The respectability and extent of this parish has, con- 



142 st. peter's chuihii. 

sequently, rendered the cemetery attached to the church 
the place of rest for the remains of many noble persons. 
In the church-yard are deposited the remains of the 
Earl of Roden, and many members of that family ; with a 
great number of Bishops, and other dignitaries, whose re- 
spected remains are not distinguished by any more osten- 
tatious decoration than a slab resting on the earth that 
covers them. 

Here is the burying place also of the Dunboyne family ; 
and the celebrated John Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare, and 
Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, is interred at the south 
side of the church-yard, close to the wall, with only a plain 
flag marking the place of his interment. This extraordinary 
man was remarkable for having risen to rank and distinc- 
tion against the united efforts of the great orators of Ire- 
land, G rattan and Curran, to whom he was opposed for a 
series of years : his exertions on the regency question 
were so great as to recommend him to the notice of 
persons in power, in preference to every other candidate ; 
and upon the death of lord Lifford, in 1789, he was 
raised from the Attorney-generalship to the dignified 
station of Chancellor of Ireland. 

The Archdeacon of Dublin is always the vicar of this 
parish, and in consequence of the great quantity of occa- 
sional duty occurring, he employs three curates ; the 
senior curate of this church at present is the Reverend C. 
R. Maturin, A, M. so well known in the literary world as a 
novelist and dramatic poet, and whose sermons, the visiter 
of this metropolis would have reason to congratulate 
himself upon having heard delivered by the Divine, 
from the pulpit of his own church.— The population of 
tins parish is about 1T,000, and the number of houses 
2,225. The great extent also requires the assistance of 



- — .- 



st. kevin's church. 143 

several chapels ; there is one in Kevin-street, where 
Divine service is performed by one of the curates of St. 
Peter's parish on Sundays ; and there is another about 
to be erected in Upper Mount-street, Merrion-square. 






ST. KEVIN'S CHURCH. 



The chapel of St, Kevin is an assistant to that of St. 
Peter's ; and consequently the Archdeacon of Dublin is 
the Vicar. The vicarage of St. Kevin was formerly in 
the gift of the Archbishop of Dublin, and was usually 
bestowed upon his vicar choral, whom, as prebendary of 
Collen, he was bound to provide for. — The Dean and 
Chapter of St, Patrick's are now the Rectors, but the 
vicarage has been united to the Archdeaconry of Dublin. 
Upon this site a chapel was built some time in the 
fifteenth century, dedicated to St. Coemgen or St. Kevin. 
The present church, which is, comparatively speak- 
ing, of recent date, is in the shape of the letter T, a 
plain building, more like a village church, than a house 
of worship in the metropolis of a kingdom : there is 
no gallery in the interior, nor any monument. — The 
church is surrounded by an extensive cemetery, filled 
with countless tomb stones, but none of them dedi- 
cated to persons of rank, or distinction, nor remarkable 
for the beauty of their sculpture. 

Near a small door in the church-yard is a monument in 
the fonn of an obelisk, enclosed by an iron railing, to the 
memory of the Reverend John Austin of the Jesuit order, 
A. D. 17 81. And to the left of the principal entrance into 



-- - - -^ 



,_^ 



144 st. weruuiujh's church. 

the church-yard from Church-lane, is a small stone, not 
more than 20 inches in height, said to have been found 
in sinking- for the foundation of the present church, de- 
dicated to the memory of Henry Oliver, aged 136 years. 

Divine service is very numerously attended at tliis 
church, owing to the difficulty of procuring seats in St. 
Peter's ; the entrance is from Church-lane in Kevin-street. 
The parish of St. Kevin being part of the parish of St. 
Peter's, the amount of its inhabitants is included in the 
estimate of the population of that parish. 



ST. WEllBURGH'S CHURCH. 

The church of St. Werburgh is situated in the street 
of the same name, and only a few yards from the inter- 
section of Castle-street, Skinner-row, Fishamble-street, 
and Werburgh-street. It is dedicated to St. Werburgh, 
daughter of Wulherus, King of Mercia, who is entombed 
in the cathedral of Chester. — The old church of St. Wer- 
burgh, built by the inhabitants of Bristol, in the reign of 
King Henry II. on the site of St. Martin's Church, 
occupied this site, but was destroyed by fire, with a 
great part of the city, A. D. 1300, only thirteen years 
after the destruction of Christ-church cathedral by the 
same element ; it was, however, shortly after rebuilt, 
and a set of chimes hung therein, A. D. 1748. — In 
the year 1754 it was burned down a second time, and 
rebuilt in a very beautiful style, A. D. 1759, the same 
year in which the grand front of Trinity College was 
finished. — The front of this church is particularly beau- 
tiful ; it consists of several stories, which, though fre- 



ST. werburgh's church. 145 

quently altered, owing to the repeated accidents that 
have happened to this building, still preserve considerable 
beauty and consistency. — In the basement story six Ionic 
columns support a handsome plain entablature ; in tliis 
story are three entrances, a large gate in the centre, over 
which is a semi-circular pediment, and small door- 
ways on each side, leading to the north and south gal- 
leries; over which are windows, lighting the stair- 
cases, ornamented with architraves and crowned with pe- 
diments. — The second story is of the Corinthian order, in 
which a large window, lighting the bell-loft, is placed, 
much ornamented, and crowned with a pediment. — The 
next is the belfry- story, which is square, and ornamented 
at its angles by Composite half-pillars. Above this story 
is a low parapet or pedestal, from which the spire, 
which has been taken down, rose gradually. 

The spire was, perhaps, the lightest and most elegant 
to be seen in Ireland, the upper part of which, ter- 
minated by a cross at first, afterwards by a gilt ball, 
was supported by eight rusticated pillars, with intervals 
between ; but, either from the perishable nature of 
the stone, or some defect in the building, it ap- 
peared inclined from its perpendicularity ; and though 
Francis Johnston, Esq. whose labours we have had occa- 
sion to speak of very frequently, undertook to secure the 
spire, such was the alarm of the inhabitants, that 
they insisted upon its being immediately taken down, 
which was accordingly done in 1810. — The removal 
of this spire was a considerable loss to a city which only 
boasted of two, viz. St. Patrick's and St. Werburgh's; the 
former of which, from its situation, is only visible in par- 
ticular positions ; but the ingenious architect who under- 
took to support the spire of St. Werburgh's, lias since 
i 



M^— ^— jlfcin ii ^ -^ ■■ i i i i '*rf 



140 ST. WEUBURGU'S CHURCH. 

supplied its loss by the erection of St. George's, a more 
beautiful edifice, and more advantageously situated. The 
interior of the church is venerable and elegant: the pews 
are of oak, and the front of the gallery is also of oak, 
carved and pannelled. 

The royal arms are hung in front of the organ loft: ; 
and the organ, which is considered remarkably fine, cost 
400 guineas.— In the south gallery are two handsome 
monuments to Mrs. Arthur and Mrs. Benjamin Guinness, 
the wives of brothers of that name, brewers in Dublin; 
men extremely conspicuous for piety, integrity, and 
many Christian virtues ; but, above all, charity. — On the 
south side of the church, in the passage leading to the 
church-yard, there are several figures of very ancient date ; 
next the door are eight, executed in small life, and dressed 
in pontifical habits J to the east of those are two whole 
length figures of a knight in armour and his lady lying 
beside him, both much effaced ; no register remains of their 
interment, the archives of this church being destroyed 
by fire. There are four other figures not far from 
those, also placed in the wall, evidently scriptural cha- 
racters. In the vaults of this church lie the remains 
of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, brother to the late Duke of 
Leinster, who died in Newgate, A. D. 1798, of the 
wounds he received in resisting the officers who arrested 
him. His family have since been restored by Parliament 
to the enjoyment of their property and the confidence of the 
Crown, in consideration of the services of his lordship's son 
in the peninsular war. Here also are interred the remains of 
Sir James Ware the antiquarian, but there are no monu- 
ments to the memories of either. — Edwin the player is 
also interred here ; and on the tomb marking his place of 
rest, a bitter reproach is engraved, against the author of 



st. mary's church. 147 

the Familiar Epistles, the severity of which is stated to 
have caused his premature death. — The population of St. 
Werburgh's parish amounts to about 4,000 souls, and 
the number of houses to 2G9. — In this church the Lord 
Lieutenant has a seat, which, however, since the re- 
building of the Castle chapel, he never uses, except on 
the day of the charity sermon. — Divine service is per- 
formed here every day. The present incumbent is the 
Reverend H. Guinness, D. D. 



ST. MARY'S CHURCH. 

The parish church of St. Mary's is situated in Mary- 
street, in the part intercepted between Stafford-street and 
Jervis-street. — The front of this church is scarcely de- 
serving of description ; it consists merely of a great gate, 
with Ionic columns on each side, and two smaller entrances 
leading to the galleries, over which are windows of 
clumsy workmanship, ornamented with stone architraves. 
— Above the vestibule is a square tower, or belfry, of an 
unpicturesque appearance, so that on the whole, the con- 
venience of its situation, being in the very centre of the 
parish, is the only advantage the parishioners have to 
congratulate themselves upon with regard to this edifice. 

The interior, which measures 80 feet by 55, is in the 
same heavy style of decoration ; and although it has 
the appearance of great antiquity, this is altogether 
attributable to the tasteless style in which it was ori- 
ginally erected, for the date of its foundation is 1697. 
The interior, though not elegant, is extremely com- 
fortable ; a gallery extends quite round the church, 
L 2 



~r- . - 



1 Ifl sr. mauy's church. 

(with the exception of the eastern end, in which is a 
large window with a circular head), and is lighted 
by circular-headed windows, without any ornament. 
The gallery is supported by large oak pillars, which 
assume the Ionic order after they reach the gallery, 
whence they are continued to the ceiling. There are 
many monuments in this church, placed against the 
side walls. At the south side of the communion- 
table, at a great elevation from the ground, is a tablet, 
to the memory of Edward Tenison, Bishop of Ossory, 
who died Sept. 29th, 1735; and on the other side 
is one to the memory of Richard Nulty, Nor. 10th, 
1729. — In the north gallery is a tablet to Mrs. New- 
come, a member of the Doyley family, who died 
30th Dec. 1769. In the same gallery, and next the 
monument of Mrs. Newcome, is that of Dr. Law, which 
was erected at the public expense, as a tribute of public 
esteem. The inscription is as follows : — 

Sacred to the memory of the Rev. ROBERT LAW, D. D. 
Late Rector of the parish of St. Mary, 
Who departed this life June 11th, 1789. 
The parishioners of St. Mary caused this monument to be erected, 
in testimony of the high veneration and esteem in which they 
ever held their truly excellent and beloved Pastor; whose unre- 
mitting attention, during a period of seventeen years, to the ardu- 
ous and important offices of his station, whose faithful discharge 
of his various duties, and whose constant, tender, and pious zeal, 
for their temporal and eternal welfare, justly endeared him to the 
grateful affections of his whole flock ; and whose afflicting loss, 
alas ! will be long severely felt by the poor, deeply regretted by 
the rich, and sincerely lamented by all. 

In the south gallery is a large marble slab, enclosed in 
a frame of black marble, bearing a very long inscription 



ST. mary's church. 149 

to the memory of Mrs. Chevenin, daughter of Colonel 
Dives, of Bedfordshire, and wife of the Bishop of Water- 
ford and Lismore ; she was the friend and intimate of the 
Princess of Orange and the Countess of Chesterfield. — She 
died A.D. 1752. 

Id the same gallery are two small tablets, one to 
the memory of Gorges Edmond Howard, and another to 
that of Dean Fletcher. 

In the aisle, at the south side of the church, is a hand- 
some monument, the workmanship of Edward Smyth, 
erected at the public expense. — It exhibits a white slab 
on a grey ground, surmounted by an opened Bible and a 
funeral urn. The inscription (which is the composition 
of Mr. Andrew Knox) is as follows: — 

To the memory of 
Mr. WILLIAM WATSON, A. B. T. C. D. 
He was respected as a citizen, amiable as a man, and venerable as 
a Christian. In youth he was virtuous, in manhood he was con- 
scientious, in advancing years he was exemplary; and earnest to 
be the instrument of communicating that to others which he found 
to be his own best security and truest happiness. He conceived 
and shortly saw accomplished, the plan of an Association (now in- 
corporated by Act of Parliament) for discountenancing Vice, and 
promoting the knowledge and practice of the Christian Religion. 
The members of which body, desirous to express their gratitude 
and prolong the influence of his example, have erected this mo- 
nument. He departed this life 'JCtli of May, 1805. Aged 72 years. 
Reader, whatever be thy rank in life, thou wilt truly advance 
thyself by emulating the modest excellence of William Watson. 

On the lea\ es of the volume, above the tablet, are these 

words: — " Search the Sci i fit arcs, for in them ye think ye 

linn- eternal life, and they arc then which testify of me" 

•lolm, ehap. v, verse 29; beneath is the seal of the} 

iation. 



130 ST. annl's church. 

The burying-ground attached to this church is of con- 
siderable dimensions, but is still too small for the extent 
of the parish. Here many highly distinguished persons 
have been interred. Among the numerous tombs which 
crowd this cemetery, are those of Baroness Maydell, 
who died in 1818 ; the Bishop of Waterford, Dr. Marlow, 
uncle to the late Henry Grattan ; Mrs. Mercer, the 
founder of Mercer's Hospital ; and Mr. Simpson, who 
endowed the hospital for the blind and those labouring 
with the gout. — Not far from the south wall of the church 
is a monument of an officer, who served under four different 
sovereigns of England. The inscription is as follows : — 

Here lyes the body of LIEUTENANT COLONEL JAMES HORNE, 
late of the Royal Scots ; he was son of Sir John Home, of Black- 
adder, in the shire of Berwick, in Scotland ; he served the crown 
of Great Britain for 53 years, under King William, Queen Anne, 
George the First, and George the Second. He departed this life 
July 26th, a. d. 1714. 71 years of age. 

The parish of St. Mary is very extensive, and com- 
prises some of the most fashionable parts of the city ; the 
population amounts to about 17,000 persons, and there 
are 1,905 houses in this parish. Divine service is cele- 
brated here every week-day at eleven o'clock precisely, 
and every Sunday at twelve. 



ST. ANNE'S CHURCH. 



The church of St. Anne is situated in Daw son-street, 
opposite Anne-street, and within a few yards of the Man- 
sion, or Mayoralty House ; its site was granted to the 
parishioners of St. Bridget's, 1707, by Joshua Dawson, 
esq. and from that period St. Anne's was erected into a 



ST. ANNL'S CHURCH. 151 

distinct parish. — The front is a tolerably well designed 
piece of architecture, after a design by Mr. Smith, 
architect, consisting of a grand portal with half 
columns of the Doric order; there are smaller 
entrances on each side, with ornamented windows over 
each, lighting the stairs which lead to the gallery. 
The upper part of the front, having neither cupola nor 
6teeple, has an exceedingly unfinished appearance. The 
interior is spacious and disposed with good taste ; the 
gallery is supported by pillars of carved oak, and fronted 
with the same : in the south gallery is a seat, with a 
canopy over it, formerly belonging to the Dukes of 
Leinster, to whose residence (now converted into the 
Dublin Society's house) this seat is attached. Exactly 
opposite is a seat of corresponding appearance, belonging 
to Robert Shaw, esq. member of parliament for the 
city of Dublin. —The parishioners of this church are 
rather the higher classes of society, as it is in a most 
respectable and fashionable neighbourhood. 

At the east end of the south gallery is a handsome 
monument, consisting of a pediment of white marble, sup- 
ported by two cherubim, one on each side, who are re- 
presented as looking at a bust of statuary marble, be- 
neath the pediment. 

Against the wall of the south gallery, in one of the 
piers, is a beautifully executed monument, to the me- 
mory of Miss Elizabeth Phibbs. A female figure is 
represented leaning over a funeral urn, in a mournful at- 
titude ; the figure and urn are of white marble, and the 
former is in small life ; the ground is of variegated marble. 
It is one of the best performances of Edward Smyth. 

On the north side of the communion-table, at a consi- 
derable height, is a tablet, to the memory of Sir Robert 



158 st. Bridget's, or st. bride's church. 

Maude, bearing date August 4th, 1750; this is almost 
effaced. 

The church-yard, at the rear of this church, is crowded 
beyond example, and to a dangerous extent : the grave- 
stones are placed against the end and sides of the church. 
— In this cemetery are deposited the remains of many 
noble and learned individuals. Dr. Brocas, Dean of Kil- 
laloe; Lord Rosmore; General Anthony St. Leger; Dr. 
Stopford, Bishop of Cloyne; Right Hon. Lieut Gen. 
Pomeroy, and many others of equal rank. 

The present vicar is the Hon. and Reverend John 
Pomeroy, who is assisted in the discharge of the arduous 
duties of this populous and highly respectable parish by 
two curates. — Divine service is celebrated here, and in 
every church in Dublin, at eleven o'clock every day, ex- 
cept Sunday, when it commences at twelve. — The popu- 
lation of this parish probably amounts to 8,000 indivi- 
duals, and the number of houses to 753. 



ST. BRIDGET'S, OR ST. BRIDE'S CHURCH. 

The parish church of St. Bride, is situated in a street of 
the same name, and at the comer of Bride's Alley. John 
Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, A. D. 1181, granted this 
church to the cathedral of St. Patrick's ; but it appears 
from a note in Mason's Hibernia, that before that time it 
belonged to the cathedral of the Holy Trinity or Christ- 
church. This appears from the grant of Laurence 
O'Toole, who was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin, 
A. D. 1162. This parish consists of a union of three 
smaller parishes, the ancient St. Bride's, St. Stephen's 



st. Bridget's, or sr. bride's church, 153 

and St. Michael de la Pole. The tower and monument of 
Michael de la Pole remained until 1706, at which 
period they were in the possession of John Jones, D. D. to 
whom they were entrusted by the chapter of St. Patrick's ; 
and John Jones kept a school in the ancient church, A. D. 
1706. The chapter issued an order to Jones for the pre- 
servation of those monuments ; but a mere edict cannot 
support a falling' heap, and now no traces of church, tower, 
or monument of St. Michael de la Pole can be found. 
However, on the same site a school-house is built, where 
the poor children of Bride's parish are clothed and edu- 
cated. There is a small space of ground adjoining the 
school-house still used as a burying-place. The entrance 
is through a narrow dark passage in Great Ship-street ; it 
is marked by a stone placed over the door- way directing 
to the school of St. Michael de la Pole. 

The exterior of St. Bride's church is more like that of a 
meeting-house belonging to some religious sect, than a 
church of the established religion. In the eastern end, a 
thing very unusual, are two large circular-headed 
windows, and at the top of the pediment-formed gable is a 
clock. The principal entrance is in Bride's Alley. 

The interior of the church is particularly neat and com- 
fortable ; the communion-table and altar are placed be- 
tween the two great windows, and a handsome cornice is 
carried round the ceiling; the gallery extends from each 
side of the east end round the church, the front is painted 
white ; against the back walls arc a few monuments. In 
the north gallery is a monument to the memory of Mrs. 
Pleasants, wife to Mr. Pleasants, so celebrated in the an- 
nals of Dublin for the extent and number of his charitable 
donations. Amongst his excellent bequests was a sum 
of 4,000/. for the erection of a stove-house or tenter-house 



104 st. george's church. 

in the liberty ; 5,000/. for building a splendid entrance 
to the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin ; and a yearly income 
for the support of 30 female children, who are to be 
clothed, educated, and portioned in marriage : which latter 
institution is conducted according to the most sanguine 
expectations of the founder, at a house purchased for the 
purpose in Camden-street. The monument consists of 
the family arms at the top, in white marble, beneath which 
is a funeral urn, resting on a small sarcophagus, both of 
white marble, and placed on a grey marble ground ; on 
the side of the sarcophagus is an inscription in affectionate 
and feeling language. In the western hall, behind the 
organ, is a small tablet to the memory of Sir William 
Cooper, Bart. Member of Parliament for the borough of 
Hilsborough. And in the small cemetery is a tomb to 
the memory of the Domvilles, and behind, another to 
Mr. Pleasants. Here also may be seen the tomb of 
O'Hanlon, keeper of the record tower in Dublin Castle, 
who was killed by Howley, one of the insurgents, A. D. 
1803, in attempting to arrest him. — The inhabitants of 
this parish are about 8,000 in number, and there are 
710 dwelling houses. 



ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH. 



On the north side of the city, in a crescent caked 
Hardwicke Place, from Philip, Earl of Hardwicke, Lord 
Lieutenant of Ireland, stands the parish church of St. 
George. The first view of this church is imposing ; the 
front may be seen directly from Hardwickc-strcel, and 
oblique views equally beautiful are afforded from Eccles- 
street and Tcmplc-strcct ; so that the general complaint 
against the situations of most of our public buildings, 



st. george's church. 155 

is altogether groundless in this particular instance, and 
the site itself too, is the most elevated ground in Dublin, 
except the upper end of Eccles-street. 

The principal front, towards Hardwicke-street, is 92 
feet wide, and consists of a majestic portico of four fluted 
Ionic columns, 3j feet in diameter, supporting an entabla- 
ture and pediment ; on the frieze of which, is a Greek 
inscription, signifying — 

Glory to God in the highest. 

The portico rests on a landing, accessible by a flight of 
steps, the entire breadth of itself, viz. 42 feet, and the pro- 
jection of the portico is 1.5 feet. 

The body of the church has, besides, three fronts of the 
Ionic order, and being without a church-yard, the rec- 
tangle in which the church stands is surrounded by a 
square of small neat houses, and affords not only an unin- 
terrupted view of each front, but a less dreary prospect 
than the neglected cemeteries around the Irish churches 
in general afford. There are five entrances, one in front, 
beneath the portico which conducts into the vestibule be- 
low the steeple, and two in each side. At the eastern 
end is a projecting building of 22 feet in breadth and 40 
in length : here are the parish school and vestry-room ; 
and those appendages are rather an ornament than an 
excrescence. 

Over the grand entrance and immediately behind the 
portico, rises the steeple, exceeding any ever erected in 
Dublin, both in the justness of its proportions and the per- 
fection of its execution. This permanent monument of 
the ability and taste of the architect, Francis Johnston, 
Esq., is 200 feet in height, and consists of five stories 
above the roofj and a spire. The first story is a square 



156 st. george's church. 

tower, ornamented at the angles by Ionic columns, sup- 
porting an entablature continued all round, and in the 
centre of each side is a large circular-headed window, richly 
ornamented. Above this is the clock story, the angles of 
which are adorned by large urns, of admirable workman- 
ship ; and over the clocks are festoons of carved stone, 
gracefully terminating at each side. The third story is 
an octagonal tower, the angles of which are occupied by 
small pillars, and the intervals between the pillars are 
pannels, with a circular aperture in the centre of each. At 
the next story, the convergence of the spire, which is also 
octagonal, commences, and continues with the most gra- 
dual inclination to its termination, hi a ball and stone 
cross on the pinnacle. 

The interior is in a corresponding style of taste and 
magnificence : a large rectangular apartment, 80 feet by 
60, surrounded by a gallery, which appears supported by 
the extremities of the joists in the wall, is divided on the 
basement story into square compartments, containing the 
pews, to which are convenient passages leading from the 
centre and side aisles. The lower story of the church is 
encompassed by a passage, or corridore, on the side walls 
of which the floor of the gallery rests, and, projecting 
beyond the corridore, has the appearance of being 
without any support, except from the cantalivers 
which rest in the rear wall. The pulpit, reading-desk, 
and communion-table, are placed in a recess at the east 
end of the church, and it is intended to place an organ in 
the gallery story just opposite. — Contributions have been 
given by several inhabitants of this highly respectable 
and wealthy parish for this purpose ; one of the con- 
tributors is the ingenious architect, alter whose design 
this great ornament of Dublin has been erected ; and. 



st. George's chapel, or church. 157 

what is very strange, this is the only parish-church in 
Dublin without an organ. 

Divine service is celebrated here every day, and in 
consequence of the respectability and number of the 
inhabitants, is generally well attended. — The Rev. W. 
Bushe, A. M. is rector.— The population of this parish 
is estimated at 7,000, and the number of houses amounts 
to 1,029. 



ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, OR LITTLE GEORGE'S 
CHURCH. 

Not far from the parish-church of St. George, in Lower 
Temple-street, stands the old parish church, commonly 
called Little George's, built in 1698. This place of wor- 
ship becoming too small in proportion to the extent, 
and too much decayed in proportion to the wealth 
and respectability of the persons frequenting it, Great 
George's was erected in 1793. The old church continues, 
however, to be used as a chapel, and a chaplain performs 
duty every Sunday and holy-day. The entrance is 
beneath an old square steeple, about 40 feet in height. 
The interior is small, but comfortable, adorned with a few 
monuments of neat execution, particularly one to the 
memory of Lady Galbraith, on the south side of the com- 
munion-table. The communion-table is in a recess at 
the eastern end, and lighted by a large circular-headed 
window. In the west, over the entrance, is a small 
gallery, badly lighted. 

The cemetery of St. George's parish attached to this 
chapel, is crowded in a most shameful manner, and 
the surface of the church-yard is several feet above the 
level of the exterior ground: this scandalous proceeding 



loS st. Thomas's church. 

calls loudly for reformation. Before the building of this 
chapel, St. George's church stood at the south side of the 
city, where George's-lane is now built. 



ST. THOMAS'S CHURCH. 

This very neat and beautiful structure forms the chief 
ornament of the neighbourhood : its situation, immediately 
opposite to Gloucester-street, is peculiarly well-chosen ; 
and if it had been elevated a little more, and approached 
by a flight of steps, would have had a majestic appearance. 
Had a steeple also been erected on this basement, the want 
of elevation would be less obvious. — The foundation of 
this church was laid in 1758; the design is from one by 
Palladio. In the same year a statue of George II. 
was erected in Stephen's Green, and the Theatre Royal 
re-opened, the patent of which expired last year. — The 
architect of this church and of St. Catherine's in Thomas- 
street, was Mr. John Smith. 

The front of this church consists of two pilasters, 
and two three-quarter columns of the Composite order, 
which support an entablature and pediment. In the 
centre is a grand door-way of the Corinthian order, 
crowned by an angular pediment. The entablature is 
continued from the centre, on each side of the principal 
entrance, to the extremity of the front, where it terminates 
in a Corinthian pilaster. On each side are niches decorated 
with Corinthian pilasters, and crowned with pediments. 
The entrances to the galleries are in the north and 
south ends of the projecting front, in recesses formed by 
circular curtain walls connecting two advanced gates, one 



ST. THOMAS'S CHURCH. 139 

on each side, with the building itself, and giving the ap- 
pearance of a very extended front 

The want of a steeple to this very beautiful little 
edifice is rendered doubly apparent by viewing the front 
from Gloucester-street ; there the body of the church, 
a huge shapeless bulk, with an enormous roof, towers 
above this elegant Palladian composition, and hurts the 
eye of every passenger; but it is the intention of the 
parishioners to remedy this evil very shortly, by the 
erection of a very beautiful steeple, the design of Mr. 
Baker, an architect of eminence in Dublin. 

The interior of St. Thomas is extremely well designed 
and executed : its length is about 80 feet, along the whole 
extent of which run galleries, supported by fluted Corin- 
thian pillars of carved oak, varnished over ; the front 
of the gallery is also of oak, higlily varnished, pannelled, 
and ornamented with festoons, and various other orna- 
ments. The gallery is lighted by five large windows in 
each side, which also afford ample light to the whole 
building, and do not interrupt the entablature which 
passes over them, and is continued all round. The east 
and west ends are occupied by two grand arches, de- 
corated with coupled Corinthian columns on pedestals, 
which rise to the ceiling, and meet the entablature. In 
the western arch is the organ and galleries for the 
parish children, within the eastern one is a recess, in 
which are the pulpit and reading desk ; and in the front 
of these the communion-table. The recess is highly or- 
namented with stucco-work, and lighted from above by 
two circular windows in the roof, and a Dioclesian window 
in the eastern wall, with the Hebrew word Jehovah, 
painted on canvas, placed in it. There are no monu- 
ments in the interior, but the cemetery attached to tins 



100 st. Catherine's church. 

church contains the mortal remains of many illustrious 
families. 

Divine service is performed here every day at the 
usual hours ; the Rev. Arthur M'Guire, A. M. is rector. 
There are about 10,000 inhabitants in St. Thomas's parish, 
and 1,219 houses. — The estimate of the population given 
in this work is taken from Whitelaw, but that nume- 
ration was never quite correct, and besides, it was made 
11 years since, so that it cannot be very exact at the 
present period, 1821. 



ST. CATHERINE'S CHURCH. 

The parish church of St. Catherine is situated in 
Thomas-street, at the south side of the river, in a very 
elevated situation, almost on the site of the abbey of St. 
Thomas, which is said to have stood in Thomas Court. 
The present parish was originally united with that of St. 
James, and the first church erected on the present site, 
was in 1185; but in the year 1710, an act was passed 
disuniting those parishes, the presentation to both rest- 
ing in the Earl of Meath. 

The front of St. Catherine is built of granite-stone ; in 
the centre four Doric semi-columns support a pediment, 
and in the interval of the central columns is the principal 
entrance, between two columns of the Ionic order, support- 
ing a semi-circular pediment. The entablature, adorned 
with triglyphs, is carried along the entire front, and ter- 
minates in coupled pilasters. The front presents two 
stories, the windows of both which have carved architraves, 
and are circular headed. At the west end stands a tower, 
containing the belfry, in which five bells were hung, 
1670. The original intention was to erect a steeple and 



ST. CATHERINE'S CHURCH. 1G1 

spire, but the idea appears to have been totally abandoned 
of late. 

The interior of this church is remarkably imposing, and 
exhibits excellent taste ; it resembles those of St. Thomas, 
St. Werburgh, and St. Anne, but in internal decorations 
is still superior to all of them. Though the design 
is by Mr. Smith, the architect of St. Thomas's, yet St. 
Catherine's appears to have been finished in a more 
elaborate style. The pews and the front of the gallery 
are of carved oak, highly varnished. The organ is 
large and ornamented, and two handsome galleries are 
erected, one at each side of the organ, for the parish 
children ; in these galleries, the boys educated at one of 
the schools founded by Sir Erasmus Smyth, in Pimlico, 
are henceforth to sit during Divine service every Sunday. 
The communion-table stands in a recess, beautifully de- 
corated with stucco-work, and has a handsome arched 
ceiling, also richly ornamented. — Though the parish of 
St. Catherine is of great extent and very populous, 
yet the Protestant parishioners have ample accommoda- 
tion here, the church being 80 feet in length, and about 
50 in breadth. 

The cemetery belonging to St. Catherine's is about 
180 feet in length by 80 in breadth, and is now almost dis- 
used, owing to the poorer classes in the parish preferring 
to inter their relatives in country church-yards. There 
are no monuments deserving notice, except that of Dr. 
Whitelaw, the historian of Dublin, which is placed 
near the door of the vestry-room, with an inscription, 
stating, that he died of a fever caught in the discharge 
of his clerical duties. But as there is another tablet 
to his memory in the interior of the church, erected 
at the expense of the parishioners, perhaps the inscription 



109 -r. < amifrine's cmuimii. 

w hull is to bo tbtlnd on that stone, would be more interest- 
ing, and more worthy of record : — 

In commemoration of the 
Rev. JAMES WHITELAW, A. B. 

Who entered into rest on the 4th day of February, 1813. Aged 55. 

Tlits tablet was erected by the parishioners of St. Catherine's. For 
25 years vicar of this parish, he held forth the word of life by 
precept and example. With a mind enlarged and adorned by 
science, on principle he became a Christian; as a minister of 
Christ Jesus, he warned the wanderer, he reproved the profane, 
he comforted the mourner, and was, in the discharge of all his 
duties, in wisdom a man, in humility a child: charity, unknowing 
sect or party, reigned in his heart. Reader, follow his faith and 
conversation, and thus sowing unto the spirit, you shall of the 
spirit reap an everlasting life. — Amen, 

At the end of the south gallery, and immediately over 
the monument of Dr. Whitelaw, is a large tablet of 
white marble, dedicated to the memory of J. Stackpole, 
Esq. Barrister at Law. 

Beneath the communion-table, in a vault, are depo- 
sited the mortal remains of the Earls of Meath and their 
offspring ; but no monument has ever been erected to 
their memories. On the north side of the communion- 
table is a small tablet, sacred to the memory of an ex- 
ceedingly ingenious engineer, to whom the inhabitants of 
Dublin are much indebted. It bears the following in- 
scription : — 

To the memory of WILLIAM MYLNE, Architect and Engineer, 
from Edinburgh, who died, aged 56, March 1790, and whose re- 
mains are laid in the church-yard adjoining. This tablet was 
placed by Ins brother, Robert Mylne, of London, to inform pos- 
terity of the uncommon zeal, integrity, and skill, with which he 
formed, enlarged, and established, on a perfect system, the Water- 
Works of Dublin. 



sr. jamcs's church. 163 

There are no other monuments or inscriptions ; but 
from the extreme elegance with which the church is fitted 
up, their absence is not observed. — The vicar of the parish 
of St. Catherine is the Reverend W. Whitelaw, brother 
to the historian. — The population has been calculated as 
amounting- to 20,000 persons, and the number of houses 
to l,o 72. 



ST. JAMES'S CHURCH. 



In James's-street, opposite a large fountain in the 
form of an obelisk, ornamented by four sun-dials, is 
the Parish Church of St. James. The exterior is un- 
like the place of worship of a populous parish, being a 
long, low, narrow building, with six windows in each side, 
with circular heads. The interior is in a corresponding 
style: one row of pews on each side, of pannelled oak, 
but not varnished, constitutes the accommodation for 
the parishioners ; there is, beside, a small organ loft, with 
scats for the parish children, and an organ sufficiently 
large and well toned. The communion-table is in a shell- 
formed recess, in the back of which is a glory, executed 
in stucco work, but by no means in a masterly manner. 

On the north side of the chancel is a stone of rude ap- 
pearance, bearing this inscription : — 

This monument was erected by Mark Rainsford, of the City of 
Dublin, Alderman, 1693. 

The date of this monument is antecedent to the erec- 
tion of this church, A, D. 1707, and also to its nomination, 
as a distinct parish from St. Catherine's, which took place 
A.D. 1710. On the south side, near the connnunion- 
m2 



164 st. James's church. 

table, is a tolerably- well-executed piece of sculpture, to 
the memory of Mr. Cook ; and immediately opposite, 
another to the memory of the Rev. John Ellis, 31 years 
vicar of this parish. On one side, a Bible is represented, 
in white marble, and on the summit a funeral urn, ap- 
pearing beneath drapery. Beneath this tomb also lie 
the remains of William Ellis, governor of Patna, who 
fell in the dreadful massacre of 17G7. 

The cemetery of St. James is the most remarkable 
object connected with the church. Here are to be seen 
innumerable tombs, most of them placed over vaults, 
erected at the individual expense of the relatives of the 
deceased, who purchased the right of interment. This 
church-yard has long been marked out by the inhabitants 
of the liberties as a most desirable cemetery for the in- 
terment of their friends ; and during the fair of St. 
James, which is held in James's-street, opposite the gate 
of the church-yard, they deck the graves with garlands 
and ornaments, made of white paper, disposed into very 
extraordinary forms. 

In the center of the church-yard is a monument of 
gigantic appearance, to the memory of Theobald Butler, 
an Irish Barrister, who assisted in framing the articles of 
Limerick, in 1691, and who advocated the catholic cause 
before parliament, — A. D. 1720. A high partition of plas- 
tered brick-work, with a circular heading, on the front of 
which are the heads of three cherubim, encircling a cie- 
dallion, and beneath, a tablet, bearing an inscription in gilt 
letters, on a black ground. This tomb, from the situation 
of the church-yard, on a steep declivity, is visible at the 
distance of some miles from the opposite bank of the 
river Liffey. — On the north side of the church is a 
tomb-stone, with the following extraordinary epitaph : — 



st. Paul's church. 165 

Stay, Passenger, see where I lie; 
As you are now, so once was I ; 
And as I am, so must you be; 
Prepare for death, and follow me. 

Of course, the effect of this unfinished composition, 
introduced in an historical tract, must be considerably 
diminished ; but the compiler of tliis volume, after having 
spent weeks in reading and deciphering the monuments 
of Dublin, when he came to this extraordinary epitaph, 
was struck with astonishment, as if the very inhabitant 
of the grave had addressed him, from beneath the earth 
on which he trod. 

At the lower end of this immense tract of hallowed 
ground, is a large sarcophagus of grey marble, with 
pannels inserted in the ends and sides, on one of which is 
an inscription to the memory of Sylvester Costigan, Esq. 
late a merchant of considerable respectability in this city, 
and whose remains were followed to their last sad resi- 
dence by thousands of persons, who respected his character 
when living, and now endeavour to imitate it. 

The presentation to this parish is vested in the Earl of 
Meath. The vicarage is, at present, filled by the Rev. 
James Waters. The number of inhabitants is about 
6,000, and of houses, 595. 



ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 

St. Paul's Church is situated in King's-street, north, 
near the Blue Coat Hospital, and not many yards from 
Smithfield. 

Tliis building exhibits but a rude specimen of arciii- 



1(>0 ST. I'AL'l.'b ClIL'llCU. 

tecturc;— three rugged stone walls, into which are let 
a few windows, quite disproportioned to the size of the 
building, and an enormous roof, of an extravagant pitch. 

The interior is in a ruinous and miserable condition; it 
is very spacious, and has a gallery round three sides, and 
an organ in the west end. 

Beneath the gallery, in the northern wall, is an an- 
cient monument, at the summit of which the arms are 
placed, executed in marble, and coloured, on which is 
tins inscription, in ancient abbreviated characters : — 

Underneath lies the body of Mrs. ELIZABETH, wife of the Hon. 
Brigadier Gen. MEAD, who died April 15th, 1718, aged 47- 

Against the south wall is placed a small tablet to the 
memory of Lieut. Col. Lyde Brown, of the 21st Regt. 
Royal N. B. Fusileers, who was killed in Thomas-street, 
on the 23rd of July, 1803, by the insurgents, under the 
command of Robert Emmet, while bravely leading on Ms 
regiment. 

In the gallery, beside the organ, is a white marble 
slab, placed on a black marble pyramid, sacred to the 
memory of Mr. Filson, 23rd of Nov. 1744. 

The church-yard is tolerably spacious, and not too 
crowded, as most burying places in Dublin are ; it is 
almost completely occupied by tomb-stones dedicated to 
military men, who are interred in this church-yard more 
frequently than in any other in the city, from its vicinity 
to the Royal Barracks. 

A tablet is affixed to the exterior south wall of the 
church, to the memory of three soldiers of the 2Jst Royal 
Fusileers, who were killed by the rebels in the insurrec- 
tion of 1803. This monument was erected at the expense 



ST. NICHOLAS WITHIN. 107 

of the noncommissioned officers and privates of the 21st 
regiment. 

Near the centre of the church-yard is a mausoleum of 
granite stone, one story in height, entered by a door-way 
in die western side, and having the arms of the family 
affixed to the opposite side. It is a square building", with 
a plain entablature and pilasters of the Tuscan order at 
the angles. This is sacred to the memory of Col. Ormsby. — 
Here also the ancestors of the great senator, Henry Flood, 
are buried, beneath a plain grey stone resting on four 
dwarf pillars, and inclosed by an iron balustrade. 

This description might, perhaps, have been altogether 
omitted, as the present church will be taken down 
without delay, and a more stately and suitable edifice 
erected on the same site. Divine service was cele- 
brated here, for the last time, on Easter Sunday, 1821. 
The number of inhabitants in St. Paul's parish has been 
estimated by Wliitelaw at 9,000 and upwards, and the 
number of houses has been ascertained (1821) to amount 
to 1,000. 



ST, NICHOLAS WITHIN. 

The church of St. Nicholas Within, appears always to 
have been distinct from the cathedrals, as is evident from 
the charter of Archbishop Corny n, and was built originally 
by Donat, Bishop of Dublin. 

This church, which was erected in 1707, is situated in 
Nicholas-street, near High-street, and within a (ew yards 
of Christ-church Cathedral and St. Michael's Church. 
The exterior is built of cut stone, of very dark colour, 



](>8 ST. ANDilEW's cuuiicil. 

called black slate; it consists of three stories, gradually 
diminishing in breadth to the summit, and is of a gloomy, 
uninteresting appearance : the front has deviated so much 
from perpendicularity as to be exceedingly dangerous, and 
ought immediately to be taken down. The interior is mi- 
serable in the extreme ; the pews are falling to decay, the 
walls and ceiling in a wretched condition, and the organ is 
very old and weak toned. There is no gallery, except 
at the west end, which only accommodates the children 
educated in the parish school. 

The cemetery attached to this church was formerly 
sufficiently large in proportion to the extent of the parish; 
but the corporation purchased the major part of it to 
erect theTholsel upon (a building since taken down) ; and 
the burying ground is reduced to such scanty dimensions 
as to be merely a passage to the vaults. In these vaults 
several persons of high descent have been deposited; but 
their names can be learned only from the parish register, 
as there are no monuments to mark the spot where they 
are laid. 

The population of this parish amounts to about 1,000 
individuals, and contains 123 dwelling-houses. 



ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 

The original site of St Andrew's Church and cemetery 
was on the south side of Dame-street, where Castle- 
market was afterwards erected 1707; this market uas 
removed in 1782 still more to the south, adjoining 
William-street, where it now stands, and the handsome 
row of houses on the south side of Dame-street built hi 



ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 1G9 

its place. — About the year 1530, when the learned John 
Alan (chaplain of Cardinal Wolsey, and who was mur- 
dered at Clontarf by Thomas, eldest son of the Earl of 
Kildare) was Archbishop of Dublin, this church was 
assigned to the Chapter's Vicar of St. Patrick's Cathedral. 
Archbishop Brown united St. Andrew's to the parish of 
St. Werburgh's, A. D. 15.54; but this union was dis- 
solved by act of parliament, A. D. 1660; and St. 
Andrew's was erected into a distinct parish ; the presen- 
tation to the Vicarage being vested in the Chancellor, 
the Archbishop of Dublin, the Vice Treasurer, the Chief 
Baron, the Chief Justice, and Master of the Rolls : any 
four to constitute a quorum, the Archbishop being always 
one of the four. — In 1707 an act was past constituting 
the parish of St. Mark's a distinct parish, which was be- 
fore only part of St. Andrew's. 

The present site is about 400 yards east of the former 
one : here a church was erected, A. D. 1670, which falling 
to decay very soon, the present extraordinary edifice, 
in imitation of St. Mary de Rotunda, at Rome, and 
commonly called the Round Church, was commenced, 
in 1793. It is in the form of an ellipse, whose major 
axis is 80 feet in length, and minor 60 ; the gallery story 
is ornamented by seven large windows, with circular 
heads, admitting too great a body of light into the in- 
terior, which error is corrected by blinds of oiled silk, 
ornamented with transparencies, the subjects of which 
are scriptural. In the eastern window, little children 
are represented coming to Christ ; and in the western 
window, is the Flight into Egypt. 

The entrance, which is in St. Andrew's-street, opposite 
Church-lane, is through a granite porch, of a plain, un- 
ornamented style, perhaps from the danger of exposing 



170 st. Andrew's cuubch. 

the awkwardness of the building, which rises so closely 
behind. Over the principal entrance, in the center, is a 
statue of St. Andrew supporting his cross, executed by 
Edward Smyth; this is the only instance of a statue 
erected over any Protestant place of worship in Dublin. 
At each extremity of the vestibule are urns, ornamenting 
the angles, and in the returns are the gallery doors. At 
the other side of the church, in the church-yard, are two 
stories of a steeple ; the basement story is converted into 
a vestry- room, the other is unemployed ; the steeple, which 
is in the Gothic or pointed style, is the design of Francis 
Johnston, Esq. ; but it remains unfinished, and all idea 
of completing it is abandoned. The interior is in every 
possible respect the reverse of the exterior : the pews are 
formed in the intervals between the passages which 
diverge from the center of the ellipse, as radii ; in the 
centre is a beautifully executed baptismal font of veined 
marble, having the outside, and pillar supporting it, fluted ; 
the oval space in the center is flagged with black and white 
marble; the communion-table stands in front of the 
reading-desk and pulpit, at the south side of the church, 
and near the extremity of the minor axis of the ellipse, 
which is obviously contrary to the situation which a slight 
knowledge of the doctrine of echoes or sounds would have 
pointed out, viz. one of the foci of the ellipse ; hence this 
church is particularly distinguished for the great difficulty 
of being heard, which is inflicted on the reader ; and in 
particular parts of the church he is quite inaudible. The 
gallery is an extremely graceful object ; the pillars by 
which it is supported retire so far as to give the idea of 
extreme lightness, and the fluting of the pillars, which is 
exceedingly beautiful, is unlike any thing of the kind in 
the metropolis. A handsome cordage is represented 



ST. LUKE'S CHURCH. 1/1 

connecting the shaft to the capital of each pillar, and the 
capital itself represents the Lotus flowers ; and beneath 
the gallery front, all round, the cordage is continued. 

Behind the pulpit, in the gallery story, is the organ, 
highly ornamented with carved oak-work, and at each 
side of it, a delicate and light gallery for the parish chil- 
dren. The oak from which the ornaments of the church 
are carved, was taken from the roof of the old College 
Chapel, which stood at the entrance of the Library-square, 
and is remarkable for its extraordinary density and specific 
gravity. The transparencies in the windows have been 
already mentioned. From the center of the ceiling hangs 
a large gilt lustre of carved wood, presented by the 
Lord Lieutenant to this church; it formerly hung in the 
Irish House of Commons, but was removed when that 
noble edifice was converted into a national bank. — This 
parish contains the most respectable trading part of 
Dublin : the number of its inhabitants is about 8,000, 
and that of houses, 743. Divine service is performed here 
every day ; the Rev, W. Bourne, A. M. is vicar. — There 
is a burying ground attached to this church, which is pre- 
served with much decency, but is not decorated by any 
handsome piece of sculpture, or remarkable epitaph. 

It is to be observed of St. Andrew's Church, that from 
its extreme proximity to the public thoroughfare, the cele- 
bration of divine service is constantly interrupted by the 
noise of vehicles passing backward and forward. 



ST. LUKE'S CHURCH. 

The parish church of St. Luke is situated on the 
Coombe, in the vicinity of St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 



172 ST. luke's church. 

the year 1708, an act of parliament was passed, cutting 
oif a part of the parish of St. Nicholas Without, and 
giving to it the denomination of St. Luke's parish, in 
conformity to which act a Glebe House was erected on 
the Coombe for the Vicar, who is nominated by the 
Chapter of the Cathedral, and the Church of St. Luke 
erected not far from the Glebe. The approach to this 
church is through a long vista of elm trees, now full grown, 
which gives more the idea of a village church, than a parish 
church in a large city. The principal entrance which 
fronts the avenue, is through a large door-way, with 
rusticated columns at either side. The exterior is very 
plain, and the windows in the north side not being of equal 
dimensions, disfigure its general appearance. 

The interior is about 70 feet by 30 ; the walls and ceiling 
are without ornament, and a gallery, supported by pillars 
of but scanty dimensions and mean appearance, is carried 
round the sides and west end of the church. At the east 
is a circular-headed window, too small in proportion to 
the size of the church, and below, an altar composed of 
heavy pannelled wood-work; the altar-piece represents a 
scarlet curtain drawn aside, and disclosing a glory, tolerably 
well painted. At the opposite end is an organ, the gift 
of a lady (who has modestly concealed her name), which, 
though small, is remarkably well toned ; and from the 
property, which tins church possesses in an eminent 
degree, of conveying sound with rapidity and distinct- 
ness, the tone of the organ is abundantly loud. 

Behind the church is a small space of ground appro- 
priated as a burying ground for the parishioners, but 
much too small for the purpose for which it was intended, 
and is not frequently made use of. The only person of 
consequence interred in this cemetery, is Mr, Justice 



ST. mark's church. 173 

Hellen, second Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 
Ireland, who died in 1793; and was interred near the 
entrance, in the north side of the church. 

The number of inhabitants in this parish is about 7,000, 
all of the poorest classes of society ; and so proverbial is 
this parish for its poverty, that the advertisement of the 
annual charity sermon is headed by the words, " The 
poorest Parish In Dublin." The number of houses 
is 470. 



ST. MARK'S CHURCH. 

The parish church of St. Mark is situated in Mark- 
street, to the east of Trinity College. It is a capacious 
unornamented building, erected in 1729. John Lord 
Carteret, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. It was cut off 
from St. Andrew's by Act of Parliament, A. D. 1707, and 
its foundation laid the same year with that of the New 
Parliament House, the present Bank of Ireland. — The 
exterior of this building exhibits no architectural inge- 
nuity or taste. The interior, about 80 feet in length 
and 30 in breadth, is extremely well disposed for the 
accommodation of numbers, not being divided into pews, 
as the other churches in Dublin, but laid out with 
benches, supplied with backs of pannelled oak, with 
doors at the end of each row. The communion-table 
is placed in a concave recess, in the back part of which 
stands the pulpit and reading-desk. In the present year 
(1821) an organ has been erected, cased in oak; its merits 
are not yet perfectly ascertained. 

Around the east, north, and west sides of the church, 



174 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPELS. 

extends the church-yard, crowded with tombs. But this 
cemetery has lately been much disused, owing to the 
surgeons making a practice of paying it nocturnal visits. 
In the belfry, over the vestibule, is suspended a large bell, 
one of the finest toned in the metropolis. — Divine service 
is celebrated in this church every day. — The population 
is estimated at 8,000 and upwards, and the number of 
dwelling-houses at 901. 



Xtoman Catholic Cijapels* 

Though there are many chapels for the celebration of 
divine service according to the rites of the church of 
Rome, yet only three of them are deserving of notice for 
their architecture — the Metropolitan Chapel in Marl- 
borough-street, Anne's-street Chapel (in lieu of Mary's- 
lane), and St, Michael and St. John's (in lieu of Rosemary- 
lane) on Essex Quay. This may be accounted for in the 
following manner : during the operation of the penal 
code, the Roman Catholic clergymen dared not celebrate 
mass in public, by which the poor were, literally speaking, 
cut off from the benefit of all religious instruction ; and 
even the rich, who supported chaplains as part of their 
household, counted their beads in silence and retirement ; 
and even yet the Catholics are not permitted to summon 
their congregations by the toll of the bell. The public 
performance of divine service, according to the rites of the 
Roman Catholic church, was first tolerated by Lord 
Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, A. D. 1745, 
from which period their places of worship gradually as- 



METROPOLITAN CHAPEL. 175 

sumed a more important character, and the Metropolitan 
Chapel will be perhaps the most picturesque and classical 
structure in the city. 

There are twelve parish chapels in Dublin, six Friaries 
and seven Nunneries ; besides three assistant chapels in 
the suburbs, at Harold's Cross, Miltown, and Dolphin's- 
barn. A succession of masses is continued at almost all 
those different chapels from six in the morning till one in 
the afternoon ; each mass lasts about half an hour, and 
high mass generally commences at 12 o'clock. Sermons 
are sometimes preached on Sunday evenings in each 
chapel, and almost every evening in Lent. 



METROPOLITAN CHAPEL. 

This magnificent structure was commenced in 1816, 
on a plot of ground formerly occupied by the Mansion 
of Lord Annesley. The ground was purchased for 500/. 
and the design was sent over to this country by an 
amateur artist residing in Paris, who entrusted it to the 
care of Dr. Murray. The design is not taken from St. 
Maria Maggiore at Rome, St. Philip du Roulx at Paris, 
or any other building in existence : those churches are 
in the Roman, whereas the Metropolitan Chapel is in the 
Grecian style. 

The principal front is presented to Marlborough-street, 
and consists of a portico of six magnificent columns of 
the Doric order, supporting an entablature, the frieze of 
which is ornamented with triglyphs ; the entablature is 
carried along the front and sides of the entire building. 
Over the entablature, in front, is c magnificent pediment, 



17G METROPOLITAN I'll At'l-'.L. 

the tympanum of which is enclosed by a rich mutule 
cornice. Beneath the portico are three entrances, the 
principal one in the centre, and the smaller near the ex- 
tremities of the colonnade. The portico is a projection 
of ten feet ; the columns are without bases, rising imme- 
diately from an extensive landing or platea approached 
by an extended flight of steps ; the chaste and simple 
elegance which is to characterize this building woidd not 
admit the introduction of statuary in any part of it. The 
front portico will resemble the central portico of the Pro- 
pyloea at Athens, or the facade of the temple of Theseus. 
The portico and ornamental parts are of Portland-stone, 
the rest of the exterior are of mountain granite. 

The sides of the chapel may be considered fronts also, 
being finished in a very beautiful and singular style ; in 
the centre of each is a retiring colonnade, rising from a 
flight of steps, and supporting an entablature, and at 
each side, wings or pavilions, ornamented by one large 
window divided into three compartments, by four pillars 
of Portland-stone, and crowned by an entablature and 
pediment. There are no statues to be placed over any of 
the porticos. 

The interior, which is not yet completed, will be equally 
simple and chaste. The centre or grand aisle is en- 
closed by a range of columns on each side, which sup- 
port an entablature, from which springs an arched ceil- 
ing, divided into compartments. The colonnade is con- 
tinued behind the altar, which stands in the centre of a 
semicircular recess at the end of the great aisle, exactly 
opposite the principal entrance, and a passage is left out- 
side the colonnade in the recess. 

The altar, which is quite detached from every other 
part of the building, is of white marble, enclosed by a 



ARUAN QUAY CHAPEL. 177 

circular railing, and without ornament. Behind the colon- 
nade, at each side, are side aisles, the length of the great 
aisle, and uniting behind the altar. In the centre of those 
at each side are deep recesses of a rectangular shape, in 
which altars are also placed, so, forming three distinct 
places of worship beneath the same roof. The length of 
the great aisle is 1.50 feet, and the breadth about 120. 

This stately edifice has been raised by subscription 
solely : 26,000/. has been already expended upon it, and it 
will probably cost as much more to complete it. Hugh 

O'Connor, and Cardiff, Esqrs. contributed 7,000/. to 

this laudable purpose. The donation of Mr. O'Connor 
was 4,000/. 

The management of the subscription is entrusted to a 
committee, of which the Roman Catholic Archbishop of 
Dublin is chairman, and the members of this committee 
inspect the progress of the building. 



ARUAN QUAY CHAPEL. 

This little building, which is at the rear of the houses 
on Arran Quay, was erected in 1785, and is scarcely 
sufficient to accommodate its parishioners. The parish 
includes a great extent within its boundaries ; it is in the 
parish of St. Paul's, and is considered as reaching as far 
as the Vice-regal residence in the Phoenix Park. — There 
are attached to this chapel six clergymen, five of whom 
are curates. 



178 FRANCIS-STRF.F.T CHAPEL. 

BRIDGE-STREET CHAPEL. 

This chapel is for the accommodation of the parishioners 
of St. Audoen's parish only, and stands in a neat court- 
yard, at the rear of the eastern side of Bridge-street. The 
Dominican friars of Great Denmark-street Chapel formerly 
resided here. 

In this parish is a Friary of Franciscans, called Adam- 
and-Eve Chapel, which presents a front to Cook-street. 
There are a superior and seven assistants attached to this 
Friary, who reside in Chapel-lane, adjacent to the chapel. 



JAMES'S-STREET CHAPEL. 

This parish chapel comprehends an extensive circuit, 
from Dolphin's-barn to Crumlin, and Kilmainham to 
Chapel-izod. It is situated in Watling-street, not far from 
James's-gate. The chapel, though not remarkable for 
architectural decorations, is in excellent repair. 

Beside the priest of the parish, there are four curate- 
assistants in this chapel. 



FRANCIS-STREET CHAPEL. 

In the year 1235, Ralph le Porter granted a piece ot 
ground in that part of the suburbs now called Francis- 
street, as a site for a monastery, to be dedicated to St. 
Francis. This monastery existed for 114 years, when 
the lands belonging to it were leased to Thomas Stephens, 
to be held in capitc, at the yearly rent of two shillings. 

On this spot is erected the chapel of Francis-street, 



LIFFEY-STIIEET IHAl'tL. 179 

which includes the parishes of St. Luke's, St. Nicholas 
Without, St. Bride's, St. Kevin's, a portion of St. 
Peter's, and in the suburbs, Rathmines, Portobello, 
Harold's-cross (where there is a chapel of ease), and ex- 
tends to Rathfamam and Miltown. 

As the congregation is the largest in Dublin, so also 
the chapel is of very considerable magnitude ; but, not- 
withstanding, scarcely accommodates its parishioners: 
the priest of this union, who is also Roman Catholic Dean 
of the metropolis, is assisted by eight curates ; they all 
reside in the chapel house. 



LIFFEY-STREET CHAPEL. 

Liffey-street Chapei., like most of the chapels in 
Dublin, is at the rear of the houses on the south side of 
the street, and the entrance is by a wretched gate- way, 
beneath a tottering fabric, which, most likely, the com- 
missioners of Wide-streets will shortly condemn. Though 
the entrance is so miserable, the interior by no means 
corresponds : it is extremely neat, and has a venerable 
sombre character. This very extensive division includes 
part of St. George's, with St. Mary's and St. Thomas's 
parishes: it is bounded by Arran-street, Ormond Quay, 
Green-street, Bolton-street, and Dorset-street ; and ex- 
tends to Drumcondra Bridge, and is bounded by the river 
Tolkay and the Liffey. 

In this chapel the titular Archbishop of Dublin 
officiates, assisted by his oeconome and six curates. 
The Archbishop will officiate in the Metropolitan Chapel 
in Marlborough-street, when that beautiful edifice 1 is 
finished. 

n 2 



180 ANNE-STREET CHAPEL. 



ANNE-STREET CHAPEL. 

The chapel in North Anne's-street belongs to the 
parish of St. Miehan's, and to part of St. George's. It is 
bounded on the south by the river LifFey, on the east by 
Arran-street and its continuation, on the west by Church- 
street and the Glasnevin-road. The parish chapel 
formerly stood in Mary's-lane, and was the oldest 
in Dublin : in tins chapel it is supposed was preserved a 
silver image of the Virgin Mary, which formerly be- 
longed to the Abbey of St. Mary ; but this little figure, 
bearing a crown of silver on its head, was sold to an Irish 
Baronet at the removal of the chapel. This venerable 
building becoming quite unfit for use, was converted into 
a parish school, and the present splendid edifice erected 
in lieu of it. 

The principal front of the new chapel is presented to 
Anne-street, north, and is built entirely of mountain 
granite: it consists of two stories, the lower occupied by 
three pointed door- ways; that in the centre leading 
to the great aisle, those on the side to a spacious 
gallery. The second story is ornamented with three 
large pointed windows, and the summit rises to a very 
acute angle, terminated by a cross, and finished with a 
monastic battlement and pinnacles. 

The interior is richly decorated with stucco and sculp- 
ture. At the cast end are three altars, placed in deep 
recesses, and ornamented with heavy carved work, in 
the pointed style. Over the centre altar is a full-length 
figure of our Saviour, in alto-relievo, beneath a pointed 
canopy, above which, on the ceiling, is a glory, encom- 
passed by innumerable heads of cherubim The altar on thi 



MPATHn STREET t'HAPEL. 181 

right is ornamented by a very beautiful painting of St. 
Francis, copied from Guido, and the altar piece on the 
left represents the Virgin and Child. In one of the orna- 
mented niches, over the side altar, a small organ is placed, 
and in the corresponding niche there is a false front. 

The ceiling, which is semi-eliptical, consists of groined 
arches springing from heads of saints, placed in the piers 
between the windows, on each side ; and three lustres arc 
suspended from richly-worked pendents, which drop from 
the intersections of the arches. The aisle is lighted by 
five pointed windows in each side, decorated with labels 
springing from heads of saints ; and the half of each 
window is ornamented with stained glass. The stucco 
and carving were executed by O'Brien, a Dublin artist ; 
and the building is after a design by Messrs. O'Brien 
and Gorman. 

Divine service is celebrated here at the usual hours ; 
there are six curates to assist the parish priest in the 
discharge of his duties. The chapel also presents a front 
to Halstein-street, at the back of Newgate, but this is 
merely of brick. — Admittance may be had to this chapel 
at any time. 



MEATH-STREET CHAPEL. 

This chapel is for the accommodation of the Roman 
Catholic parishioners of St. Catharine's and a rural dis- 
trict extending to the canal. It is situated at the back of 
the houses on the cast of Meath-street, in that part of 
the city, called the Earl of Mcath's Liberty. The chapel 
belonging to the parish, formerly stood in Bridge-foot- 



182 I-XtHANGK-STKELT CHAPEL. 

street, at the north side of Thomas-street j but being in 
a state of dilapidation, about the year 1780 a subscription 
was raised amongst the parishioners for the erection of the 
present chapel in Meath-street. This building, which is 
entirely of brick, is of an octagonal form, and very spa- 
cious ; opposite the altar a gallery is erected, which is 
continued along five sides of the octagon, and sup- 
ported by columns. 

Divine service is performed here every day. — There are 
five assistant curates and a parish priest, for whom an 
excellent house adjacent to the chapel has been erected. 



EXCHANGE-STREET CHAPEL. 

This chapel, which was erected by public contribu- 
tions from all ranks of society, was built as a place of 
worship for the parishes of St. Michan and St. John's ; 
but this union also includes St. Bride's, Christ-church 
vicinity, part of St. Werburgh's, and pail of St. Nicholas 
Within ; and is bounded by Augier-street, George' s-street, 
and Eustace-street, the river Liffey, and Winetavem- 
street. 

Divine service was formerly performed in the chapel of 
Rosemary-lane, but the building having fallen to decay 
and the situation not being central, the present site was 
chosen by the parishioners as an appropriate one for a new 
and spacious building. — The front towards Fxchangc- 
street, is also visible from Wood Quay, and it was 
understood an opening would have been left by the Com- 
missioners of Wide-stive^, through which ;his very 



EXCHANGE-STREET CHAPEL. 183 

ait front might be seen, not only from Wood Quay, 
but also from the opposite side of the river, and so be an 
extremely interesting object in this part of the city ; but 
the commissioners have thought proper to alter their de- 
termination, so that the north front is, strictly speaking, 
presented to a very confined passage, Lower Exchange- 
street. 

To this building there are two fronts of hewn stone, 
equally beautiful, and in a highly-finished style of pointed 
architecture; the lower stories in both fronts are de- 
corated with pointed door- ways, and the second stories 
with three large pointed windows adorned with labels ; 
the fronts terminate in an acute angle and are surmounted 
by crosses. The principal door in the north front is ac- 
cessible by a double flight of steps. The south front is 
presented to Smock Alley, where used to be the entrance to 
the pit and boxes of the theatre of Dublin, winch for- 
merly stood on this precise spot, and was called Smock 
Alley Theatre. The original name of this passage was 
Orange Street, which name was exchanged for that of 
Smock Alley, upon the erection of the theatre. — This 
place of entertainment was disused from the opemng 
of Crow-street Theatre, 1758, after which it was con- 
verted into stores for merchandize, and in 1815, the pre- 
sent stately pile was erected on this spot for a much more 
noble purpose than any to which it had been previously 
dedicated. 

The interior of this chapel is richly ornamented, and 
in an extremely elegant and chaste style of workmanship. 
At one end are three altars ; over the centre altar is a 
painting of the crucifixion, suspended in a deep recess 
decorated with stucco-work ; and on each side of the great 
pointed niche in the centre are pointed windows orna- 



1M MIAN GE-5T KELT (II A PEL. 

mented with stained glass. Beneath the window on the 
right side is a small altar with a painting, representing 
St. John the Evangelist writing his sacred volume. This 
painting, which was brought from Rome by the priest of 
this parish, the Rev. Dr. Blake, is by Del Frate, a dis- 
tinguished Italian artist. Below the window, on the left side 
and over the communion-table, is another altar piece, re- 
presenting the arch-angel Michael, brandishing a sword 
in one hand, and trampling upon Satan. This is also 
by an Italian artist, and is a copy from a painting of 
Raphael's in St. Peter's at Rome. It is unluckily in a 
very bad light in its present situation. 

On one side of the chapel is a very handsome piece of 
sculpture, the design and execution of Turnerelli, an 
Italian artist, some time resident in Dublin. It is a mo- 
nument to the memory of Dr. Betagh. 

On a black pyramidal slab is placed a medallion of 
the Reverend Prelate, in white statuary marble. — Be- 
neath, in white marble also, a figure of Faith is repre- 
sented, leaning over a funeral urn, bearing a cross in one 
hand, and holding Religion (which is represented in the 
character of an infant boy), with the other. On a white 
slab beneath is the following inscription : — 

Glory be to God, most good, most great • 
This marble, Christian brother, presents to your view the likeness of 
the Very Reverend THOMAS BETAGH, S. J. Vicar General of 
the Archdiocese of Dublin, and during more than 20 years the 
excellent and most vigilant pastor of this parish. Who, glowing 
with charity towards God and his neighbour, was ever indefatigable 
id his ministry, leaching, preaching, and exerting all his powers 
to confirm the true Christian in the faith once delivered to the 
ainlBj and bring back thi ito the way of salvation. His 

chief delight and happina ■ it was to instinct the yonnj 



TOWNSLND-STIIEET CHAPEL. 185 

cially the needy and the orphan, in religion, piety, and learning, 
and to forward and cherish them with affection truly paternal, 
His zeal for the welfare of souls continual to burn with undimi- 
nished ardour, until the last moment of his life. When, worn 
down by lingering illness and incessant labours, this good and 
faithful servant delivered up his soul to God in the year of his 
age, 73— and of our Redemption, 1811. 

May he rest in peace ! 

To tins most deserving man, the ornament of the priesthood and of 
his country, the clergy and people of Dublin who attended his 
funeral with most mournful solemnity, an unexampled concourse, 
have erected this monument as a lasting memorial of their love 
and gratitude. 



On the same side of the chapel, in a recess and beneath 
<ui ornamented canopy, is a large and well-toned organ, 
which cost the parishioners 700/. At the other end stand 
six confessionals of exquisite workmanship, and ornamented 
withglasslabels, bearing scriptural sentences in goldletters: 
these arc decidedly the handsomest to be met with in the 
chapels of Dublin. The ceiling is semi-cliptical, com- 
posed of groined arches, and decorated by pendents from 
which three lustres are suspended. There is a spacious 
gallery at the end opposite the altar, the front of which 
also is highly ornamented by carved work. 



TOWNSEND-STREET CHAPEL. 

This chapel is intended for the accommodation of the 
Roman Catholic inhabitants of St. Ann^s, St. Andrew's, and 
pail of St. Peter's and St. Mark's parishes. It is situated 



18(> ALGUSTINIAN CONVENT. 

at the back of the houses on the north side of Townsend- 
street, within a few yards of the principal entrance to the 
New Theatre Royal. In front of the chapel, and con- 
cealing' it from the street, is a handsome house erected for 
the residence of the priest and his assistant curates, six 
in number. This chapel, which is large and well dis- 
posed, although without any architectural beauties, was 
not long since in one of the filthiest and most wretched 
situations in the city, but from the opening of D'Olier 
and New Brunswick streets, it is now in a most con- 
venient and central one. The incumbent of this parish is 
generally the coadjutor to the Roman Catholic Archbishop 
of Dublin. 

The parish chapels are here designated by the respec- 
tive streets in which they are placed, for the following 
reasons, viz. they are so generally denominated in Dublin, 
and as each chapel belongs to several Protestant parishes, 
it is obviously incorrect and would produce confusion to 
attribute the name of any one of those parishes to the 
parish chapel ; and besides, the division of parishes is 
made to conform to the Protestant places of worship 
solely. 



dfriaria** 



AUGUSTINIAN CONVENT. 

The friary of St. John is situated in John- street at 
the north side of Thomas-street ; this friary is within the 
district of Meath-street chapel. To this chapel are at- 
tached only the prior and two friars, who, by their lauda- 
ble exertions in the cause of humanity, are enabled to 
clothe and educate 26 boys and 20 girls. 



CONVENT OF CALCED t ARMELITLS. 187 



DOMINICAN CONVENT. 

This convent, commonly called Denmark-street 
Chapel, is situated in the street of that name communi- 
cating with Britain-street and Henry-street. The friars 
of this chapel originally belonged to Bridge-street chapel. 
This place of worship is contiguous to a fashionable part 
of Dublin, and is consequently numerously and respectably 
attended by persons who bear substantial testimony of 
the sincerity of their charitable inclinations, for, from 
the sums collected here on Sundays, 25 boys are sup- 
ported, and upwards of 60 girls educated ; at the same 
time that the chapel and friary are kept in perfect repair, 
and continual improvements carrying on. — This friary, to 
which seven clergymen are attached, is in the circuit of 
Liffey-street and the. Metropolitan chapels. 



CONVENT OF CALCED CARMELITES. 

This convent, with a small neat chapel attached, is 
situated in French-street not far from York-street, 
and is within the district of Townsend-street chapel. 
The order had a chapel and convent in Ash-street winch 
they relinquished for the present retired and genteel 
neighbourhood. There are six resident clergymen in this 
convent, of which the proper designation is the " Friary 



188 CONVF.NT OF CAPUCIMNS. 



CONVENT OF DISCALCED CARMELITES. 

The chapel of tliis convent is situated in Clarendon- 
street, and, next to the Metropolitan, is the largest in 
Dublin; it is in the shape of a rectangle with the 
corners canted off. The exterior is rather of a plain ap- 
pearance, the lower part being plastered, and the 
upper, in winch are the studies and dormitories of the 
friars, only of brick. Before the building of this spa- 
cious edifice, the friars of this order performed Divine 
service in a small inconvenient building at the back of the 
houses on the south side of Stephen -street, near Augier- 
street, but this building has been taken down some 
time since. There are seven clergymen attached to this 
chapel, and an evening school is supported here, where 
200 boys are educated gratuitously.— This friary is 
within the precincts of To wnsend- street chapel. 



CONVENT OF FRANCISCANS. 

Adam and Eve Chapel, otherwise denominated " Cook- 
street Chapel," belongs to friars of the Franciscan order. 
To this friary eight clergymen are attached, who, from 
the crowded population of the neighbourhood, are con- 
stantly engaged in occasional duties.— This convent is 
intended as a chapel of ease to Bridge- street chapel. 



CONVENT OF CAPUCHINS. 

The Capuchin Friary, better known by the appel- 
lation of Church-street Chapel, is situated on the west 



CONVENT OF CAPUCHINS. 189 

side of that street, and not far from Michan's church. 
The friary attached to this chapel affords accom- 
modation to seven or eight clergymen, for whom 
there is ample employment in this poor, but extremely 
populous, part of Dublin. The chapel belongs to the dis- 
trict of Arran Quay Chapel. The building itself affords 
no remarkable features ; the interior is adapted to accom- 
modate both classes of persons ; the respectable part of 
the congregation are admitted into the sacristy, which 
is divided from the rest of the chapel by a railing, 
outside which the lower classes are obliged to remain. 

This structure was for a long period in a state of dilapi- 
dation, until the manly eloquence of the Rev. P. Keogh, a 
friar of the Capuchin order, influenced the wealthy part 
of his hearers, by repeated and powerful appeals to their 
feelings, to contribute largely to the restoration of the 
edifice ; and in the space of two years, within this very 
chapel, upwards of 1,500Z. was collected at the sermons 
delivered there by Mr. Keogh. 

This distinguished orator has since been translated to 
the united parishes of Howth and Baldoyle, seven miles 
from Dublin ; but such are the energy and activity of his 
mind, that the place of his early residence still continues 
to derive benefit from his exertions; and this amiable 
and intelligent individual is frequently heard in Church- 
street Chapel with delight and admiration by crowded 
congregations of different religious opinions. — There i 
a school attached to this convent where 40 boys ari 
educated, and the same number of girls both clothed 
and educated. 



100 NUNNERIES. 

CONVENT OF JESUITS. 

The chapel of this order, called Hardwicke-street 
Chapel, is a small neat building, lately fitted up in an 
unassuming and tasteful manner; it originally be- 
longed to a nunnery of the order of St. Clare, in Dorset- 
street ; but upon the building of St. George's Church, and 
the opening of Hardwicke-street in front of it, the retire- 
ment of the nuns was so completely interrupted, that 
they withdrew to Harold's cross at the south side of 
Dublin, and surrendered this chapel to the Jesuitical 
order. — There are, in general, two of the order residing in 
the apartments over the chapel, and the chapel is in the 
division of Liffey-street and the Metropolitan chapels. 



&unmvm> 

In Dublin and its environs there are several religious 
asylums, where the females of the Roman Catholic reli- 
gion find shelter, when deprived of the protection of their 
relatives by the hand of Providence. —The nunneries in 
Dublin are 

George's Hill, 

King Street. 

Stanhope Street. 

Summer Hill. 

Warren Mount. 

William Street (north). 
In the environs are, 

Cabragh. 

Harold's Cross. 

Ranelagh. 

Richmond (removed from James Street-) 



NUNNERIES. 191 



KING-STREET NUNNERY 

Is a large comfortable house, and probably the longest 
established of all the nunneries. The sisters who are 
about six or seven in number, are Poor Clares. — The chief 
use of this asylum at present is, to afford a safe retreat to 
widows and other females of a respectable class, who are 
able to pay for their board and lodging. 



STANHOPE-STREET AND WILLIAM-STREET 
NUNNERIES. 

The inhabitants of these convents are called " Sisters 
of Charity," their lives being wholly devoted to charitable 
purposes. — This order has long existed on the continent, 
though quite unknown, until lately, in this kingdom. 



GEORGE'S-HILL, OR NORTH ANNE'S-STREET 
NUNNERY 

Is of very ancient date, and the residents, about eleven 
or twelve in number, are called Ladies of the Pre- 
sentation. These amiable and charitable females super- 
intend a school of 300 girls, 20 of whom are clothed and 
fed at the expense of the convent. — This was the first 
Roman Catholic school pennitted to be opened in Dublin, 
it being forbidden by the Foreign Education Bill, but that 
prohibition was removed in the reign of his late Majesty 
George III. 



10-2 NUN NCR J IS. 

WARD'S HILL, OR WARREN MOUNT 
NUNNERY. 

The sisters of Warren Mount Nunnery are galled 
Poor Clares : there are in general about twelve sisters re- 
sident in this convent, to which is attached a school, 
where 200 girls are instructed, and 20 are supported and 
clothed by the sisterhood. 

On the south side of Dublin, at the village of Ranelagh, 
is a convent of the order of St. Joseph. In this convent, 
when the Irish nobility resided in their native land, the 
daughters of the Roman Catholic nobility were educated, 
and there is still a number of highly respectable persons 
residing here. It is in the district of Francis-street 
Chapel. The sisters contribute munificently to the sup- 
port of two schools ; one in Paradise-row, where 20 
orphans are admitted at the age of three years, and sup- 
ported and instructed until sufficiently qualified to bo 
apprenticed; and another, where 30 boys and as many 
girls are clothed, fed, and educated. 

There is a convent of Dominican nuns at Cabragh, 
about three miles from Dublin, on the north side, which 
of course cannot be considered as at all belonging to the 
city. Another at Richmond, 2 miles south of Dublin. 
— The sisters of this nunnery, who are denominated 
Ladies of the Presentation, formerly lodged in JamesV 
street. 



HAROLD'S CROSS NUNNERY 

Ifi more immediately in the vicinity of Dublin, and 
much more conspicuous than nil the others for the mag- 
nitude of its charitable bounty. The winters, who aro 



SECEDERS FROM THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH. 193 

Poor Clares, were disturbed in their former establish- 
ment, Dorset-street nunnery, by the opening of a new 
street (Hardwicke-street) in front of St George's church ; 
their dwelling house was purchased from them and 
taken down, and their chapel was delivered into the 
care of the Jesuit Friars. The nunnery is in the district 
of Francis-street chapel.— This edifice is very extensive, 
having attached to the apartments of the sisterhood a 
large building containing a school-room and two dormi- 
tories, each capable of containing 50 beds. — The benevo- 
lent sisters not only educate, but clothe and support 100 
female children, for whose accommodation they have 
erected this spacious building, and a handsome chapel 
adjacent to it. 

It would be uninteresting to continue a specific enu- 
meration of the different Roman Catholic schools in this 
city, and the precise number educated, clothed, and fed 
in each ; but the reader will learn with surprise, that 
there are about 4,000 boys and 3,000 girls educated by 
this denomination of Christians, and nearly 2,000 of those 
are clothed, and half that number fed ; and at this mo- 
ment a new society is establishing for diffusing the bene- 
fits of education amongst the poor Catholics, throughout 
the kingdom in general. 



j^ttrtJtra from tije Cgtatttaftefr 

In the small circuit of the city of Dublin, the number 
of places of worship appropriated to different religious 
■tctfl is much greater than that either of churches of the 
o 



11)4 l'KKSRYTERIANS. 

established religion, or Roman Catholic chapels. — The 
most ancient and respectable of the dissenters in Dublin 
are the Presbyterians. 



PRESBYTERIANS. 

The Presbyterian government in Ireland is modelled 
on that of the Scotch church. King James the First en- 
couraged many Scotch Presbyterians to pass over into the 
northern provinces of Ireland, where they spread to an 
amazing extent, and from their habits of propriety and 
industry, that wild and uncultivated part of the kingdom 
became rapidly civilized, so that at this moment it is de- 
cidedly the most improved and humanized part of Ireland. 

The Presbyterian church, is divided into synods or as- 
semblies, which hold annual meetings for the better go- 
vernment of their body ; and at those meetings, each con- 
gregation is represented by one pastor and one lay elder. 

The principal synod in Ireland is that of Ulster, there 
is a second, called the Minister Synod. — The establish- 
ment of Presbyterian chapels in Dublin, took place in 
1662, shortly after the passing of the Act of Uniformity. 
— At this period, Samuel Winter, Provost of Trinity 
College, with three of the Fellows, E. Veale, R. Norbury, 
and S. Mather, refused to subscribe in an unqualified 
manner to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Established 
Church, and voluntarily resigned their preferments. So 
respectable and learned a body of leaders might natu- 
rally be expected to possess both influence to attract, and 
eloquence and information sufficient to preserve, a consi- 
derable number of adherents ; at their instance several 
meeting-houses were erected in different parts of the city, 



STRAND-STREET M KETING' HOUSE. 195 

some of which have since been taken down and rebuilt 
upon different sites. 

There are now (1821) four meeting-houses of the Pres- 
byterian sect in Dublin ; Strand-street, Eustace-street, 
Mary's Abbey, and Usher's Quay. 



STRAND-STREET MEETING- HOUSE 

Is situated in a retired street, chiefly occupied by mer- 
chants' stores, and recedes a few yards back : in front is 
a small court, with two gates. The front of the building 
is of brick, two stories in height, and without any orna- 
ment ; the interior is spacious, but intentionally finished in 
the plainest manner possible. There are two congrega- 
tions united in Strand-street Meeting, viz. Wood-street 
and Cook-street, which were both erected at the period of 
the secession of Provost Winter. 

Attached to this meeting is a Poor-school, where 30 
boys are clothed, fed, and educated, and afterwards ap- 
prenticed to different trades.* With the exception of 
about 30/. per annum, a donation, this school is entirely 
dependant on the results of an annual charity sermon, 
preached by one of the ministers of the Church, on the last 
Sunday in February. But from the great respectability of 
the Strand-street congregation, this collection may always 
be calculated upon as ample means for the support of the 
charity ; and besides this, a collection is made every 
Sunday, which is appropriated to the use of a number of 
distressed widows. Adjoining to the meeting-house there 
is a library of divinity, where the members of the con- 

* This school was established by the Misses Plunket, whose father wu 
many years minister of the meeting. 

O 2 



l!)G 1. 1) ST u :k-strbet mketing-house. 

gregation are permitted to read, yet owing to its incon- 
venient situation, it is but seldom visited. The Presby- 
terian clergymen have been, for about two centuries back, 
supported by a salary called the " Regium Donum," given 
at first to encourage the introduction of this respectable 
body in Ireland, and still continued to those pastors whose 
congregation amount to a certain number. Amongst the 
ministers who have officiated in Strand-street, for years 
back, many distinguished theological and controversial 
writers are to be found, — Matten, Charnock, Rule, and 
Leland, author of " A View of the Deistical Writers of 
the last and present Century " 



EUSTACE-STREET MEETING-HOUSE. 

This meeting-house, which is situated in Eustace-street, 
at the north side of Dame-street, is not so spacious as 
that in Strand-street, nor is its congregation more than 
half as numerous. As the members of this religious sect 
study and cultivate the absence of ornament, then- places 
of worship afford notlung for the eye of curiosity to rest 
upon. 

Attached to this chapel is a school for 20 boys, who 
all receive board, lodging, clothing, and education, 
and, at a proper period, are apprenticed to useful trades. 
Besides the collection made at an annual charity sermon, 
there is a yearly income for the support of this charity, 
as well as for the establishing and maintenance of a girls' 
school, and an alms-house for poor widows. Before the 
present building was erected, the members of this meet- 
ing celebrated divine worship in a small building in New 
Row. 



usher's quay meeting-house. H>7 



MARY'S ABBEY MEETING-HOUSE. 

There was another meeting-house similarly denomi- 
nated, the congregation of which having united with that 
of Strand-street, left the present chapel in the undisputed 
possession of this distinguishing appellation, — Though 
these two meeting-houses, Strand-street and Mary's Abbey, 
are so near in point of locality, they profess to differ widely 
in doctrinal points ; and to make the line of distinction 
still more obvious, the latter congregation call themselves 
the Scots Church, whence it may be inferred, that they 
are somewhat more strict in the observance of particular 
religious forms than their neighbours of Strand-street. 
Several distinguished divines have been ministers of this 
congregation, and there is at present amongst the cler- 
gymen of this chapel one very able preacher. 

The congregation of this meeting-house support a 
charity school of about thirty children ; in addition to 
donations and subscriptions, there is an annual sermon 
preached on the first Sunday in March for the mainte- 
nance of this little establishment. 



USHER'S QUAY MEETING-HOUSE 

Has also an ancient Presbyterian congregation, which 
united with the brethren of Plunket-street, about fifty 
years since, and is now a considerable body. There are 
two schools, containing about forty children, supported 
by the collections made in this chapel, and aided also by 
an annual charity sermon. 



l!)«S INDEPENDENT. 



SECEDERS. 



This religious sect, which is a ramification of the Kirk 
of Scotland, consists of austere Calvinists, and, in conse- 
quence of a difference in civil matters, it is subdivided into 
Burghers and Anti-burghers. On account of their ex- 
tremely rigid doctrines, the Anti-burghers hold very- 
little intercourse with any other sect of Christians. 

The Burghers have a meeting-house in Mass-lane, close 
to the law courts, which will shortly be taken down by the 
Commissioners of Wide-streets; and the Anti-burghers 
have a smaller one on the site of the old National Bank 
in Mary's Abbey. 

The difference between these two sects has of late years 
nearly subsided. But another body of dissenters from the 
Kirk has risen up, called the Relief; they are Calvinistsand 
Presbyterians, but extremely liberal in their views. 



INDEPENDENTS. 

The first congregation of Independents, that met in 
Dublin, assembled in the old Presbyterian meeting-house, 
in Plunket-street, under the care of Mr, Hawkesworth. 
Then- most distinguished pastor was Mr. Cooper, who still 
preaches in Plunket-street, and is likely to be excelled in 
pulpit-oratory by his son. There is also a very large 
chapel, belonging to this sect, in York-street ; and the 
Dutch church, in Poolbeg- street, has been made use 
of by the Independents, for several years back. 

A small chapel, at the corner of Ilawkins-strect 
and D'Olier-strcet, was erected in 1S20, by a party of 
Scccdcrs from tlir York-street Independents. On the 



tympanum of a brick pediment, over the front of this 
chapel, is inscribed, " Ebcnezer," the appropriateness of 
which motto will be made manifest by the following quo- 
tation, whence the name is borrowed : " then Samuel 
took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen, and 
called the name of it Eben-Ezer, saying, hitherto hath 
the Lord helped us." 

Zion Chapel, in King's-Inns- street, also belongs to the 
Independents ; this chapel, which is built of lime stone, 
and fronted with mountain granite, is ornamented by 
three circular-headed windows, over winch is a triangular 
pediment, with a plain tympanum, and on the frieze of 
the entablature beneath is carved the name, "Zion Chapel.' ' 
Divine Service was performed here, for the first time, on 
Sunday, oth August, 1821, by Mr. Raffles, of the Indepen- 
dent Chapel, Liverpool. 



METHODISTS. 



About twelve years after the first promulgation of the 
Wesleyan doctrines, they were introduced into this city, 
for the first time, by a Mr. Williams, whose success was 
so remarkable, that he immediately communicated the 
tidings of this great accession of followers to Mr. Wesley, 
who was induced to cross over to Dublin, where he 
arrived on Sunday morning, between eleven and twelve, 
as the church bells were tolling for service. His mind, 
ever anxious to catch at any thing that could be consi- 
dered as a prediction, hailed the omen, and proceeding to 
Mary's church, obtained permission to preach there. 

After continuing some time in Dublin, and preaching 
daily at a Meeting-house in Marlborough-street, he 



200 Ml.THODISTS. 

returned to England, happy at the result of his mission. 
But, he was scarcely gone, when the infuriate mob, 
unable longer to curb their rage, attacked and destroyed 
the chapel, and compelled the pastors to make a speedy 
retreat. Wesley, notwithstanding this, repeatedly visited 
Dublin afterwards, and ultimately succeeded in his 
favourite object. 

The Methodist chapels, belonging to one branch of the 
Wesleyans, in Dublin, are in Great Charles-street, Mount- 
joy-square, and in Great George's-street south; they 
are both very capacious, and the former, called Wesley 
Chapel, has a front of mountain granite, which is in the 
Ionic order, and has three large windows in the second 
story, below a neat pediment, with a plain tympanum ; 
the date of its building (1S00) is over the door. The 
meeting-house in George's-street, stands on a piece of 
ground, lately occupied by a cabinet-makers workshop, 
and is concealed by the houses in front. 

There is another congregation, professing the same doc- 
trine which meets in the Weavers'-hall, on the Coombe, 
in the Earl of Meath's Liberty. 

Those who are not considered Separatists, have a Meet- 
ing-house in Whitefriars-street, to which a book-room and 
alms-house are attached; it is capable of accommodating 
near 1500 persons ; Kendrick-street chapel, near the Royal 
Barracks, is not so spacious. There is another in Cork- 
street, in the Liberty, which has not been opened more 
than five or six years; and a very handsome brick 
building, just erected (1821) in Abbey-street, near the 
Custom-house, and opened for divine service the first 
Sunday in June, upon which occasion, a most able 
discourse wa6 delivered by the Rev. Mr, Clarke, one of the 
pastors of this congregation The Kilhamites have uo 
chapel in Dublin. 



WALKER1TES. 201 

BAPTISTS. 

There is but one Baptist Meeting-house in Dublin, 
which is situated in Swift's Alley. Their doctrine was in- 
troduced into this city in the sixteenth century, at which 
time the first chapel was built, which, falling- into decay, 
was rebuilt on the same site, about the year 1730. The 
ceremony of immersion is performed very properly, in pri- 
vate. This sect supports two schools, one for boys, the 
other for girls; and a charity sermon is annually preached, 
for their support, in the meeting-house of the congregation. 



WALKERITES. 

John Walker, a man of much learning, and formerly 
a fellow of the university of Dublin, conceived certain 
notions, regarding the mode of celebrating service in the 
church of England, which led him to conclude, that he 
could no longer, conscientiously, continue one of its 
members. Upon communicating this change of sentiment 
to the Provost and Board, he was necessarily removed 
from his fellowship, without delay. The leading features 
of his doctrine, besides being entirely calvinistic, are, "Total 
exclusion of all who are not of precisely the same sen- 
timents, as to prayer." Mr. Walker never had many 
adherents, and even those few separated upon points of 
discipline. The zealous founder was of opinion, that 
the words of the Apostle, " salute one another with a 
holy kiss,'* were to be literally understood and acted 
upon, while one of his pupils advised otherwise. 

He continued to instruct his proselytes, in a room in 
Stafford-street; and the separatists withdrew to another 



called the Cutlers' Hall, in Capel-street. Tlie sect is 
now nearly extinct. 

There is another, of somewhat earlier date than 
Walker's, called Kelly's sect ; their doctrines differ little 
from Walker's, though they would wish themselves to be 
considered as distinct. They have no regular place of 
worship in Dublin, but they sometimes meet in a private 
school-room, in Upper Stephen-street, near George's- 
street ; there is a chapel, belonging to this sect, at the 
village of Black Rock, four miles from Dublin. 



MORAVIANS. 



The doctrines and tenets of this sect were first intro- 
duced into this city by Mr. Cennick, about the year 
1740, who was joined in his ministry by Mr. Latrobe, 
a student of Dublin College. Mr. Latrobe's success was 
very considerable ; and in a few years, he obtained a 
meeting-house, and a residence for their elders. The 
former is in Bishop's-street, and the elders' residence joins 
it. In the same street there is a house of refuge for un- 
married females of the Moravian profession, who support 
themselves by their needle- work, which is of the most 
perfect description. There is a widows' house belonging 
to this body ; and the females of the congregation super- 
intend a Sunday school for girls. They have a distinct 
burying-ground, which is about three miles from Dublin, 
a little beyond the village of Rathfarnham. 



QUAKERS. 

The celebrated George Fox, one of the Founders 
>f this sect., passed over from England to Dublin, where 



QUAKERS. 203 

he regulated their meetings, and with the assistance of 
Edmunson, a soldier in Cromwell's army, and afterwards 
a pedlar, who came into the north of Ireland a few years 
previous, he was enabled to raise funds for the building 
of two meeting-houses, one in Bride's-alley, the other at 
Wormwood-gate ; these have gone to decay, and Meath- 
street and Sycamore-alley meeting-houses supply their 
places. — The Quakers of Ireland hold annual meetings 
in Dublin in May, and those of Dublin have monthly 
ones. At one of those meetings it was, that the first 
protest was ever made against the traffic in human flesh, 
called the slave trade, and perhaps this was the origin of 
the bill introduced into the English parliament by 
Mr. Wilberforce, which has immortalized him, and 
given additional lustre to the throne of England. Few 
of the Quakers have been eminent for learning, though 
all are distinguished as persons of good understandings, 
and remarkably honourable in their dealings. John Gough, 
however, a native of Dublin, has w r ritten a treatise 
on Arithmetic, which is in use in every part of the king- 
dom. The number of Quakers in this city, amounts to 
about 1,000. They have no distinct charitable establish- 
ments, but contribute indiscriminately and munificently 
to all. The only establishment of an exclusive nature, 
they support, is a Lunatic Asylum at the village of Donny- 
brook, two miles from Dublin. The Quakers, like the 
Moravians and Jews, have distinct burying grounds 
from other religious sects. Those of Dublin, preserve a 
piece of ground for this purpose hi Merrion-street, and a 
large enclosure in Cork-street. 



204 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 

JEWS. 

Although there are six or seven millions of Jews still 
in existence, yet there are not twelve in the metropolis of 
Ireland ; there were a sufficient number some years back 
to justify their opening a Synagogue, but this has a long 
time been closed, and a glass shop occupies the site in 
Marlborough-street ; the only Synagogue which ever ex- 
isted in Dublin, antecedent to that in Marlborough-street, 
was built by some foreign Jews in Craven-lane. The 
few Jews who remain in Dublin, read their Talmud in 
private, and still preserve a distinct burying ground in 
the neighbourhood of Ballybough-bridge, where are to be 
seen seven monuments with Hebrew inscriptions. 



GERMAN LUTHERANS. 

The German Church is situated in Poobeg-street, near 
the new Theatre, and has been mentioned already by the 
name of the Dutch Church. 



iElumrtpal <@rttmmenk 

The history of the corporation of every city is so in- 
timately connected with the history of the city itself, 
that the most important facts connected with tins cor- 
porate body will be found interspersed in the sketch of the 
History of Dublin, given at the commencement of this 
volume. 

In 1173, a charter of incorporation was granted to 
the inhabitants of Dublin by King Henry II. who, at the 
same time, induced many inhabitants of Bristol to unite 
themselves with the citizens of Dublin, and enjoy the 



MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 205 

advantages of this charter. The chief magistrates of this 
city were originally denominated provost and bailiffs, and 
the first who bore the title of provost, was John Le 
Decer, when Richard de St. Olave and John Stakehold 
were the first bailiffs, A. D. 1308. In the year 1665, 
Charles II. had changed the title of provost to that 
of Lord Mayor, and conferred this honour for the first 
time upon Sir Daniel Bellingham, with a salary of 500/. 
per annum. The last act for the better regulating of the 
corporation of Dublin, and by which the junior guilds 
were greatly benefitted, was past in the year 1760, since 
which time no material change has been made. 

The corporation consists of the Lord Mayor, twenty- 
three Aldermen, two Sheriffs, Sheriffs Peers, who are mem- 
bers for life, and twenty-five guilds. The two component 
parts are denominated the board of Aldermen, and the 
Commons ; the latter consists of the Sheriffs Peers, and 
representatives of the different Guilds ; the Lord May or 
presides at the upper board, and the Sheriffs of the year 
in the lower assembly. The Lord Mayor is elected from 
amongst the Aldermen, by the concurrent voices of both 
assemblies (see prefatory history). The election is made 
at a quarter assembly in April, and he continues to be 
styled Lord Mayor Elect, until the 30th September, at 
which time he enters upon his office. The Aldermen are 
all City Magistrates, and assist the Recorder at oyer 
and terminer. 

The Sheriffs are elected from the Common Council, 
and are obliged to swear that they are worth 2,000/. 
those who have served the office are called Sheriffs 
Peers. The Aldermen are elected by the Board and 
Common Council in conjunction, and it is only necessary 
that he should have been a Sheriffs Peer. The Lord 



'2<H) MANSION-HOUSE, 

Mayor holds a court at his own house, for the trial of 
petty offences and misdemeanours; and the Ex-Lord 
Mayor is president of the Court of Conscience, which is 
held at the city Assembly-house in William-street, and 
where debts are sued for, which do not exceed forty shil- 
lings. The authority of the Lord Mayor extends, not 
only all over the city, but part of the Bay of Dublin is 
considered within hi3 jurisdiction, the limits of his au- 
thority over the watery world are determined in the 
following manner — At low water, his Lordship rides to 
the very water's edge, and from thence throws a dart as 
far as his strength and skill enables him, where it falls, is 
the boundary of his power; — his Lordship then proceeds 
to perambulate the bounds of the city, or of his juris- 
diction ; upon tins occasion, not many years since, all the 
guilds attended, and formed a procession of great splen- 



MANSION-HOUSE. 



The residence of the Right Honourable the Lord 
Mayor of Dublin, stands on the south side of Dawson- 
street, detached from the houses at either side of it, and 
receding some distance from the street. Its appearance 
is unprepossessing, being fronted entirely with brick, and 
built after a design which never could have been grateful 
to the eye. There is, however, an excellent suite of apart- 
ments, capable of accommodating several hundred 
persons, which, number is not unfrequently to be met at 
the convivial assemblies of his Lordship. 

On the left of the hall is a small apartment, called the 
OUt Room, Here is a portrait of King William, a copy, 
by (lubbius, an Irish Artist of high character. There is 



MANSION-HOUSE. 'H)7 

besides, an excellent plate of the late Duke of Richmond 
in his mantle and collar of the illustrious order of St. 
Patrick. Adjoining to this, is the Drawing-room, a spa- 
cious apartment, nearly fifty feet in length, where public 
breakfasts are given. The walls are ornamented with 
portraits of the following persons, Lord Whitworth, late 
Lord Lieutenant; Earl of Hardwicke, by Hamilton; 
over one of the chimney pieces, Alderman Alexander, 
generally called the " father of the city," by Williams ; 
Lord Westmorland, by Hamilton ; and at the end of the 
room is John Foster, Speaker of the Irish House of Com- 
mons, (now Lord Oriel,) holding in his hand a roll of 
parchment, with these words, " Si Pergama dextra defendi 
possent ; etiam hac defensa fuissent." The next is the 
Ball room, generally used for dining in upon gala days; 
this is really a noble apartment, being 55 feet in length ; 
and the walls are lined with wainscotting of Irish oak. 
Near the entrance, are placed the two city swords, the 
mace, and cap: one of the swords is only used upon those 
days on which the collar of SS is worn by the Lord 
Mayor ; this famous collar of SS was given by William 
III. at the solicitation of Bartholomew Vanhomrigh, Lord 
Mayor, in 1697, and it w r as then valued at 1,000/. The 
former collar was presented to the city, in the year 1660, 
by Charles II. and was carried off by Sir Michael 
Creagh, a Lord Mayor of the city, At one end of the 
room is a portrait of his Royal Highness the Duke of 
Cumberland, and at the other that of the late Duke 
of Richmond, painted by Sir T. Lawrence ; over one 
chimney-piece is a portrait of Charles II. and over the 
other one of George II. at an early period of life. 

At the opposite extremity of the ball-room, is a door 
leading into the i:or\ d-roo.m : this spacious and princely 
apartment was built at the sole expense of the rorpo- 



1208 MANSION HOUSE. 

ration of Dublin, 1821, (the Right Honourable A. B. King 
being then Lord Mayor,) for the express purpose of 
entertaining his Gracious Majesty King George IV. who 
was pleased to express an intention of honouring the 
corporation of Dublin with his presence. This room is 
a perfect circle, the diameter of which, being 90 feet, 
is 10 feet greater than the diameter of the Rotunda in 
this City : a corridor, five feet wide, is continued quite round 
the room, so that the external diameter of the entire 
building is about 110 feet; the walls of this mag- 
nificent apartment, which will be a lasting monument of 
the liberality, loyalty and independent spirit of the cor- 
poration, are ornamented with paintings in imitation of 
tapestry. It is lighted by a lanthom 50 feet from the 
floor, and the dome is painted to represent a beautiful sky. 

On the other side of the Mansion-house are several 
rooms also appropriated to public use : the small room 
communicating immediately with the hall, is called the 
Exchequer; the walls are wainscotted with Irish oak, 
and there are some portraits of eminent persons, — the 
Duke of Bolton, — the Earl of Buckinghamshire, (who was 
Lord Lieutenant from October 1777 to December 1780,) 
bearing a scroll in his hand, on which are these words 
" Free trade, October 12th, 1779"— at which time, both 
houses of parliament in Ireland petitioned for, and ob- 
tained, a free trade from his Majesty — the Marquis of 
Buckingham, — and, the Earl of Harcourt. 

Adjoining the Exchequer is a large apartment, 
40 feet long, called the Sheriffs room, and ornamented 
with several excellent portraits, viz. the Duke of 
Northumberland, 1765; Lord Townsend; John Russell, 
Duke of Bedford ; an admirable portrait of Alderman 
Lanhey, by Hamilton, 1792; Alderman Manders, 
1802; and the celebrated Alderman Thorpe, (who was 



CITY ASSEMBLY-HOUSE. 209 

Lord Mayor of Dublin, during the famine in 1800,) by 
Cummins. 

Several designs have been presented for a new Man- 
sion-house, but as yet none have been adopted ; the 
centre of Stephen's-green was suggested as a very ap- 
propriate situation, but the present site is one of the 
most desirable in Dublin, and it is most likely the corpo- 
ration will gradually improve the present edifice, until it 
becomes almost another building. 

On a lawn beside the Mansion-house, is placed an 
equestrian statue of George I. an opening is left in 
the front wall of the enclosure, through which the statue 
is seen from the street, the inscription on the pedestal 
of which is : 

Be it remembered that, at the time when rebellion and disloyalty were 
the characteristics of the day, the loyal Corporation of the City of Dublin 
re-elevated this statue of the illustrious House of Hanover. — Thomas 
Fleming, Lord Mayor.— Jonas Paisley and William Henry Archer, 
Sheriffs.— Anno Domini, 1798, 

This statue originally stood on Essex bridge, but upon 
repairing the bridge, which was much injured by the 
weight of the battlements, was removed to its present 
site, at the expense of the corporation. At the extremity of 
the court-yard, or garden, in which the Round-Room 
stands, are two colossal statues of William III. and 
Charles II. 



CITY ASSEMBLY-HOUSE. 

This building is situated in William-street, at the 
comer of Coppingcr's-row ; and was formerly called the 
Kxhibition-rooni, being erected by the Artists of Dublin, 



'JIM AT.DERMKN OF SKINNERS-ALLEY. 

for the purpose of exhibiting their works. Theft 
is hut one large room in this building, and in this the 
Commons assemble. The board of Aldermen meet in 
another apartment of this building, and quarter assem- 
blies, election of city officers, and various other matters 
relating to the affairs of the corporation, are transacted 
here. The most important dispute that ever occurred in 
the Assembly-house, took place upon the election of the 
present Lord Mayor, (1S21,) A. B.King, Esq. (See History 
of Dublin"). The Court of Conscience is held in a spacious 
room under the assembly-room, the entrance is in Cop- 
pingcr's-ro w. Previously to the purchase of the city assem- 
bly-house, by the corporation, public meetings of the board 
and Common Council, and the Court of Conscience, were 
held in a small building in Skinner-row, called the Tholsel. 
This structure (of which a correct elevation may be seen in 
Malton's Views) was built after a design of the celebrated 
Inigo Jones; the front was richly ornamented, and in 
niches on the second story were placed two gigantic statues 
of Charles II. and James II. in robes and periwigs, now 
preserved in a side aisle of Christ Church Cathedral, but 
no trace of the Tholsel now remains : it stood at the 
corner of Nicholas-street, and the site w r as let for building 
in 1807 by the corporation. 



ALDERMEN OF SKINNER'S-ALLEY. 

In the year 1688, James II. obliged the protestant 
part of the corporation to retire from office, and remain 
in a place of concealment, until more auspicious times: 



TAILORS'-IIALL. 211 

tlie place of their retreat was Skinner's-alley, in the Earl 
of Meath's Liberties ; at length the memorable battle of 
the Boyne restored the Protestant religion to the country, 
and the corporation to its rights. The reinstated corpo- 
rators, impressed with the truth of this motto " Haec olim 
meminisse juvabit," retained the name of the Aldermen 
of Skinner's-allev. 



TAILORS'-HALL. 



The Corporation of Tailors claim the honor of prece- 
dence of all other Guilds, on the ground of antiquity : 
this right, however, has lately been ceded to the Guild of 
Merchants as a matter of courtesy. Their hall is in 
Back-lane, in the neighbourhood of Christ-Church Cathe- 
dral, upon which site they have had a hall for several 
centuries, but the present structure was built in 1710. 
John Shudell, Master of the Corporation. 

The principal apartment is 45 feet by 2 1 : it is orna- 
mented with a gallery at one end, and has the following 
paintings, viz. a full length portrait of King Charles II. ; 
a portrait of Dean Swift ; a painting of the Tailors' 
arms, under which is this appropriate motto, " Nudus fui 
et cooperuisti me;" the Royal Arms as a companion ; a 
head of Charles II.; a very curious painting of St. 
Homohon, a Tailor of Cremona, of whom it is recorded 
beneath " that he gave all his gain and labour to the 
poor, and was canonized for his life and miraculous 
actions in 1316." 

In this hall, the following corporations, not having halls 
peculiarly belonging to their Guild, are penjiktcd to as- 
r 2 



1V1 WE AVERSE-HALL. 

semble; — Butchers, Smiths, Barbers, Saddlers, Glovers, 
Skinners, Curriers, and Joiners. 



WEAVERS'-HALL. 



This hall is situated on the Coombe, in the Earl of 
Meath's Liberties, and is a venerable looking brick build- 
ing, having its front decorated by a handsome statue of 
George II. The principal room, which is 50 feet by 21, 
has an ornamented cove ceiling, and is extremely like 
the apartment in which the historical society met in the 
University of Dublin. At one end hangs a portrait of 
one of the La Touches, who came into this kingdom 
with the French refugees, and greatly encouraged the 
art of Weaving. There is only one other portrait, 
which is of George II. worked in tapestry, and on the 
frame is the following juvenile specimen of poetry, but 
very expressive sentence : 

" The workmanship of John Vanheaver, 
Ye famous tapestry Weaver." 

This is extremely well executed, there is not a better 
piece of workmanship of this description in Dublin, if we 
except the celebrated apartment called the tapestry 
drawing-room, in Waterford-house. This hall is so little 
used, that a congregation of Methodists take advantage 
of its desertion, and assemble there every Sunday and 
holyday. The only Guild wlrich meets here, besides the 
Weavers, is the Guild of Hosiers. 

There are a few other halls belonging to different 
Guilds, the Apothecaries'-hall, in Mary-street ; (see art. 



POLICE ESTABLISHMENT. 213 

Apothecaries'-hall ;) the Carpeuters'-hall, in Andrew's 
Arch; the Goldsmiths, in Golden-lane; the Cutlers, in 
Capel-street ; and the Coopers, in Stafford-street. 



police <£8ta6It9i)mrnt 

Thk first institntion of Police in Dublin, is supposed 
to have taken place in the reign of Elizabeth, but upon 
a very different system from the present; — to this suc- 
ceeded a class of peace preservers, and night guards, 
called watchmen, who were introduced in the reign 
of George I. The watchmen did not preserve the nightly 
<mietof the city so effectually as they might have done, 
for many of them were convicted of aiding in robberies, 
and even murders committed within the city : this led 
Mr. Orde to introduce the Police Act, in 1785. 

Though this body was exceedingly efficient, yet being 
entirely appointed by the government, the citizens be- 
came jealous of their interference, and appeared to feel 
themselves rather under the control of a military force, 
than as having their properties and peace preserved by 
an useful establishment. 

Many attempts were made in parliament to abolish the 
Police, and substitute city guardians, less offensive to the 
inhabitants, and a resistance on the part of government, 
for ten successive years, gave rise to many serious re- 
sults to the nation in general. — At length, in the year 
1795, the Police Act was repealed, and the former mise- 
rable system of watch restored. 

This wretched mode of preserving the peace was con- 
tinued for ten or twelve years, when his grace the Duke 
of Wellington, then Secretary of State in Ireland, intro- 



214 POLICE ESTABLISHMENT. 

dueed the present Police Act, from which the metro- 
polis has derived such infinite advantage : this is now 
matured to a degree of perfection, which the noble 
framer of the act could hardly have contemplated. In- 
stances of the activity of the police constables of Dublin, 
might be multiplied to an infinite extent, but let this ex- 
ample suffice for the present:— The Newry coach, on its 
way to Dublin, was stopped and plundered, at an early 
hour on a winter morning, at a distance of about eighteen 
miles from town ; the coach arrived about eight o'clock ; 
the proprietor immediately gave information of the rob- 
bery at the different offices, and at ten o'clock the of- 
fenders were in custody, and the property carried off 
restored. Of course it will be acknowledged, accidental 
circumstances are to be taken into consideration, but 
granting the position, their knowledge of individual 
malefactors, and their various haunts, together with ex- 
treme activity, are fully demonstrated by this transaction. 

The whole establishment consists of eighteen magis- 
trates, six of whom must be Aldermen ; six Sheriffs Peers ; 
and six Barristers, of not less than six years standing. 
One half of this number is selected by the Government, 
the other by the Common Council. 

Every magistrate receives a salary of 500/. per annum, 
with the exception of the chief magistrate of police, 
whose salary is 600/. per annum. — Besides the various 
robberies and misdemeanors which necessarily occur in 
so large a city, the police establishment take cogni- 
zance of all improprieties and impositions committed by 
drivers of hackney-coaches, cars, and sedan-chair-men, 
&c, — Against all such offenders, complaints must be 
lodged within a few days after the commission of the of- 
fence, or they will not be attended to. 



POLICE ESTABLISHMENT. 215 

There arc six oifices of police in Dublin, one for each 
of the districts into which the city is divided. The prin- 
cipal or head police-office is in Exchange-court; this 
belongs to the Castle Division, the others are in the fol- 
lowing places ; Usher's Quay, James-street, Mountrath- 
street, Marlborough street, and College-street. 

In each of these, three magistrates preside, some one of 
whom is always to be found in attendance, from about 
ten to three o'clock every day, and from six to eight in 
the evening ; one Alderman, one Sheriffs Peer and one 
Barrister, are attached to every office. The police con- 
sists of both a horse patrole and a body of infantry, be- 
sides more than four hundred watchmen, who are 
strictly kept to duty by an officer, and patrole the dis- 
trict at different hours during the night. The horse- 
police, who are lodged in the old Archiepiscopal palace 
in Kevin-street, not only patrole the streets, but the en- 
virons of Dublin to the distance of eight miles, which is 
the limit of the services of this police. There are in the 
neighbourhood, at different distances from the city, police- 
houses, where guards are constantly kept. 

The power lately vested in the superintendant magis- 
trate have been transferred to those of the head office of 
police, which retains thirty-one peace-officers in its 
employment ; while the divisional offices are allowed but 
seven each. — It sends persons on duty not only to all 
parts of Ireland but to England, Scotland, and even the 
Continent. It grants licenses to all hotel-keepers, pub- 
licans, pawn-brokers, &c. There are now 55 pawn- 
brokers, 28 hotel-keepers, 150 licensed hackney-coaehes, 
140 job and 20 mourning coaches, 750 jaunting ears, 
3,700 town cars, 1,600 country cars, 200 brewers drays, 
and (>5 hackney sedans. 

\Vc might suppose, that there was now little alteraliou 



21(> NEWGATE. 

required In this system; a bill, however, will be brought 
lor ward next year (1822) for its farther regulation. 



risotto 



NEWGATE. 

The principal gaol for malefactors of all descriptions 
is situated in Green-street, and bounded by the Little 
Green and Halstein streets ; previous to the building of this 
place of confinement, the gaol was an old castle on the 
town wall, over the gate leading from Cut-purse-row to 
Thomas-street ; and from its situation, derived the name 
of Newgate, which appellation was transferred to the 
present prison. This building, which is after a design of 
Mr. Thomas Cooley, the architect of the Exchange, is 
faced with granite stone, brought from the Dublin Moun- 
tains : the front consists of threa stories, the lower rus- 
ticated, and the two upper perforated by windows di- 
vested of ornament: the centre is surmounted by a 
triangular pediment, and in front of the upper story of 
this part of the building, are the platform and apparatus 
for execution. This building, which stands on a rectan- 
gular piece of ground, 1 70 feet by 130, has at each angle a 
round tower with loop holes to admit light; and one side 
of the prison has no other windows than these apertures. 
In this wing, piisoners of the lowest class were generally 
confined, and from the exorbitant fees or " garnish 
money,'' demanded by the turnkeys, for any accommoda- 
tion however wretched, those unfortunate miscreants 
were compelled to suspend a small cloth bag from those 
loop-holes by a cord, and beg aloud for alms from the 
passenger, of whom they only heard the pacing of their 



NEWGATE. 217 

feet : — this extreme of human misery, together with many 
blameful improprieties practised and countenanced within 
the prison walls, called forth the interference of Mr. W. 
Pole, Secretary of State for Ireland, who made a serious 
reformation in the discipline of Newgate. 

The interior is divided into two nearly equal parts by 
a broad passage, having on either side lofty walls with 
iron gates, through which, visiters may speak with the 
prisoners. At the end of this passage is the gaoler's house, 
the front of which is in Halstein-street ; but the turnkeys 
have apartments in the prison. There is a chapel at- 
tached to the prison, and three chaplains, one of the 
Established Church, one of the Roman Catholic persua- 
sion, and a Dissenting clergyman. 

The cells are not sufficiently numerous for the number 
of criminals that must necessarily be at all times con- 
fined in the gaol of a large city, nor are they of sufficient 
magnitude to accommodate more than one, each being 
only twelve feet long by eight in breadth ; they all open 
into corridors, which look into the court-yard, and are 
locked at night. 

The foundation of this building was laid in 1773, and it 
was opened for the reception of criminals in 1781. It is 
not considered either well situated or strongly built, the 
blocks of stone not being cramped as they are in the 
county-gaol. Few prisoners, however, have ever been 
able to effect their escape, without the connivance of 
the turnkeys. A few years since, when the gaol was 
crowded with convicts, destined for transportation to 
Botany Bay, a conspiracy was formed to break through 
the walls and escape ; but the plot was fortunately de- 
tected in sufficient time to obviate it. The conspirators 
assembled in the prison-yard, and threatened death to 



218 ISWSJMPfl* 

whoever should venture to approach them, and the sen- 
tinels on the summit of the wall were ultimately obliged 
to fire amongst the rioters, by which, order was almost 
immediately restored. 

From that period, no irregidarity or spirit of insubor- 
dination has appeared in the gaol, owing partly to better 
internal arrangement, and partly to a diminution of 
crime in the city, by which the number imprisoned is 
much reduced, 

A design for a new gaol for the city is at present be- 
fore the proper authorities for recommending such a 
change, but it is not quite decided how far it will be 
adopted. 

The county gaol is situated near the Royal Hospital, 
and is called Kilmainham Gaol. A handsome court- 
house has been lately erected close to it, but as neither of 
these are within the city, any detail of them would be 
improper here. 

The internal regulation of both these gaols has been, 
of late, greatly benefitted, and the last improvement 
which has received the sanction of the High Court of 
Parliament, viz. the abolition of fees, has scarcely left 
any thing more to do in the government of prisons, but 
to have the present systems strictly observed. Besides 
the gaoler and his deputy, there are five turnkeys, a sur- 
geon, physician, inspector, and three chaplains : a subal- 
tern guard does duty at the prison. There is one im- 
provement yet wanting in Irish prisons in general, viz. 
the employment of the prisoners, and whoever has visited 
Lancaster Castle will feel strongly the force of tliis ob- 
servation. 



sheriff's prison. % 2['J 



SHERIFF'S PRISON. 

Antecedent to the year L791, persons arrested for 
debts exceeding 10/. were generally lodged in private 
prisons called u Sponging Houses/' where the most in- 
famous practices were permitted, as the unhappy debtor 
would make any sacrifice of his property to be allowed to 
escape before some new claimant seized upon him ; and 
but a few years since, one of those infamous houses 
existed in a court in High-street.— In 1794 the Sheriff's 
prison in Green-street was erected ; it is a large building, 
forming three sides of a square, and having a court-yard 
in the centre. At the first institution of this prison, the 
gaoler, turnkeys, and other officers or servants attached, 
were supported by the rent of the chambers, which was 
very exorbitant, and a considerable rent, above 100/. per 
annum, was paid by a vintner, who had a shop in the 
under-ground story. From such an arrangement, it is 
obvious abuses must have arisen, and vice and infamy 
of every description been encouraged in its growth- The 
Sheriffs preyed upon the head gaoler, he upon his deputy, 
the deputy on the more wealthy part of his prisoners, and 
those again upon the poorer, to whom they let part of 
their rooms at a weekly sum of three or four shillings. But 
happily for the morals of the nation at large, all this scene 
of debauchery, profligacy, gambling, and extortion, has 
vanished with the abolition of gaol fees, and the removal 
of those allurements has diminished the charms of con- 
finement, which a profligate mind never failed to discover 
within the precincts of the Sheriffs' prison. — The court- 
yard in the centre is used as a ball-court, but is much 
too confined for the number of debtors, of whom about 100 



( ITY MAKSHALSEA. 

are usually confined here. The Marshalseaaiul Kilmainham 
gaol, however, afford accommodation to so many of 
those, whose health is impaired by confinement in Green- 
street, and the Insolvent Act removes the Irish debtors so 
quickly, that the number to be seen at present, in this 
prison, is comparatively small to what it formerly was. 
— There is no chaplain or surgeon, nor any means of 
support for the poor debtors, except the contributions 
of their friends and Powell's gratuity. This last resource 
is derived from a property of 700/. per annum, be- 
queathed by Mr. Powell, (formerly confined in this gaol,) 
and vested in the hands of the Lord Mayor and board of 
Aldermen, in order to be distributed amongst the poor 
debtors at Christmas. 



CITY MARSHALSEA. 

Tins wretched mansion is a mean-looking brick build- 
ing, intended solely for the confinement of persons ar- 
rested for debts under 10/. ; in general they do not ex- 
ceed forty shillings ; the debtors are committed by the de- 
crees of the Lord Mayor's Court and the Court of Con- 
science. The interior exhibits a picture of the deepest 
distress and misery. Very frequently, benevolent persons 
send sums of money to this prison to procure the discharge 
of a number of those creatures, and there cannot be a 
more truly charitable mode of giving an oblation, as a 
large family of infant children is probably dependent on 
the poor prisoner for existence. 

Before the erection of this building, which is between 
the Sheriff's prison and the Sessions-house in Green-street, 



FOUR COURTS MARSHALSEA. 2*21 

the poor debtors were confined in a wretched hovel on 
the merchants' quay, having a window without glazing, 
secured by iron bars : at this window one or two of them 
stood, holding a box with a small hole in the top, and 
earnestly supplicated charity from every passer-by. 
This melancholy appeal is now spared to the public, 
but the unfortunate prisoner is not relieved by the 
concealment of his misery. 



FOUR COURTS MARSHALSEA. 

This place of confinement, situated in Marshalsca- 
lane, in Thomas-street, is also intended for debtors. 
Here are placed not only the debtors whose health has 
been injured by confinement in the unwholesome air of the 
Sheriff's prison, but others from various parts of Ire- 
land who are anxious to take the benefit of the Insolvent 
Act. — The building consists entirely of lime-stone, and 
may be said to have no principal front ; it is separated 
from Marshalsea-lane by a high wall, unbroken by any 
aperture. 

The situation is extremely healthy, being on the very 
summit of a rising ground and on the southern bank of 
the LifFey. In the prison are two court-yards, one, sur- 
rounded by the chambers of the debtors, has pumps in 
its centre, which yield a constant supply of water. In 
the other court is a cold bath. Here are likewise a 
chapel, several common-halls, a ball-court, and tolerably 
good accommodation for the debtors : indeed, from tin 
great fluctuation in the number of prisoners committed 
to this Marshalsea, it woidd be a matter of great dilli- 



"222 sissions noisn. 

< -ulty to decide, whether or not it ought to be enlarged.— 
There is one desideratum yet, in the construction of this 
place of confinement, viz. a perfect ventilation, which 
might be accomplished by perforating the wall in Mar- 
shalsea-lane : this was suggested by Francis Johnston, 
Esq. some time back, who also showed that it would not 
be attended with any diminution of security to the 
prison, but it has not yet been adopted. 



SESSIONS HOUSE. 

In the year 1702, the first stone of the Sessions House 
in Green-street was laid by Henry Gore Sankey, then 
Lord Mayor of Dublin, and trials were held there in five 
years after. The front consists of six three-quarter 
columns supporting a triangular pediment with a plain 
tympanum ; between the columns in the second story are 
circular-headed windows, and in the lower story blank 
windows, to preserve uniformity; the doors on either side 
are approached by a flight of steps, which is continued 
along the entire front, and terminated by a broad platform, 
from which the columns rise. — There is another front 
corresponding to this, in Halstein-street, leading to the 
apartments in which the agents sit during contested 
elections. 

The interior of the court-house is lofty and spacious ; 
the centre in front of the bench is occupied by the table 
for the examination of witnesses, the dock, &c. ; on each 
side is a gallery, part of which is appropriated to the jury, 
and the remainder to the accommodation of the public. 



MANORS. 22S 

The ceiling, which is Hat, is supported by four large pillars 
of the Ionic order; and, upon crowded occasions, the court 
is capable of being extremely well ventilated. 

There are four distinct courts held in the Sessions 
House. The Quarter Sessions, which, as the name im- 
ports, are held four times each year. The Recorder and 
two Aldermen at least preside at this court, and try petty 
offences. The court is opened by the Right Hon. the 
Lord Mayor, who goes in procession from the Mansion 
House to Green-street, and back again on the opening of 
the Sessions. 

The court of Oyer and Terminer sits about six times 
each year in this court-house, and tries for crimes of a 
blacker nature than are brought before the court of 
Quarter Sessions. On this occasion two of the Puisne 
Judges preside. 

The Lord Mayor's court sits every Thursday, and re- 
gulates all disputes relative to journeymen, apprentices, 
servants, &c. At tins court his Lordship and the two 
Sheriffs preside. 

The Recorder's court is held in January, April, July, 
and October. At this court various offences and mis- 
demeanors are tried, and actions are brought for debt by 
civil-bill process. In this court were held all the State 
Trials of 1798 and 1803. 



JHnnore* 

There are four manor courts attached to the city, 
Grange Gorman or Glasnevin, Thomas Court and Donore, 
St. Sepulchre's and the Deanery of St. Patrick's. — The 



224 MANOR OF TIIOM VS COURT AND DONORE. 

manors were town lauds united to the city, hut still pre- 
serving their own jurisdiction. 

The manor of Grange Gorman includes that part of 
Dublin on the north, which lies in the neighbourhoods of 
Glasnevin and Mountjoy-square. The Seneschal holds 
his court in a private house in Dorset-street, at the corner 
of the circular road. He has in his employment a Mar- 
shal and Register. — The lord of this manor is the Dean of 
Christ-church. 



MANOR OF THOMAS COURT AND DONORE. 

In the year 154.5, Henry VIII. granted the monastery 
of Thomas- court, with a carucate of land, to William 
Brabazon, ancestor of the Earl of Meath, since which 
period the appointment of the Seneschal, Registrar, Ike. 
are vested in the Meath family. The court-house is a 
wretched brick building in Thomas-court, Thomas-street, 
where small debts are sued for, before the Seneschal, 
whose powers were formerly very considerable within his 
own boundaries ; but the improvements in the govern- 
ment of the city in general, have rendered the exertion 
of those powers unnecessary. The court was first 
established in the reign of King John, and its jurisdiction 
extended over the principal part of the liberties and part 
of the environs at the south side of the city. 



MANOR OF THE DEANERY OF ST. PATRICK'*. '225 



MANOR OF ST. SEPULCHRE. 

The court-house and prison of St. Sepulchre are si- 
tuated at the end of the long lane in Kevin-street, near 
the New Meath Hospital, and opposite an old wall which 
enclosed the garden where the celebrated Dean Swift was 
in the habit of walking a certain number of hours every 
day, when he did not wish to mingle with the world. 

The court-house is a modern building, and fronted with 
mountain-granite. The jurisdiction of this court, as far 
as relates to the city of Dublin, is confined to part of St. 
Peter's, in which are St. Kevin's parish, and the parish of 
St. Nicholas Without. The Seneschal of these Liberties 
is appointed by the Archbishop of Dublin, who is the 
Lord of the Manor of St. Sepulchre. Before the erection 
of the present court-house, the Seneschal sat in the 
Archiepiscopal-palace in Kevin-street, now occupied by 
the horse-police. — The prison for debtors, in this manor, 
is at the rear of the New Court-house. 



MANOR OF THE DEANERY OF ST. 
PATRICK'S. 

The Dean of St. Patrick's is Lord of this Manor, which 
extends only a few hundred yards on each side of the 
cathedral ; it is inhabited by some of the very poorest 
people in the city, and the court of the manor has been 
discontinued. The only advantage its poor inhabitants 
possess is, that they are exempt from the jurisdiction of 



2'2() HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 

other courts, as to the recovery of trifling debts, and 
sometimes elude the clutches of the bailiff by flying for 
refuge to the confines of their own manor. 



Statists of CttTtttum* 



DUBLIN PENITENTIARY. 

This extensive building is situated on the circular 
road at the south side of Dublin, near New-street ; and is 
built of lime-stone, the ornamental parts being granite. 
The entrance is through a large gate of particularly 
heavy and durable workmanship. A Barbican, after the 
manner of that of a Feudal Castle, is placed in front, con- 
nected by screen walls with flanking towers ; this is 
merely an out- work, and is separated from the body of 
the building by a wide passage, intended as a rope- walk. 
On the frieze of the cornice, ornamenting the upper story 
of the building, is this appropriate inscription : — 

" Cease to do evil, learn to do well." 

And over the porter's lodge the city arms are sus- 
pended, with the words 

" Obedientia civium urbis felicitas. " 

Certainly a good motto, and likely to have its effect, if 
the wretched miscreants who are brought in here under- 
stood Latin; yet something more adapted to the capacities 
of those for whom it is intended ought to be substituted 
in lieu of this abstract sentence in a dead language. 

The interior is divided into two extensive courts 
entirely encompassed with buildings ; the dormitories arc 
cells opening to a corridor, having doors at each end 



RICHMOND GENERAL PEN ITENTI AIIY. 'I'll 

which are locked at night. The second floor is devoted 
to purposes of industry. The males and females occupy 
distinct parts of the building, and both are kept closely 
to employment. The male convicts are only in a mode- 
rate state of subordination ; but the female criminals, 
partly owing to the exertion of several humane and reli- 
gious persons who regularly visit this place of confine- 
ment, are brought to such habits of industry and pro- 
priety, that they have more distinct notions of morality 
and religion, upon quitting the House of Correction, than 
when they entered it ; which is the reverse in almost all 
other prisons. 

Attached to this gaol is a large garden of three acres 
and a half, well cultivated by the male convicts, and 
capable of supplying the prison with vegetables; from 
which, about three years since, a considerable number of 
the convicts escaped ; but this was owing to a discarded 
turnkey, who reserved a key of the garden gate upon his 
dismissal, which he gave to some of the prisoners. 

Tins establishment occupies altogether about five acres 
of ground, and cost about 30,000/. which was levied on 
the city of Dublin. The first stone was laid 1813, by 
the late Duke of Richmond, then Lord Lieutenant of Ire- 
land. The principal keeper is appointed by the grand jury. 

Another house of correction, commonly called " Bride- 
well," situated in Smithfield, was opened for the recep- 
tion of young criminals, in 1801. 



RICHMOND GENERAL PENITENTIARY. 

Tins penitentiary is situated in Grange Gorman lane, 
adjoining the House of Industry. The front towaidfl 
q 2 



228 RICHMOND GENERAL PENITENTIARY. 

Grange Gorman-lane measures 700 feet, and consists of a 
centre of considerable breadth, crowned by a large pedi- 
ment, and wings of great extent ; the portals are at a 
distance from the main body of the building, and are 
connected by high curtain walls. There is an extremely 
handsome cupola, containing a clock with four dials, 
over the centre of the front, which is built of a black 
stone, quarried in the vicinity of Dublin ; the ornamental 
parts are all of mountain-granite. The general appear- 
ance of this facade is very imposing, and calculated to 
produce in the mind of the approaching criminal, an im- 
pression of hopeless incarceration, and compel him to re- 
sign at once every idea of liberty, unless deserved by a 
reformation of conduct. 

This extensive building, the first stone of which was laid 
in 1812, by the late Duke of Richmond, then Lord Lieute- 
nant, is after a design of Francis Johnston, Esq. and 
cost upwards of 40,000/. 

At the rear of the building, retired from all communi- 
cation with its other parts, are a number of cells, where 
the culprits are enclosed in solitary confinement on their 
first admission ; they are, in proportion to their conduct, 
gradually removed into others more cheerfully situated, 
where they are permitted to hold intercourse with their 
fellow-creatures, an enjoyment at first denied them : and 
should they continue improving in habits of morality and 
industry, they are ultimately permitted to join those who 
have undergone the same beneficial ordeal with them- 
selves. 



DALEM ASYLUM. 229 



MAGDALEN ASYLUM. 

This asylum is placed in Leeson-street, near Stephen's 
Green ; the house is faced with brick, and not remarkable 
as a building. It was the first of this description opened 
in Dublin; was founded by Lady Arabella Denny; and 
opened on the 11th of June, 1766. Its objects are the 
protection and subsequent reformation of deserted females, 
who having at first departed from the paths of virtue, 
have become disgusted with vice, and seek the means of 
becoming qualified to associate again with moral society. 

In order to accomplish this truly Christian and charita- 
ble object, this asylum was opened by the amiable 
foundress. Its means of support are, the interest of 
2,000/. raised by originally voluntary subscriptions, the 
collection of the annual charity-sermon and the Sunday 
collections of the chapel. The produce of the penitents' 
labour is partly bestowed upon them, as an incentive to 
industry, and part of it is reserved for donations to them 
upon their being restored to proper habits, and permitted 
to quit the asylum. 

The chapel attached to this institution is capable of 
containing upwards of 500 persons, and is always crowded 
to excess, by visitors too of the most respectable classes ; 
consequently, the Sundays' collections are considerable, 
probably amounting to 500/. per annum. This is to be 
attributed to various causes, — first, the great interest ex- 
cited for the charity, by the excellent Lady, the foundress, 
which has been preserved by females of the highest rank 
in society, who have largely contributed themselves ; se- 
condly, this chapel has been remarkable for being supplied 
formany years with the most popular preachers of the me- 



l 2:3() LOCK PENITENTIARY. 

tropolis. Should a stranger inquire where he can hear 
an eloquent preacher, and see an exemplary character at 
the same time, he may gratify his curiosity, and receive 
improvement together, by attending the Asylum Chapel 
and healing Mr. Dunne. Mr. Dunne's predecessor, Dr. 
Nash, was also an excellent preacher, and greatly improved 
the funds of this institution by his meritorious exertions. — 
Divine service is performed every Sunday, commencing 
at 12 o'clock precisely. 



LOCK PENITENTIARY. 

About the year 1789, a chapel was opened in Dorset- 
street, called the Bethesda, at the sole expense of William 
Smyth, Esq. of Granby-row, in this city, nephew of Dr. 
Arthur Smyth, Archbishop of Dublin, whose monu- 
ment may be seen in the great aisle of St. Patrick's Cathe- 
dral. (See Patrick's Cathedral.) Mr. Smyth added 
an Orphan School and Asylum for female children only, 
who are lodged in apartments over the chapel. 

To this was annexed, in 1794, a Penitentiary or Asylum 
for the reception and employment of destitute females, 
leaving the Lock Hospital. Those wretched creatures 
are accommodated in an excellent house attached to the 
chapel, and are supported by contribution, by the collec- 
tions in the chapel, and by the produce of their own 
labour, in calendering, washing, mangling, &c. 

The chapel, which has lately been much enlarged, is 
spacious and convenient, but perfectly free from any 
species of ornament. Divine service is performed here at 
the usual hour of the established church, and the attend- 
ance is extremely numerous and respectable, so that it is 



BOW-STREET ASYLUM. '231 

Very 'iiiicult for a stranger to procure a seat. — The at- 
tendants of this chapel are not considered to be, strictly 
speaking-, members of the established religion, nor do 
clergymen of any church in the diocese officiate here, 
which was not so formerly. The last chaplain was John 
Walker, fellow of the University of Dublin, and founder 
of a religious sect which bears his name. The present 
chaplain is Mr. Matthias, the most distinguished pulpit 
orator in the kingdom. — The performance of divine ser- 
vice at this chapel is rendered more affecting and im- 
pressive than in most other places of worship, owing to 
the plaintive melancholy tone in which the responses are 
delivered by the penitents, who are concealed from view 
by a curtain in front of their seat. 



BOW-STREET ASYLUM. 

This asylum was established by a Mr. Dillon, a mer- 
chant now residing at Monte Video, in South America. 
He had been, when an infant, left at the door of a brick- 
layer in Bow-street, and was reared by him, and taught 
the same mode of employment ; returning from labour one 
evening he was interrupted by a wretched female, who 
endeavoured to seduce his virtuous mind from its purer 
course; but virtue triumphed over vice, and he suc- 
ceeded in persuading the unfortunate female to accept of 
support from him until an asylum was procured, which 
would afford her permanent shelter. While Dillon was 
employed in this noble undertaking, he was acknowledged 
by his parents, and succeeded to an inheritance of consi- 
derable value, part of wluch he bestowed upon his 
favourite and charitable project. Mr. Dillon shortly 



232 DUBLIN 'FEMALE PENITENTIARY. 

after withdrew from Ireland, but the asylum continues in 
a flourishing condition, and gives protection to above 
40 penitents. The chaplain of this asylum is a Roman 
Catholic clergyman. 



TOWNSEND-STREET ASYLUM. 

This little asylum is also supported by Roman Catho- 
lics, although it admits persons of all religious persuasions. 
It was founded by a few weavers from the Liberty, in 
whom nature had implanted correct moral notions, and 
who voluntarily associated for the management, and sub- 
scribed for the support of this very desirable charity. 

The penitents are supported by contribution and the 
produce of their industry in washing, mangling, &c. 



DUBLIN FEMALE PENITENTIARY. 

This penitentiary originated in the feeling disposition 
and amiable minds of a few females of respectability, at 
the north end of the city. In 1813, a large commodious 
house was erected for the penitents, in an extremely 
healthy situation on the North Circular-road, near Eccles- 
street, behind which is a chapel of considerable dimensions, 
and having an approach from the road for strangers. The 
penitents are employed in washing, mangling, &c. and 
those who are capable are allowed to devote their ex- 
ertions to fancy works, which are disposed of at a repo- 
sitory in one of the wings of the building. 



ASYLUMS. 2&J 

There are in general about 30 females on the esta- 
blishment. Besides the produce of their labour, and occa^ 
sional donations, there is an annual sermon preached at 
some of the churches in town for the support of these 
penitents. 



Stadiums* 

Besides those already mentioned, there are several 
others through the city and suburbs equally deserving of 
being pointed out as examples worthy of imitation. The 
widows' house, in James-street, was founded by John 
Loggins, a coach-driver, who miraculously escaped de- 
struction, when Kilcullen-bridge fell down, the coach 
having gained the bank at the moment the entire bridge 
fell into the river. Upon another occasion the life of this 
excellent man was spared, when he happened to fall asleep 
in the stall with one of his horses, which was known to 
be a remarkably vicious animal, and had maimed several 
persons before. These providential interferences influ- 
enced the mind of Loggins so powerfully, that he 
bestowed all his savings on an alms-house, which he had 
the happiness to see supported with great spirit and bene- 
volence by the parishioners of St. James's. 

There are widows' houses in the following places: — 
one in Great Britain-street; and another in Denmark- 
street, commonly called " Fortick's alms-house ;'' both 
which supply the use of apartments and two guineas per 
annum to the aged inmates. In Dorset-street there is an 
alms-house founded by the La-Touches, in which the re- 
sidents arc allowed 2*. 6d. per week, together with the 
use of comfortable apartments. There are thirteen alms- 



VH 



ASYLUMS. 



houses, attached to parishes: the first in importance is an 
asylum for clergymen's widows, in Mercer-street, which 
gives excellent lodgings, in addition to a gratuity of 10/. 
per annum, to six poor ladies, who have been accustomed 
to a more respectable situation in life ; this was founded 
by Lady Anne Hume, upon the model of an extensive 
asylum for the same purpose in Waterford. The Presby- 
terians support an alms-house in Cork-street ; the Inde- 
pendents in Plunket-street ; the Moravians in White 
Friars-street : and the Roman Catholics one in Clarke' s- 
court, Great Ship-street ; another in Archibald's-court, 
Cook-street ; and a third in Liffey-street. 

On Summer-hill is an asylum for aged and infirm female 
servants ; upon producing certificates of good behaviour 
during their service with their several masters or mis- 
tresses, they are admitted to the advantages of this place 
of refuge. 

Mrs. Blachford opened an asylum in Baggot-street, 
called " The House of Refuge;" none but young women, of 
unquestionable character, are admitted into this, where 
they are employed in plain-work and washing, until they 
are provided with eligible places. 

Mrs. H. Tighe, the author of Psyche, bestowed the 
purchase-money given for that very beautiful poem, upon 
this excellent institution, which was founded by her 
mother. 

There is another House of Refuge, in Stanhope-street, 
Grange Gorman, for similar purposes, where between 
twenty and forty females have shelter and protection 
while seeking for employment. 

In Russell-place, on the North Circular-road, is an 
Asylum for old men; none are admitted under sixty years 
of age, nor of any religion but the established church. 



CHARITABLE ASSOCIATIONS. 



Charitable Associations, 

Sick and Indigent Room-keepers. — In the year 1791, 
the respectable part of the inhabitants in the neighbour- 
hood of Ormond Market associated, for the purpose of re- 
lieving- the poor of their parish, who were unwilling to beg 
and unable to work, and who had retired into some 
miserable garret, to pine away in wretchedness and 
despair. This humane, unostentatious, and religious 
charity was at its first institution ardently assisted, and at 
length spread its amiable example over the whole city ; 
four committees were appointed : the Stephen's Green, 
Rotunda, House of Industry, and Barrack, each of which 
employs persons to find out proper objects of their bounty, 
and lay the cases before the committee of that division. 
The advantages of this association, which is supposed to 
have relieved a greater number of individuals than any 
other in the metropolis, were brought into action by the 
indefatigable zeal of Mr. Rosborough. (See Statistical 
Survey of Dublin.) 

The Stranger's Friend Society was instituted about the 
same period by Dr. Clarke : it is supported chiefly by 
the methodists, and professes to give relief to all religious 
persuasions. 

The Charitable Association meet at the Bethesda chapel; 
their object is the relief of all but street beggars, and to 
procure work for the industrious poor. 

The Society for the Relief of the Industrious Poor meets 
at the House of Refuge, in Dorset-street ; it is supported 
by subscription, and was established by the Quakers. 

The Debtor :; Friend Society was first established in 



23() ( IIARIT \JJLK ASSOCIATIONS. 

the year 1775, but was, after a short experience of its 
effects, abandoned ; it was, however, revived about the 
year 1814; its object is the release of debtors confined 
hi the Marshalsea for sums not exceeding 5/. ; the debt 
must not have been contracted for spirituous liquors, or 
any improper purpose. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs 
are " ex officio'' members of the committee for the ma- 
nagement of this fund. 

The confined debtors also have assistance from a 
charitable bequest of 7001. left by Mr. Powel, who had 
been imprisoned for debt some years ago. The interest 
of this sum is employed in purchasing bread, beef, and 
fuel, which are distributed among the confined debtors at 
Christmas, together with Is. Id. to each person. 

A charitable loan, called the Goldsmiths' Jubilee, was 
established in the year 1809, the year of the jubilee, cele- 
brated as the fiftieth anniversary of the late king's acces- 
sion. The object of it is, to afford an asylum to the aged 
and infirm members of that trade, who are comfortably 
lodged in the village of Rathfarnam, two miles from 
Dublin ; it is entirely supported by persons in the same 
trade. 

The Ouzel Galley Association derives its name from a 
vessel which lay, in 1700, in Dublin harbour, and was the 
occasion of a lengthened and complicated trial, that was 
ultimately arranged by an arbitration of several respectable 
merchants in Dublin. It consists of 37 members, a re- 
gister, and secretary, who determine commercial dif- 
ferences by arbitration, and the costs of the proceedings 
are bestowed upon different charities. 

The Musical Fund Society is for the relief of distressed 
musicians and their families exclusively ; those who sub- 
scribe 1 uiving a claim on the association, and an allow- 



CHARITABLE ASSOCIATIONS. 2-37 

ance to their families after their death. Members pay from 
two to ten guineas on their admission, the precise sum to 
be regulated by the age of the person admitted. This 
society was founded by Mr. Cooke, of the orchestra of 
Smock-alley Theatre, 1787, and incorporated by act of 
parliament in 1794. The chief support is derived from a 
public concert, called the " Commemoration of Handel." 

In the thirty-sixth year of George the Third, an act was 
passed for the encouragement of " Friendly Societies," 
which induced the Teachers of Dublin to associate, for 
the purpose of accumidating a Fund for their own relief, 
in the event of a reverse of fortune, and for the relief of 
orphans and widows of members of that profession. The 
society is denominated The Society for the Relief of dis- 
tressed Literary Teachers and their Families. At the first 
institution of tliis society it was called the " Abecedarian 
Society,'' which name was exchanged for the present ap- 
pellation. There are at present 50 members, two of whom 
are Fellows of the University, and of course honorary 
members ; and the society have 2000/. in the treasurer's 
hands. (For further information see printed rules and 
regulations.) 

The Charitable Loan was established in 1780, and in- 
corporated by act of parliament. It was instituted by the 
patrons of the Musical Fund Society, and meets every 
Thursday in the vestry-room of St. Anne's Church. The 
object of this charity is to relieve distressed tradesmen, 
by lending them sums of money, not less than two, nor 
more than five, pounds, without interest, which is to be 
repaid by instalments of sixpence per week. During the 
drawing of the lottery they decline lending. 

The Meath Charitable Society was established by the 
Kev. J. Whitelaw, author of the History of Dublin 



'2o8 MENDICITY ASSOCIATION. 

This association has afforded considerable relief to the poor 
weavers of the Earl of Meath's Liberties, by lending 
sums, not less than 51. and not exceeding 20/., interest 

free. 



MENDICITY ASSOCIATION. 

The absence of poor-rates, or any other system of re- 
gulating and bettering the condition of mendica nts in 
Ireland, filled the streets of every town in Ireland with 
importunate applicants for alms ; the passenger landing 
on the pier of Howth, or the quay of the Pigeon-house, 
is immediately assailed by a crowd of miserable beings, 
half naked, vociferating in opprobrious language, if the 
application for charity be not attended to. The streets of 
Dublin itself, but three years ago, were so crowded with 
mendicants, that whenever a well-dressed person entered 
a shop to purchase any thing, the door and window s were 
darkened by the crowds of beggars, awaiting his egress to 
prefer their claims of being the first who came up. The 
spirited exertions of a few individuals have completely 
changed the face of the city in this point of view, in the 
space of a few years ; very few mendicants are to be 
seen in the streets, and the public have the pleasing idea 
connected with their absence, that they are usefully em- 
ployed and comfortably provided for. 

The association commenced its proceedings in January, 
1818, in despite of violent opposition from numbers of 
their fellow-citizens. Subscriptions, however, were 
largely and willingly given; charity sermons, preached for 
the support of the institution, were numerous and bene- 
ficial ; the inhabitants, likewise, consent, almost unani- 



MENDICITY ASSOCIATION. 239 

mously, to pay a small tax, according to their means, for 
the suppression of mendicity. 

The first house taken as an asylum and work-house, 
was that belonging to the old Dublin Society, in Hawkins- 
street, now the New Theatre On its being purchased by 
the patentee, the association applied to the Lord Lieute- 
nant for the barracks in George's street, which would have 
been granted to them, but for the interference of St. An- 
drew's parishioners, who seemed to think it would greatly 
injure the respectable trade of that neighbourhood ; there- 
fore the present premises in Copper-alley were finally de- 
termined on. 

The poor are employed in various works, such as 
lace-making, picking oakum, pounding oyster shells, 
sweeping streets, spinning, netting, making and mending 
clothes, &c. 

Besides the establishment in Copper-alley, the associ- 
ation have other apartments in Fleet-street, and a very 
extensive school for the children of the paupers, where 
they are not only educated but taught useful trades. From 
this school apprentices are frequently taken by shop- 
keepers through the city. 

Though the advantages of the association are now 
obvious, yet the custom of giving alms in the street is 
not totally discontinued ; and very lately, a circular 
letter was sent to the inhabitants, entreating them to 
withhold their charity from mendicants, and direct them 
to the association for relief. 

The affairs of the association are under the control of 
the Right Honorable the Lord Mayor, president, and 
twelve vice presidents, assisted by a committee. IILs 
Excellency the Lord Lieutenant is Patron. 



'240 INCORPORATED SOCIETY. 

^rijools for tyt <£UtKAtum of 



INCORPORATED SOCIETY. 

The Incorporated Society, which meets at a lar-2. 
handsome brick building, in Aungier-street, not far 
from St. Peter's church, was incorporated by act of parlia- 
ment, in 1790. The plan was suggested by the example 
of Scotland; and in the year 1793, the Duke of Dorset, 
then Lord Lieutenant, raised large subscriptions amongst 
the nobility and gentry of Ireland, for the endowment of 
charter schools. Twenty-nine schools were established 
throughlrelandforthe rearing and educating of protestant 
children solely, that is, the children were to be reared in 
the protestant faith alone. Of these charter schools, two 
are situated in Dublin, one in Kerin-street, in the once 
splendid residence of the Coopers, and the other in Upper 
Baggot-street, in a large brick building. 

Kevin-street school generally contains about 200 girls, 
and Baggot-street maintains and educates 60. The 
moral education is also intrusted to the care of the 
master and mistress of each school, subject to the in- 
spection of the catechist (a clergyman), who attends 
once each week, for the purpose of lecturing and examin- 
ing the children in the sacred scriptures. 

The affairs of the incorporated society arc managed by 
a committee of fifteen persons, most of them bishops, 
who meet at the society's house, in Aungier-street, every 
Wednesday. His Excellency is President. 



DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 



241 



ERASMUS SMITH'S SCHOOLS. 

In the rebellion of 1641, an enormous property was 
sequestered, part of which was adjudged by the Commis- 
sioners of the Act of Settlement to Erasmus Smith, Esq., 
who endowed with it sundry grammar schools, and left a 
fund for establishing professorships in the university. 
The directors of tins fund were incorporated by Charles II. 
and enabled to economize, farm, and bestow the funds 
on various objects, by an act of George I. These go- 
vernors are numerous and respectable, the Primate, Lord 
Chancellor, and Provost of Trinity College, are ex officio 
governors. Several schools have been endowed through 
the kingdom, and two have lately been opened in Dublin, 
one on the Coombe, in the Liberty, and a second in 
New Brunswick-street ; in both places excellent school- 
houses have been built, and the children are taught 
reading, writing, and the elements of a sound education. 



DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 



Though this institution is not within the city, being 
situated at Claremont, near the village of Glasnevin, yet 
it is an establishment of such national importance that a 
detail of the present state of the metropolis cannot omit 
some account of it. 

A few years ago, the celebrated Robinson, who had 
been instrumental in bringing Romana's army from 
Denmark, proposed to the government of Ireland to es- 
tablish and direct a national school, for instructing the 



242 DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 

deaf and dumb on Abbe Sicard's plan ; but the project 
then failed. Afterwards, in consequence of a course of 
public lectures delivered on the subject in Dublin, by 
Dr, C. Orper, in 1816, and of the extraordinary interim 
excited by the exhibition of a young deaf and dumb boy, 
whose progress (after only three months instruction) in 
calculation, and in written language, as also in conveying 
his meaning, even by articulate sounds, afforded a practical 
illustration of the efficacy of the project. In consequence 
of which, the present institution was founded under the 
patronage of the then Viceroy, and is the only one now in 
Ireland. 

The school at first opened with only eight pupils, in a 
room of the Penitentiary in Smithfield, for a short time 
allotted to the purpose by the governors of the House of 
Industry. 

In 1817, the subscribers hired a small house, but their 
school even then comprised only eleven boarders and 
five day scholars. 

The members of this new institution, having for some 
time managed their funds with the greatest ceconomy, 
were, in the year 1819, first enabled to form a regular 
establishment, by the purchase of above eighteen acres 
of ground at Claremont, near Glasnevin ; by the ap- 
pointment of a respectable superintendant, who received 
instructions in this peculiar art of teaching in different 
institutions in Great Britain for the deaf and dumb ; by 
the appointment also of a new assistant teacher, matron, 
steward, and other officers ; by gradually increasing the 
number of scholars to above thirty male and twelve 
female pupils; and/lastly, by forming auxiliary societies in 
several parts of Ireland, for selecting pupils to be instruct- 






DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 'i-5-> 

ed, clothed and dieted hi this national institution, all which 
was effected without any pecuniary aid from government 
The business of the institution is under the direction of 
a numerous, highly respectable, active, and zealous 
committee, who are elected annually, and meet once a 
month, or oftener when necessary ; but as to matters of 
ordinary routine, they are assisted by sub-committees 
who meet on the spot, viz. 1. The farm sub-committee, 
at the head of which is the Bishop of Kildare, and gen- 
tlemen well acquainted with fanning concerns, under 
whose judicious direction, agricultural and garden em- 
ployment has been found sufficient to occupy the boys 
with great advantage, as well to their health as to their 
habits of industry when out of school. 2. A sub-com- 
mittee for the conduct of household concerns, who em- 
ploy a few of the boys in making baskets and B&tq, 
tailoring and other trades ; and the girls (who occupy a 
distinct building and play-ground) are also employed, 
when not in school, in needle- work, house-work, laundry 
and dairy management, by which measures con- 
siderable ceconomy is effected. 3. There is a sub- 
committee of the schools, who have devoted much of 
their time towards improving the mode of educating this 
unfortunate class; and who by study, as well as by 
actual visits at most of the continental and British 
institutions, with which also they correspond, and from 
practical information attained in superintending, have 
acquired considerable information on this particular 
subject This sub-committee have also a regular 
periodical examination of the progress of each indivi- 
dual pupil, and the effect of all this attention on the 
part of the committees and teachers has been, that they 
have now (1821) attained such excellence in their methods 
r2 



244 ASYLUMS FOR THE BLIND. 

of instruction, that some pupils of this institution have 
lately made as much advance in a few months, as those 
of other institutions have done in as many years. 

The institution is open to all visiters on Wednesdays 
during - school hours, i. e. between nine and two, but not 
at any other time, except to benefactors introduced by a 
written order from one of the committee, which is only 
given when such persons are unable to attend on the 
public day, as the constant attendance of visiters was 
found to interrupt the progress of instruction, and the 
other important duties of the officers of the institution. 
Those who most frequently visit this interesting esta- 
blishment, are as much struck with the amiable manners 
and dispositions of the pupils as with their talents and 
industry. 

The superintendant has a separate private establish- 
ment for the education of male and female children of the 
higher ranks, whether they are deaf and dumb or only 
have impediments in their speech, and these live in all 
respects as members of his family. 



ateglttm* for tyz 3»Iiirti* 



SIMPSON'S HOSPITAL. 

This asylum was established by George Simpson, a 
merchant of this city, who himself laboured under a 
disorder of the eyes, and was a complete martyr to the 
gout; it was natural enough therefore that his own 
sufferings should have directed his attention to the me- 
lancholy situation of many, who, like himself, sustained 



-ASYLUMS FOR THE BLIND. 245 

the tortures of the gout, or a partial or even total blind- 
ness, while they were not possessed of pecuniary means 
to render their situation tolerable ; he accordingly be- 
queathed his estate, in 1778, for the foundation of a 
hospital for blind and gouty men, in reduced circum- 
stances, and the house was opened in 1781, and the govern- 
ors incorporated 1799. The hospital is situated in Great 
Britain-street, facing Jervis-street, the front occupying 
the entire breadth of that street, so as to form a good 
termination; it is of mountain granite, perfectly plain in 
its construction but by no means a heavy or gloomy 
building ; in the rear is a small garden with accommo- 
dations for the exercise of the patients. There are twenty- 
four wards, which contain about seventy beds, and an 
additional one has been lately built over the new dining- 
room, so that, were the funds sufficient, the house could 
now accommodate one hundred patients. The number 
which is supported is about fifty, and in the admission 
of patients, the preference is given cateris paribus to 
those who have been the most affluent, and whose 
moral character is unblemished; there are at present 
fifty gouty and fifty blind persons in the institution. 

The income of the hospital amounts to nearly 2,700/. ; 
the salaries and wages to about 160/. annually. The 
apothecary is paid for his medicines, and the agent a per- 
centage, exclusive of this expenditure. 

The petitions for admission are to be laid before the 
board, or lodged with the registrar, one month at least 
previous to the second Monday in May and November, 

There are two physicians, one surgeon, a registrar 
and agent, a steward and a housekeeper. 






24() RICHMOND NATIONAL INSTITUTION, &C. 



RICHMOND NATIONAL INSTITUTION, FOR 
THE INSTRUCTION OF THE INDUSTRIOUS 
BLIND.— SACKVILLE STREET. 

This institution was opened in the year 1809, by sub- 
scription, for the purpose of instructing the indigent 
blind in various trades, whereby they might be enabled 
to support themselv r es ; they are taught weaving, netting, 
and basket-making, and many of them hare made consi- 
derable progress in those trades. The greatest number 
of pupils at any one time in the institution is thirty- 
two. The managers wished to have increased it, as there 
is accommodation for fifty, but they have been obliged 
within the last two years, from the pressure of the 
times, and the failure of that part of their income which 
arose from charity sermons, to reduce the establishment. 
The funds are now however in a more promising state, 
so that there are at present twenty-seven pupils in the 
house, independently of a certain number of external 
ones, who, having been educated at the institution, are 
allowed to work there, the produce of their labour being 
disposed of for their benefit while they maintain them- 
selves. Several of the former pupils have settled in 
different parts of the countiy, and are enabled to sup- 
port themselves by their own exertions. 

The religious instruction of the pupils is committed to 
the care of the clergy of their respective persuasions, for 
as the benefits of the Charity are not confined to the 
professors of any particular sect, it has been conceived 
unnecessary to have a chaplain attached to the establish- 
ment. The care bestowed by their pastors in their im- 



MOMNEUX ASYLUM. — PETER-STREET. 247 

provement, was publicly evinced in the case of the 
Protestant pupils, at the late public examination in St. 
Mary's Church, where they obtained premiums, and 
were so distinguished as to attract the particular notice 
of his Grace the Lord Archbishop of Dublin. Though 
the majority of the pupils has been, and will perhaps 
ever continue, Roman Catholic, yet it is remarkable that 
the most zealous supporters of, and liberal contributors 
to, the institution, since its foundation, have been the dig- 
nitaries of the established church, among whom the 
present Lord Bishop of Deny appears pre-eminent, 
having always cherished the establishment with paternal 
care, and in a great degree maintained it, under various 
difficulties, by his extensive connexions and influence. 

The matron, superintendant, teachers and servants 
are the only persons who receive salaries or emoluments 
His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant is Patron, and the 
affairs of the institution are conducted by seven Vice- 
Presidents, a Secretary and Treasurer. 



MOLINEUX ASYLUM.— PETER-STREET. 

This institution was opened in 1815, in the family 
mansion of Sir C. Molineux, whose father having re- 
moved to a more fashionable part of the city, disposed of 
the house : it afterwards fell into the hands of Astley, 
when it was converted into a Circus, and was subse- 
quently held by Mr. II, Johnstone, after whose departure 
from Dublin it was taken by the subscribers to the Asylum 
for Blind Females. It is supplemental to the Richmond 
Institution and Simpson's Hospital, for as those establish- 



248 FEMALE ORPIIAX-HOUSE. 

ments confine their benefits to males, so the Molineux Is 
for the accommodation of females solely, and, as of the 
former institutions, one serves as an asylum for the old, 
and the other as a seminary for the instruction of the 
young, the Molineux combines within itself both ob- 
jects. The house, which is of brick, is large and com- 
modious, and the expenses defrayed by the profits of a 
chapel, charity sermon, and private subscriptions. The 
family, whose name it bears, have contributed hand- 
somely. There are a patron, patroness, guardian 
(Lady Molineux,) treasurer, sub- treasurer, secretary, 
chaplain, physician, surgeon, and apothecary. What 
was formerly the Circus, has been converted into a neat 
and convenient chapel, where service is performed 
agreeably to the forms and canons of the established 
church. 

Blind females, above the age of fifty, have here a per- 
manent asylum ; those below that age enjoy the benefits 
of lodging, clothing, diet, and instruction in such em- 
ployments as will enable them afterwards to obtain a 
livelihood. Twenty are at present on the establishment, 
but the building would accommodate fifty. 



FEMALE ORPHAN-HOUSE. 

About the year 1791, Mrs. Tighe and Mrs. Este 
formed a plan for fostering and educating female or- 
phans, of an age not exceeding ten nor less than five 
years, and for that purpose purchased a small house 
in Prussia-street, and supported five orphans there at their 
own expense ; but the nobleness of the design soon 



MASONIC FEMALE ORPHAN SCHOOL. 249 

impressed the minds of others, and in two years those 
amiable ladies had several benevolent co-adjutors. The 
present extensive building 1 , on the North Circular-road, 
was built by public subscription solely, and is capable 
of accommodating one hundred and sixty children. 
They are taught reading, writing, and needlework; at 
the same time that they are made acquainted with the 
duties of servants, for which purpose they are fre- 
quently apprenticed. About five years since, an extremely 
handsome chapel, in the gothic style, and built of lime- 
stone, was erected adjoining the house. Divine service 
is performed here on Sundays, in presence of a crowded 
and respectable congregation, and a subscription of con- 
sequence is generally procured. The present patroness ot 
this institution, and to whom it is much indebted, is Mrs. 
Latouche. Besides the accumulated fund, the produce 
of an annual charity-sermon, and the result of the 
labour of the orphans, there is an annual grant allowed 
by parliament for the support of this institution. 

In 1793, an orphan-house was opened in Prussia- 
street, for educating, clothing, and maintaining orphan 
boys : but this appears to have been abandoned. 



MASONIC FEMALE ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

This school was founded originally by a few mem- 
bers of the body of Freemasons in Dublin, in 1790, 
and for that purpose a house was taken in Domville- 
lane, Prussia- street. In May 1797, the lodge 190-15 
contributed munificently to its support, and removed the 
orphans to a house in Gordon's-lane, Charlemont-street. 



250 pleasant's asylum. 

The treasurer, Mr. James Brush, of St. Andrew-street, 
resigned its government into the hands of a committee 
selected from the grand lodge, together with a sum of 
112/. lis., and the grand lodge further granted a sum of 
200/. from their own funds for its support. In 1798, a 
resolution of the grand lodge was passed, " That it was 
expedient subscriptions should be raised throughout 
Ireland, for the maintenance and education of orphan 
children of Freemasons," the Right Worshipful Walter 
Wade, M.D. D.G.M. on the throne. The funds have im- 
proved so much, that the school has been removed to a 
more convenient house, No. 4, Gloucester-place, Mabbot- 
street; and, when they will permit, it is intended to 
establish similar schools in different parts of Ireland. 



PLEASANT'S ASYLUM. 



The charitable Mr. Pleasant, at whose expense the 
Tenter-house and New Meath Hospital were erected, 
bequeathed a considerable sum for the establishing of a 
female orphan-house, for daughters of respectable 
householders of St. Peter's Parish. In this asylum, 
which is situated in Camden-street, at the south side of 
Dublin, and was opened in 1818, twenty female orphans 
are clothed, educated and maintained in a manner ex- 
ceeding any thing of a similar description in the British 
empire: and when arrived at a proper age, if they can 
find a suitable partner, they receive a handsome portion 
in marriage. 



DAY-SCHOOLS. 251 



In the year 1786, the first Sunday-school, ever held in 
this kingdom, was established by the Rev. R. Powell, 
curate of St. Catherine's. This was called St Cathe- 
rine's Sunday-school, and the female children were assem- 
bled, at first, in the parish school-house, while the boys 
met in the court-house of the liberties of Thomas-court 
and Donore. The only recommendation necessary was 
a certificate from a housekeeper, and the number in- 
creased so rapidly, that some new accommodation be- 
came indispensably necessary; accordingly, subscrip- 
tions were raised, chiefly amongst the Quakers of St. 
Catherine's parish, for erecting the present extensive 
and admirably-contrived school-house, in School-street. 
This building, which is of brick, is 1.56 feet in length, and 
37 in depth; the two upper floors are occupied by the 
schools, four in number, two for the boys, and two for 
the girls ; the children of each sex are quite distinct, and 
the entrances for each are at different extremities of the 
building. In the centre of the building, and between 
the male and female schools, are the committee-room and 
master's apartments, the room of the supervisor of all the 
schools is so circumstanced, that he can command a 
perfect view of all the four schools, by standing up and 
sitting down successively. On the 30th of September, 
1820, there had been admitted to this valuable establish- 
ment 27,711 pupils, and 360 were in actual attendance. 
There is no distinction as to religious opinions observed 
here, but the scriptures arc read by all. 



■ 



252 FREE DAY-SCHOOLS. 

The great anxiety evinced by the children to receive 
education, induced the managing- committee to open a 
day-school, which they did March the 7th, 1808, from 
when to the 30th September, 1820, 14,883 scholars have 
been received, and the number on the books at that date 
was 840. The system of education finally approved of is 
Lancaster's, and the children are instructed in reading-, 
writing, and cyphering-, and in the scriptures without note 
or comment. The funds for the support of this meritorious 
establishment are derived from subscriptions, donations, 
from work done in the female schools, &c. and the scholars 
are provided with stationery, slates and books, which, if 
they should be so unfortunate as to lose, they are required 
to pay for. The managing committee consists of twenty- 
one, amongst whom are some members of the La-Touche 
family, two Messrs. Guiness, and several Quakers, mer- 
chants of importance in Dublin. 



FREE DAY-SCHOOLS. 



In the same year (1786), in winch the extensive es- 
tablishment in School-street was opened, another upon 
similar principles was founded on the North Strand, for 
the poor children of the parishes of St. George, St. 
Thomas, and St Mary. There is a small chapel at- 
tached to this school, the collections from which con- 
stitute a principal part of the funds for the support of 
the schools. Since the institution of this school, 7,800 
children have been educated, and some of them clothed, 
and there are at present in attendance above 300. 



SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING EDUCATION, &C. 253 

Besides the Sunday and daily free schools spoken of, 
there are the Linen-hall-street and James's-street schools, 
and at the upper end of Dorset-street, near Drumcondra 
Canal bridge, stands a capacious school-house, the build- 
ing- of which cost 5,000/, bequeathed by Miss Anne 
Kellet, of the county of Meath. 

In Stephen's-green there is also an extensile school, on 
the Lancasterian system, where children of both sexes are 
instructed. In St. Mark's parish is an excellent school 
on Dr. Bell's system, called Marble-street Free School. 
There was also a Sunday-school for the improvement and 
education of young chimney-sweepers : —but Robinson's 
humane invention will work greater benefits to this 
class of society, than could ever be expected from a 
weekly review of their persons and morals. 



SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING THE EDUCATION 
OF THE POOR IN IRELAND. 

On the 2d of December, 1811, a meeting of near two 
thousand persons of respectability assembled at the 
public rooms, to take into consideration the most ad- 
vantageous method of promoting the education of the 
poor of Ireland ; when it was resolved that a system of 
education, embracing an economical disposition of time 
and money, and affording the same facilities to all classes of 
professing christians, without any interference in religious 
opinions, should be adopted. A petition was subsequently 
presented to parliament for assistance in the execution of 
this design ; in reply to which was granted a sum of 



^^^M 



254 SUNDAY-SCHOOL SOCIETY FOR IRELAND. 

G,9S0/., with which a Model-school has been erected in 
Kildare-place, capable of accommodating 1,000 children. 
In this young men are educated for the purpose of being 
intrusted with the charge of the society's schools in 
different parts of the kingdom. Societies have been es- 
tablished in London and Edinburgh to co-operate with 
that in Dublin in promoting the education of the poor in 
Ireland. As far as its funds will permit, the society con- 
tributes also to the building school-houses, and esta- 
blishing schools throughout the kingdom ; and it keeps a 
repository in Kildare-place, for the sale of stationery, 
slates, school books, and moral publications for the use 
of children, on such terms as the most limited incomes 
can reach. Meetings are held at the society's house, the 
2nd of May in each year, and are generally attended by 
the most distinguished ornaments of the Irish pulpit and 
bar ; which circumstance, together with the interesting 
subject of discussion, never fails to procure a numerous 
attendance. The funds are very insignificant, if we ex- 
cept the parliamentary grant, which, this year (1S21) 
amounted to 10,000/. The affairs of the society are 
managed by a committee of thirty-one ; besides six vice 
presidents the Duke of Kent is patron, the Duke of 
Leinster, vice patron, and the Duchess of Dorset, pa- 
troness. 



THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL SOCIETY FOR 
IRELAND. 

A society, for the purpose of promoting Sunday- 
schools in Ireland, was first proposed in 1783, but not 



SUNDAY-SCHOOL SOCIETY FOR IRELAND. 255 

energetically carried into effect, till in November, 1 809, 
the present improved and extended system was adopted. 
It professes to assist in the establishment of Sunday-schools 
all over Ireland, to supply them with spelling-- books, &c. 
at cheap rates; to furnish copies of the sacred 
scriptures gratuitously and at reduced prices. This ex- 
cellent institution is under the patronage of her grace 
the Duchess of Dorset ; the president is the Bishop of 
Kildare ; there are besides twenty-one guardians. As 
the advantages of such societies are probably most cor- 
rectly judged of by their effects, perhaps the efficacy of 
the system will be readily shown by enumerating the 
number of schools aided or established, and the number 
of religious tracts and other books disposed of, either 
gratuitously or at reduced prices. The last report 
states, that 1,350 schools have been aided since the es- 
tablishment of this society, 1,200 of which were founded 
by the society itself; fifty schools have purchased books 
from it; besides 6,000 Bibles, and 80.000 Testaments, 
numerous religious books, &c- have been disposed of at 
reduced prices. The society meets at present at No. 16, 
Upper Sackville-street- 

There are several other school societies in this city ; 
one for the dissemination of Irish Bibles and Prayer- 
books ; this appears an Irish mode of instructing, most as- 
suredly, for had the society commenced by teaching thepoor 
the English language, the effort would haye been more 
readily accomplished, and the pupil woidd then have the 
whole range of English literature thrown open to him. 



250 RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

HATCH-STREET SUNDAY-SCHOOL.— LEESON- 
STREET. 

This School was built by private subscription, and is 
supported by voluntary contributions. It is opened twice 
a week for the instruction of girls in plain work, and on 
Sundays for the instruction of both sexes, in spelling, 
reading, and knowledge of the Scriptures. 



RELIGIOUS TRACT AND BOOK SOCIETY. 

To facilitate the dissemination of religious tracts, a 
shop has been opened in Lower Sackville- street, where a 
collection of books is exposed for sale : these are selected 
from amongst all the religious publications to be met with 
in Great Britain or Ireland, and are sold at reduced 
prices by an agent appointed by the society. 

Within the present year a new house has been taken 
in Upper Sackville-street, formerly the bank of Sir 
W. Alexander, Bart, to winch the repository will be 
removed. 






JUlujious &mttit8. 



The Association for discountenancing Vice, and pro- 
moting the Knowledge and Practice of the Christian Re- 
ligion, meet at Mrs. Watson's, No. 7, Capel-street, every 
Thursday, from October to July, at one o'clock. For the 
origin of this society, the public are indebted to Mr. 
William Watson, of Capel-street, who first commenced 
the plan, and communicated it to the Rev. Dr. O'Connor 



BIBLE SOCIETIES. iij/ 

and Rev. S. Harper, in 1792 j and three years after, the 
society was so approved, that his Excellency Lord Fitz- 
william became president. It continued to encourage 
public catechetical examinations of the poor schools, and 
distribute premiums to the best answers ; also to such 
pupils at private seminaries, as were best prepared in 
scripture. They suppressed the system of insurance in 
the lottery, which beggared and demoralized the lower 
classes of Dublin, and assisted in the establishing, 
throughout the kingdom, schools, on the soundest moral 
principles. Among the decorous acts which this society 
are deserving of respect for, it ought not to be forgotten, 
that they induced the governors of the Lying-in-Hospital 
to discontinue the practice of holding Sunday-evening 
promenades in the new gardens, and succeeded in alter- 
ing the levee-day at the Castle, from Sunday to Thursday. 
The society have distributed upwards of 60,000 bibles, 
100,000 testaments, 100,000 prayer-books, and one 
million of moral and religious tracts ; and premiums 
have been conferred upon 15,000 children for their 
knowledge of the Scriptures. The funds of the associ- 
ation are derived from donations, subscriptions, and par- 
liamentary grants. The Lord Lieutenant is president. 



BIBLE SOCIETIES. 



There are several religious associations in Dublin, 
which hold their meetings at No. 1G, Upper Sackville- 
street: — the Hibernian Bible Society; the Naval and 
Military Bible Society ; the Church Missionary Society ; 
Auxiliary Society for Promoting Christianity amongst 



258 Stephen's green square. 

the Jews ; the Methodist Missionary Society ; and some 
others for the most excellent purposes. Most of those 
associations, however, are branches of similar ones in 
England; and their objects, or rather effects, are gene- 
rally stated annually in the public rooms attached to the 
Lying-in-Hospital, by the most zealous and eloquent 
advocates of the Christian religion to be found in Ireland. 



IduUit Jequatm 



No city in Europe is supplied with more extensive, 
more beautiful public squares, or so great a number of 
them, in proportion to its extent, as the city of Dublin. 

The largest and most noble of these is called 

STEPHEN'S GREEN. 

This magnificent area is a perfect square, the walk 
around which, measured on the flag way, is six furlongs, 
thirty-one perches, and three yards, English measure ; 
and between the chains and railing only 25 perches and 
one yard less. 

The interior of this square was the property of the 
corporation of Dublin, and sold by them to the inhabi- 
tants of the Green for an annual consideration of 300/. 
The Green was originally enclosed by a hedge in 1678, 
outside which, a deep ditch of stagnant water was carried 
all round, which separated a broad gravel- walk from the 
interior : this walk was sheltered by rows of full-grown 
elms on each side, and protected from the streets by a 
wall of 4 feet in height. Such an arrangement neces- 



STEPHEN'S GREEN SQUARE* 250 

sarily cast a gloominess on the surrounding houses, and 
rendered the atmosphere unwholesome. 

The improvement, therefore, of Stephen's Green, was 
long contemplated, and upon the appointment of a com- 
mittee to erect the Wellington Trophy, the inhabitants 
applied for parliamentary aid, to enable them so to im- 
prove this noble square, that it might be rendered de- 
serving of the attention of that committee. Commis- 
sioners were accordingly appointed in 181.5, who levelled 
the interior and planted it with shrubs and evergreens, 
rilled the ditch, cut down the full-grown elms, and re- 
moved the wall. They have supplied their places by a 
range of dwarf stone-pillars, connected by iron chains, 
enclosing a broad gravel-walk, within which is a dwarf 
wall surmounted by iron railing, enclosing 17 acres ; in 
the centre of which stands a brazen equestrian statue of 
George II. in a Roman military habit, executed by J. 
Van Nost, A. D. 1758.— The pedestal was formerly a 
large mass of building, and was very suitable to the ex- 
tensive area in the centre of which it was placed ; but 
this has been diminished in bulk to suit the present light 
external decorations of the square, and now it appears too 
trifling a central ornament. 

On one of the pannels of the pedestal is the following 
Latin inscription : — 

Georgii Secundo, Magnae Britannia?, Francia?, et Hibernia?, Regi. 

Forti et Reipublicae Maximc fideli, Patriis Virtutibus Patroni securo, 

S. P. Q. D. A. D. 1758. 

Thomas Mead, Praetore Urbano. 

Michael Sweeny, i 

„ „_.. > Vice-comitibus. 

Gcliklmo Forbes, > 

Many curious circumstances are connected with this 
statue ; for a number of years it appeared to be destined 
s 2 



200 ilERRION-SQUAIlE. 

to fall, like that of Sejanus, by the hands of ruffians ; 
from its remote situation, midnight depredators were 
induced to make trial of their skill in sawing off a leg or 
an arm, for the value of the metal ; one leg of the horse 
was cut off, and a saw had nearly penetrated his neck, 
when the watchmen were alarmed by the noise, and routed 
the depredators. — In 1816, a lengthened dispute took place 
between the commissioners for the improvement of 
Stephen's Green, and the committee for the erection of 
the Wellington Testimonial, about the propriety of re- 
moving this statue to some other site, and erecting the 
Testimonial in its place ; but it was ultimately decided, 
that a king ought not to be removed to accommodate a 
subject. — Around this area are many magnificent man- 
sions, Mr. Whaly's, the Lord Chancellor's, Lord Charle- 
ville's, Lord Ross's, the Chief Baron's, the Archbishop of 
Dublin's, and Mr. Plunkett'sj and probably the picturesque 
appearance of the scene is heightened by the extreme 
irregularity of the buildings.— The only public building 
in this square is the Royal College of Surgeons. 



MERRION-SQUARE. 

The second square in Dublin, or the next in dimen- 
sions to Stephen's Green, is Merrion-square. Tins spacious 
and elegant area, which contains about 12 acres of 
ground, is situated at the south side of the city, and but 
a few minutes walk from Stephen's Green. The exterior 
walk round this square measures four furlongs, eleven 
perches, and five yards ; the flagged way is twelve feet 
broad, and the carriage-road between the path and rail- 
ing is fifty. The interior is enclosed by lofty iron-rail- 



MERRION-SQUARE. 261 

ing, ornamented with 127 lamp-irons, resting on a dwarf 
wall of mountain-granite. Immediately within the rail- 
ing is a thickly planted and luxuriant shrubbery, which 
gives an air of perfect retirement to the interior walk ; 
this walk, which is 1 4 feet in breadth, is continued entirely 
round, and measures 3 fur. 7 per. .5 yds. The great 
inequality of the central ground of this square adds much 
to its picturesque appearance. The enclosed area con- 
tains about 127 acres. 

The houses on the north side of the square are consi- 
dered some of the best built and most convenient in 
Dublin ; the basement stories of all on that side are 
of mountain-granite and rusticated, and the three upper 
stories are of brick ; the houses on the other sides are 
entirely of brick. The north side of this square has con- 
tinued to be used as a summer promenade for many 
years. The west is chiefly occupied by the lawn of Lein- 
ster House, one of the great ornaments of the square ; 
and at this side also is the beautiful fountain ornamented 
with sculpture, erected by his Grace the Duke of Rut- 
land about 30 years ago, and now little better than a 
ruin. In the centre is an arch, within which reclines 
the fountain nymph, leaning on an urn, from which 
water is represented as flowing in an uninterrupted stream 
into a shell-formed reservoir beneath; on the frieze of the 
entablature above, is a beautifully-executed medallion, on 
which is represented the story of the Marquis of Granby, 
relieving a soldier's family in distress ; and on one side 
is an inscription, setting forth the life and conduct of the 
Duke of Rutland ; while on the other, above the orifice 
of one of the fountains, is this inscription : — 

His saltern aocumulem donis, e( fungar insui muncrc. 



262 FITZWIJ.LIAM-SQUARE. 

Besides Leinster House, there are three splendid man- 
sions in this square, Robert La Touched, Esq. M. P, on 
the east side, and Antrim House (the residence of Sir 
Robert Shaw, Bart. M. P. for Dublin), and the Bishop of 
Dcrry's on the north. 

The lawn of Leinster House is accessible to the friends 
of the members of the Dublin Society, and several persons 
residing in Merrion- street have keys to admit themselves 
by the private door ; the walk round this lawn is exactly 
a quarter of a mile in extent. 



FITZWILLIAM-SQUARE. 

This beautiful little square is at the south side of the 
city, not far from the preceding one ; the flagged walk 
around it measures 1 fur. 31 per. 4 yds., and that close 
to the railing is only eight perches less. 

The interior is enclosed by an iron-railing, resting on a 
dwarf wall, and ornamented by lamp-supporters at equal 
intervals. 

The interior area, which is laid out in gravel- walks, 
shrubberies, and flower-plats, is below the level of the 
street, and consequently the foot-passenger has a perfect 
view of the whole garden at one glance. The houses 
here are not so large as those in Merrion-square, but re- 
markably well finished, and produce a large rent. Only 
three sides are erected, and from this circumstance is 
derived the principal advantage this square possesses ; 
namely, the magnificent mountain view on the south 
side, which will be shut out if that side be ever com- 
pleted. 



RUTLAND-SQUARE. 203 



RUTLAND-SQUARE. 

The Rotunda Gardens (Rutland-square) are at the 
rear of the Lying-in-Hospital in Great Britain-street, at 
the north side of the city, and were opened by Dr. Mosse, 
the founder of the hospital, for the purpose of holding 
Sunday evening promenades, for the benefit of that esta- 
blishment. Those entertainments were continued for many 
years, to the great advantage of the funds of the hospital, 
until the Association for discountenancing Vice petitioned 
the governors of the charity to suppress this immoral 
proceeding; since which, the gardens have only been 
opened on the other evenings in the week during the 
summer season : on those occasions, one and sometimes 
two military bands attend, and play from eight to ten 
o'clock, while the persons admitted promenade along a 
terrace in front of the orchestra, eighteen perches in 
length ; the walk round the entire square, inside, 
measures 1 fur. 35 per. The interior, which is thickly 
planted with full-grown elms and close underwood, on 
promenade evenings is brilliantly illuminated with 
festoons of variegated lamps and other fanciful decora- 
tions ; and lately, singers have been introduced to amuse 
in the intervals between the different airs called for by 
the visiters. — The receipts of one evening, at this place of 
amusement, have been known to amount to upwards of 
20/. which is an enormous sum, if we consider the mode- 
rate price of admission, five pence each. 

The interior of this space is also particularly remarkable 
for the good taste with which it has been laid out, and 
the very picturesque and pleasing variety afforded by 
the inequality of the grounds. 



_ 



2*J4 MOUNTJOY -SQUARE. 

The houses around this square are all noble structures ; 
amongst them are those of Lord Charlemont, (see art. 
Charlemont House,) Lord Wicklow, Lord Longford, the 
Countess of Ormond, the Earl of Bective, the Earl of 
Farnham, and several others. Three sides of this beau- 
tiful square are designated by different names ; the north 
is called Palace-row, the east Cavendish-row, and the 
west Granby-row ; the south is wholly occupied by the 
Lying-in-Hospital and Public Rooms. 



MOUNT.TOY-SQUARE. 



This small, regular, and elegant square, is named 
after the proprietor, Viscount Mountjoy (now Earl of 
Blessinton), and is situated at the north end of Dublin, 
not far from Rutland-square. The houses (72 in number, 
18 on each side) are all regular and nearly equal in size; 
none of them however are remarkable for magnitude. 
The extent of the walk on the flagged-way round the 
square is 2 fur. 27 per., and the walk within the railing 
1 fur. 22 per. The interior, containing 4 acres, is en- 
closed by an iron railing, on a dwarf wall of mountain- 
granite ; is laid out with much taste in serpentine walks, 
and is planted with shrubs and evergreens. The air in this 
neighbourhood is considered extremely pure, and free 
from the unwholesome ingredients which enter into the 
combination of the atmosphere of cities in general, being 
at the extremity of Dublin and on the most elevated 
ground. 

There is a small square in the liberty called the 
Weavers'-square, measuring not more than 120 feet on 
each side, and entirely paved like the places in Paris. 



STATUES. 2G5 

Besides the statues already mentioned, viz. of his late 
Majesty George III. in the Bank of Ireland, another of 
this same monarch, and one of Dr. Lucas in the Royal 
Exchange, an equestrian statue of George II. in Stephen's 
Green, and an equestrian statue of George I. at the 
Mansion House, Dawson-street, — there is an equestrian 
one of King William III. in College Green ; it stands on 
a pedestal of granite-stone of considerable elevation, the 
pannels of which are decorated with military emblems ; 
the King is represented crowned with a wreath of 
laurel. 

This statue was erected in 1700 to perpetuate the re- 
membrance of the Revolution of 1688, and gave great 
offence to the Roman Catholic inhabitants, particularly 
from a custom adopted by the corporation of decking the 
statue with orange ribbands upon certain days ; latterly, 
none but the lowest orders of the populace felt any indig- 
nation at this childish transaction, and the practice of 
firing over the statue has been altogether discontinued. 
The present Lord Mayor (Sir A. B. King, Bart. 1821), re- 
quested those decorations with party colours might be laid 
aside, but he could not persuade the enthusiastic admirers 
of the great warrior to abandon their favourite amusement. 
On several occasions, the insulted party expressed their 
wounded feelings by mutilating the statue; in 1800 the 
sword and truncheon were torn from it, and other 
acts of violence committed upon it; and in 1805, 
on the eve of its decoration, after the statue had been 
painted with most glaring and brilliant colours, some of 
the same offended party ascended the pedestal and 



26G nelson's pillar. 

blackened the figure all over with some greasy substance, 
which it was found very difficult to remove ; upon this 
occasion, it was, that the Member for the University 
made this far-famed classical quotation, " Hie niger est, 
hunc tu Romane caveto." 



NELSON'S PILLAR. 

On the 15th day of February, 1808, the foundation 
stone of this stupendous column was laid in Sackville- 
street, by his Grace the Duke of Richmond, with great 
ceremony. It was hollowed for the purpose of receiving 
coins of different value, and on a brass-plate laid over the 
coins is this inscription : — 

By the blessing of Almighty God, to commemorate the transcendant 
heroic achievements of the Right Hon. Lord Viscount NELSON, 
Duke of Bronte in Sicily, Vice-Admiral of the White Squadron 
of his Majesty's fleet, who fell gloriously in the battle off Cape 
Trafalgar, on the 21st day of October, 1805, when he obtained for 
his country a victory over the combined fleets of France and 
Spain, unparalleled in naval history. 

The column, which is after a design of W. Wilkins, 
Esq., of Caius College, Cambridge, is of the Doric order, 
and fluted ; on the pedestal are the names, Trafalgar, St. 
Vincent, Nile, Copenhagen, with the dates of the battles 
fought at those places; and above the cornice of the 
pedestal, on the side facing the New-bridge, is a large 
sarcophagus. The abacus of the capital is surmounted by 
a strong iron railing, enclosing the platform upon the top, 
and surrounding a podium or circular pedestal 12 ft. 6 in. 
high, upon which is a colossal statue of the Hero IeaniRg 



THE WELLINGTON TESTIMONIAL. 207 

against the capstan of a sliip. This figure, which is exe- 
cuted by Smyth, is 13 feet in height. From the gallery is 
a commanding view of the city and bay. The balcony, to 
which the ascent is by 168 steps, is 108 feet from the 
ground, and the entire height to the top of the statue 
134 ft. 3 in. — The entire expense of this monument was 
6,856/. 



THE WELLINGTON TESTIMONIAL. 

Though this stupendous mass of building is not 
actually within the city, yet its being seen from so many 
different parts of Dublin, and standing in the Phcenix- 
park, justify some slight description of it. — A committee 
was appointed for disposing of a fund amounting to near 
20,000/. in raising a testimonial of gratitude to the illus- 
trious deliverer of our country, and several sites within 
the city were pointed out — Stephen's Green, Merrion- 
square, &c. ; and many models laid before the committee, 
all which are still preserved in the hall of Leinster House. 
The public in general appeared to prefer the model of Mr. 
Hamilton, while the committee selected that of R. Srnirke, 
jun., Esq. an English architect. 

The testimonial is in the form of an obelisk, or truncated 
pyramid, 205 feet high. A platform accessible by four 
flights of steps supports a pedestal 56 feet square, and 
24 feet high ; the pannels of which are ornamented with 
bas-relief medallions, representing different victories won 
by his Grace : in front of the pedestal, on an insulated 
pedestal, is an equestrian statue of the Duke in his mili- 
tary habit. From the pedestal rises the obelisk, having 
the names of all the victories won by the Duke of Wei- 



268 



TF1EATRES. 



lington, from his entrance into military life to the battle 
of Waterloo, inscribed on the four facades. 

In the view of the Law Courts, drawn for this work, this 
monument is seen in the distance, on an elevated situation 
in the Phoenix Park, formerly occupied by the salute bat- 
tery, and commanding a view of the whole city. 



Cijeatres aittt Pates $t $u6lk 
gtmusemtnt 



In the reign of Elizabeth, plays were represented in the 
ball-room of the castle, by the nobility and gentry, but 
no regular licensed theatre was opened until the reign of 
Charles I. In 1635, Lord Strafford being Lord Lieute- 
nant, John Ogilby (the translator of Homer), erected a 
theatre in Werburgh-street, for which the famous Shirley 
wrote some plays. This theatre was closed during the 
rebellion, and never re-opened ; but Ogilby procured a 
renewal of his patent, and opened a theatre in Orange- 
street, now Smock-alley, 1662. But during the perfor- 
mance of Bartholomew Fair, Dec. 26th, 1671, the upper 
gallery fell down into the pit, by which three persons 
were killed, and numbers severely wounded. This acci- 
dent deterred the public from the encouragement of 
theatrical amusements for some time; nor was the 
theatre re-opened, until 1691, after the battle of the 
Boyne. 

Another theatre was some time afterwards opened in 
Aungier-street, of which Mr. Sheridan was manager ; but 
unfortunately he outlived the public liking, and his edifice 



270 THE NEW THEATRE IIOYAL. 

from the temple of Bacchus, are divided into pannels by- 
gilt mouldings, and separated by gold pedestals, orna- 
mented with burnished gold caducei ; these pedestals form 
the basis of two rows of burnished gold columns, which are 
fluted, and apparently support the second circle of boxes, 
the slips, and the gallery, On the first circle is placed 
a continuous ornament, adapted from the temple of 
Erectheus and Minerva Polias; and on the upper one a com- 
position of the Greek chain, twined with the shamrock ; 
mouldings, taken from the classic models of ancient 
Greece, run all round the three tiers. The ornaments of 
the proscenium are compositions from decorations found 
in Pompeii and Herculaneum, surmounted by draperies 
of velvet and gold, and by arches surrounded by the 
Greek fret and honeysuckle. The upper part of the 
proscenium is connected with the ceiling by coves, which 
leave no harsh lines to hurt the eye; and this part of 
the proscenium and ceiling forms the peculiar feature of 
the theatre, and the^r^ instance of such an attempt; by 
continuing the circle of the back of the boxes, along the 
proscenium, instead of cutting it short by the straight 
line of the stage, as in every other theatre, a completely 
circular ceiling is formed, by which means a great ap- 
pearance of expanse is attained, without the inconvenience 
of distance ; and the performer speaks actually in the body 
of the house, without the appearance of intruding upon 
the auditory. It is to the form of this ceiling and the 
absence of any distinct top proscenium, that we attribute 
the facility with which the slightest word uttered on the 
stage is heard in the remotest corner of the house. The 
ceiling is coved into a shallow dome, divided into de- 
corated compartments, and being supported by a circular 
row of antae-pilasters, surmounted by an entablature, 



THE NEW THEATRE ROYAL. 2/1 

ornamented with gold wreaths, gives to the theatre the 
appearance of a vast Greek temple. All the decorations are 
raised in burnished gold upon lilac pannels, relieved by 
fresco-coloured stiles ; the tints are so blended as to pre- 
sent no decided distinction of colour to fatigue the eye, 
and all the lines are curves. By the arrangement of the 
different artificers employed, which varied, during its pro- 
gress, from four to seven hundred persons, this theatre 
(the new part of which covers a space of 100 feet by 168, 
the walls of which are 78 feet high, and the span of the 
roof 78 feet without any support but the external walls), 
was raised and opened in 65 days,* computing the day at 
10 hours and a half. The whole work was executed and 
perfected under the immediate direction of Mr. Beazley, 
the architect, of whose activity and professional skill it 
affords a striking proof, and a splendid one, also, of the 
liberality and spirit of the patentee. 

At the back of the box lobbies is a saloon for refresh- 
ments, 54 feet long by 34 broad, with a gallery at each 
end, supported by Ionic columns, communicating with the 
upper circle of boxes, by which means the visiters to tliis 
part of the theatre have access to the saloon without de- 
scending to or interfering with the dress circle. The 
ceiling is composed of a dome and cupola, supported 
by four arches. The proportions of the Ionic order 
used in this saloon, are the same as those of Minerva 
Polias. 

There is a small theatre in Fishamble-street, built 
originally for a Music Hall, where the celebrated Lord 
Mornington presided at concerts given for charitable 
purposes ; but this is only used now as a private theatre. 
There is no permanent Circus in Dublin. 
• It was opened Jan. 18th, 1821. 



272 



BARRACKS. 



In the Royal Arcade, in College Green, there are 
several excellent rooms let out for public entertainments, 
in one of which is a small theatre, called the Theatre of 
Arts ; this is chiefly intended for exhibitions of the powers 
of mechanism. 

The only public promenade remaining in Dublin, is 
that held on summer evenings in the Rotunda Gardens. 
(See Lying-in-Hospital and Rutland-square. ) 



3Barratfc». 

The foundation of the Royal Barracks was laid in 1 70 !, 
on the north side of the LifFey, near to the Park Gate ; they 
consist of a number of large squares, built on three sides 
only, the south side being open. Palatine- square is quite 
enclosed, and the buildings faced with mountain-granite ; 
in this square is a ball-room for the use of the officers of 
the garrison. The situation of the barracks is elevated 
and healthy, and if Mr. Peele's proposal of continuing 
the parade in front, down to the water's edge, had been 
accomplished, it would have greatly added to the salu- 
brity, grandeur, and beauty of tins extensive establish- 
ment. There are several other barracks in the neigh- 
bourhood, but from the great reduction that has taken 
place in the military establishment they are not now re- 
quired; besides, the Royal. Barracks give accommodation 
to 2,000 troops. 



I$rftf£i0. 

CARLISLE BRIDGE. 

After the opening of the New Custom House, vessels 
of large burden had no necessity to proceed further up 



CARLISLE BRIDGE. 273 

the river than that limit, so that the communication be- 
tween the opposite sides of the river was facilitated by 
the throwing of Carlisle (or the New) Bridge, across the 
river from the end of Sackville (then Drogheda) street, 
to Westmorland- street, (then College-lane) ; this beau- 
tiful piece of architecture was commenced in 1791, and 
finished in three years. The first stone was laid by the 
Right Hon- John C. Beresford. The carriage-way over 
this bridge is only forty feet broad, much too narrow for 
the great concourse which is constantly passing over it ; 
its length is 210 feet; the balustrade and ornamental 
parts are of Portland stone ; the remaining parts of the 
facing and arches are of granite. There are but three 
arches, which are ornamented by architraves of cut stone, 
and enriched by colossal heads as key stones. From this 
bridge may be had, probably, the finest panoramic city 
view in the empire. The drawing of Sackville-street 
and the Post-office which accompanies this volume, was 
taken from a window in the first floor of Lundy Foot's 
house, near this bridge. 

The Carlisle Buildings, close to this bridge, are proba- 
bly the most splendid mercantile concerns in the empire ; 
the great room is worth the notice of a visiter, and the 
politeness of the proprietor will insure immediate ad- 
mission. 

This edifice was built originally by public subscription 
for a public cofTee-room and tavern, and was sold by the 
trustees and proprietor to Mr. Kinahan for 4,000/. subject 
to a rent of 400/. per annum. 



ESSEX BRIDGE. 



CAST IRON BRIDGE. 



Midway between Carlisle Bridge and Essex Bridge is 
a bridge of cast iron. It consists of one elliptical arch, 
the chord of which measures 140 feet : and it springs 
from buttresses of rusticated masonry projecting a short 
distance from the quay walls. There was a ferry formerly 
at this place, the property of the corporation ; Alderman 
Beresford and William Walsh, Esq. purchased the tolls 
of this ferry, and erected the bridge at their private ex- 
pense : it cost 3,000/. and is a great ornament and con- 
venience to the city. 



ESSEX BRIDGE. 

This bridge was thrown across the river, in 1676, by 
Sir Humphrey Jervis, Knight, then Lord Mayor, and 
named after Arthur, Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of 
Ireland. It was rebuilt 1753-55, after the model of 
Westminster-bridge. The spans of the arches in those 
bridges are to each other as three to five, and the 
lengths as one to four: the breadth of Essex-bridge, from 
the exterior of the parapets or plinths, is fifty-one feet ; 
from the laying the first stone to the completion of tins 
bridge was one year, five months and twenty-one days ; 
and the expense was 20,661/. lis. 4>d. The first architect, 
Sir Humphrey Jervis, during the building of the bridge, 
was thrown into prison for debt, where he remained seven 
years. Mr. Robert Mack, by a mistake in the estimate, 
was a considerable loser, and was very near sharing a 



RICHMOND BRIDGE. 27»J 

similar fate. An equestrian statue of George I. stood 
on this bridge, but the old structure being taken down, it 
was removed at the expense of the corporation, to the 
lawn of the Mansion-house in Dawson-street, and was 
re-erected in 1798. (See art. Mansion-house.) A most 
minute comparative view of Westminster and Essex 
bridges, is to be seen in Harris's History of Dublin. 



RICHMOND BRIDGE. 

Before the erection of this bridge, which connects 
Ormond Quay with the extremity of Winetavern-street, 
the view down the river was much disfigured by the 
ruins of Ormond Bridge, erected in 1683, which was 
carried away in the great flood of 1802; a gentleman 
from the neighbourhood of Chapelizod was riding over 
at the time, and just as he arrived at a distance of ten or 
twelve feet from the Quay, the arch before and the whole 
of the part he had passed gave way, when his horse with 
one spring cleared the chasm before him, and bore 
his rider to the opposite bank in safety. 

The first stone of the present, or Richmond Bridge, 
was laid Aug. 9th, 1813, by her Grace Charlotte, the 
present Duchess Dowager of Richmond ; and it was opened 
to the public on St. Patrick's day, in 1816. It is built almost 
entirely of Portland stone, and the crown of the centre 
arch is not more than two feet above the level of the 
quays. There are three arches richly ornamented, the 
key stones of which are colossal heads of Plenty ; the 
LifFey, and Industry on one side, and Commerce, Hibcrnia 
and Peace on the other : it is after a design of Mr. Savage, 
an English artist, and cost twenty-five thousand pounds ; 
Mr. Knowles was overseer of the building. 

T S 



270 YVHITWOItTIl BRIDGE. 

In sinking for the foundation of this bridge, several 
coins were found, some of Elizabeth, others of Philip and 
Mary, besides two boats, 18 feet in length, in one of which 
was the skeleton of a human being, with various other 
implements; likewise a mill-stone, 16 feet in diameter; 
all those were much below the bed of the river. From 
this it would appear, that the bed of the river is greatly 
raised from its original level, which, coupled with the 
extraordinary elevation of the surface, to be witnessed 
in the ruins of St, Mary's Abbey, demonstrates the fact of 
the gradual elevation of the soil throughout this part of 
Dublin. 



WHITWORTH BRIDGE. 

The next bridge to the westward is Whitworth Bridge. 
The foundation stone was laid by his Excellency, Charles 
Earl Whitworth, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, October 
16, 181 G ; it is like Richmond Bridge, and the balustrade 
is continued along the quay wall to that bridge, and 
greatly contributes to the splendour of the scene in front 
of the law courts. This bridge replaced the Old Bridge, 
so called from its being the oldest site of a bridge across 
the Liffey since the foundation of the city ; in sinking for 
a foundation, the traces of two or three former bridges 
were observed, one of them of excellent workmanship, and 
supposed to have been laid in the reign of King John ; 
this was one of the principal entrances to the city, in the 
reign of Elizabeth ; and in the reign of Henry VIII. a 
valuable toll was collected on this bridge, by the 
Dominican Friars, who built it. The Friars Bridge 



BLOODY BRIDGE. 277 

replaced Dublin Bridge, which was swept away in 
138.5 ; and the present bridge succeeded the Old Bridge, 
which was taken down by the corporation for improving 
the quays, &c. of Dublin. 



THE QUEEN'S BRIDGE. 

In 1683, a bridge was built over the Liffey, oppo- 
site to Queen-street, called after the Lord Lieutenant, 
Arran Bridge; this bridge was swept away by the 
floods of 1763, and rebuilt in 1764. It is built of 
granite-stone, consists of three arches, is ornamented 
with a light metal balustrade, and is 140 feet in length 
by 40 in breadth. 



BLOODY BRIDGE. 

The last bridge in Dublin to the west is called Barrack 
Bridge, but more frequently Bloody Bridge. This extra- 
ordinary appellation was derived from the following cir- 
cumstance: In the year 1671, the apprentices of Dublin 
assembled for the purpose of demolishing the wooden 
Bridge over the LuTey near the Royal Barracks; but 
being interrupted by the military, a battle ensued, m 
which four of the young men were killed, and the re- 
mainder put into Bridewell. In consequence of this in- 
cident Barrack Bridge was built, which still however 
preserves its name, and is the oldest bridge now standing 
in Dublin. 



27S CHARLEMONT HOUSE. 



SARAH'S BRIDGE. 

To the west of Bloody Bridge, about one mile from 
Dublin, at a little village called Island Bridge, is Sarah's 
Arch. This beautiful piece of architecture consists of 
one elliptical arch, the chord of which measures 104 feet, 
and the altitude from low water to the current 30. It is 
of a light and elegant construction, and is 7 feet wider in 
the span than the celebrated Rialto at Venice. In the 
view of Dublin from the rising ground of the Phoenix-park, 
this arch is a beautiful and picturesque object in the fore- 
ground. The foundation stone was laid in 1791, by 
Sarah, Countess of Westmorland. 

iEternumque locus nomen habebit. 



Uritoate a&csitoiues* 



Most of the mansions of the nobility have been con- 
verted into public offices, and have been already noticed 
as such. Leinster House is described in art. Dublin So- 
ciety ; for Powerscourt House, see Stamp Office, &c. 



CHARLEMONT HOUSE. 

The residence of the Earl of Charlemont is the most 
magnificent private residence preserved in Dublin. It is 
situated in Palace-row, opposite the centre of the New 
Gardens, and is decidedly the best situated residence in 
the city. It was built by James, the late Earl, a man as 



CHA11LEM0NT HOUSE, 279 

well known in the political world as amongst the schools 
of arts. (See Hardy's Life of Charlemont.) 

This edifice, which is after the design of his lordship, 
aided by Sir William Chambers, is chaste, classical, and 
elegant. The front, which is of hewn stone, brought 
from Arklow, consists of a rusticated basement and 
two stories ; the first floor has five windows adorned 
with architraves, and surmounted by pediments alter- 
nately angidar and circular ; those of the second story 
have no pediments. The door- way, which is in the centre, 
is decorated with Ionic columns supporting an entabla- 
ture, and at each side are obelisks supporting ornamented 
lamps ; semi-circular curtain walls, enclosing the sweep 
in front, and continued to the adjacent houses on each 
side, are ornamented with circular-headed niches, and 
crowned by a balustrade. 

The interior was designed with equal taste, and those 
apartments which are completed exhibit the most refined 
taste in the arts. The most attractive at present is the 
library, which is one of the finest rooms in Dublin, and 
supplied with a valuable collection of books ; at one end 
of this is a chamber containing a statue of the Venus de 
Medicis, carved on this precise spot by Wilton ; at the 
other, are apartments containing a cabinet of pictures, 
and a collection of medals. The library is connected 
with the house by a long corridor ornamented with 
statues, particularly a Mercury brought from Italy by 
his lordship. On one side of the corridor is a smaller 
library ornamented with vases and urns from Ilercu- 
laneum ; some made of the Lava of Vesuvius, and others 
of burnt Egyptian clay. There are a number of original 
paintings by the first masters ; for a list of wliich, see 
Catalogue of Paintings by the Old Masters. 



280 WATERFORD HOUSE. 



WATERFORD HOUSE. 

The first private edifice of stone, erected in Dublin, 
was built in 17-10 by the Earl of Tyrone in Marlborough- 
street, after a design of Mr. Cassels, architect of the 
Bank of Ireland and Leinster House ; and is now better 
known by the denomination of Waterford House, the 
illustrious family being raised to a Marquisate. 

The front, which is of hewn granite, consists of three 
stories ; the door-way is ornamented by Doric pillars, 
supporting an entablature and pediment ; and over the 
door, in the principal story, is a large Venetian window. 
All the other windows in both stories are regular. There 
is a spacious court-yard in front, with two gates for admis- 
sion and egress. 

The interior, being in the style of those days, is curious 
and beautiful. The hall is richly ornamented with stucco- 
work, and has an oak perkenteen floor disposed in 
diamonds and lozenges. The parlours are spacious, but 
gloomy, owing to the profusion of mahogany carved 
work, which is iioav of so dark a hue, that it throws a 
gloom and grandeur over the apartments. 

The stairs, balusters and hand-rail, and doors, are 
all of mahogany ; and the walls of the staircase are orna- 
mented with stucco-work, in a style superior to any thing 
of the present day. Busts of different members of the 
family, resting on consoles, are placed against the walls ; 
this beautiful workmanship was designed by CremiUon, 
an Italian, who was assisted by the Francini, of whose 
workmanship a very beautiful specimen is to be seen in 
the chapel of the Lying-in-Hospital. 

The extensive suite of apartments is adorned with a 







. 



LAW COURTS. 



281 



fine collection of the works of the old masters (See Ca- 
talogue of Paintings by the Old Masters). — In the small 
drawing-room is a very curious and beautiful specimen 
of Mosaic work in a marble pier table, and in this room 
is a portrait of Catherine Poer, Countess of Tyrone, by 
whose marriage with one of the Beresfords the title and 
property passed into that distinguished family ; the por- 
trait represents her as young and beautiful, and is in- 
serted in the summit of some ornamental carved work 
over the chimney-piece. The next apartment is pro- 
bably one of the most interesting subjects of curiosity in 
Dublin. The ceiling is carved and richly ornamented, 
and the walls are hung in tapestry, designed by the 
younger Teniers, and executed in Holland. This is the 
best specimen of the art of tapestry-weaving to be seen 
in Ireland. There are several other splendid apartments 
in the rear of the building, commanding a view of an 
extensive and well-planted lawn. 



Jlato Cmtrts* 



The courts of law in Ireland, antecedent to the year 
1695, were itinerant. Carlow, Drogheda, and various 
towns throughout the kingdom, occasionally gave shelter 
to the Commissioners of Justice. It appears from the 
annals, that previously to this date, the courts were held 
in Christ-Church-lane, adjacent to the cathedral of that 
name, but the situation being considered inconvenient, 
and the edifice inadequate, an attempt was made to con- 
vert the cathedral of St, Patrick's into a hall of justice, 






282 LAW COURTS. 

upon the pretence that two cathedrals were unnecessary ; 
besides, that from the union of the sees of Dublin and 
Glenda-loch, if St. Patrick's were turned to the required 
purpose, two cathedrals would still remain in the diocese 
of Dublin. This sophistry was successfully refuted by 
Adam Loftus. The same distinguished prelate also pro- 
tected this venerable cathedral from being converted into 
a University, which Sir John Perrot, the Lord Deputy, 
anxiously endeavoured to effect. 

The site of the Four Courts was formerly that of the 
Friary of St. Saviour, founded between the years 1202 and 
1218, in Ostmantown, on the northern bank of the river. 
William Mareschal the elder, Earl of Pembroke, was the 
founder. (See Archdall's Monasticon). It was originally 
a Friary of Cistercians, and was surrendered to the Do- 
minicans by the monks of St. Mary's Abbey in 122-1-, on 
the following condition, viz. that, on the Feast of the 
Nativity, the Dominicans should annually offer a lighted 
taper in the Abbey of St. Mary, as an acknowledgment 
that this monastery originally belonged to the Cistercian 
order. In the year 1316, a Scottish army, com- 
manded by Edward Bruce, brother to the king of Scot- 
land, and probably favoured by Richard, Earl of Ulster, 
at that time residing in St. Mary's Abbey, approached 
Dublin with an intention of besieging it ; but the citi- 
zens fortified themselves so securely, that Bruce, discom- 
fited, withdrew to Naas. Upon this occasion, the 
church of this friary was destroyed, to procure materials 
for repairing and enlarging the fortifications of Dublin ; 
and with those stones the city wall, which hitherto ran 
close to St. Audoen's Church, was advanced to the Mer- 
chants Quay, close to the water's edge. (See Audoen's 
Church.) But soii\j years after, Edward III. obliged the 



LAW COURTS. 283 

citizens to restore the church winch had been dilapidated 
for their benefit. The friars of this house had a college 
for the instruction of Philosophy and Divinity on Usher's 
Island, at the opposite side of the river; and from the 
difficulty of passing the stream during floods, they were 
compelled to throw a bridge across in the year 1423, 
which was afterwards called the Old Bridge. A toll was 
exacted from every passenger and vehicle that crossed, by 
a lay brother, and a vessel stood on the centre of the 
bridge containing holy water, for the purpose of sprinkling 
the passengers. 

About the year 1506, Patrick Hay, the last prior, sur- 
rendered this monastery to the King, and part of the 
property was granted by King Henry VIII. to Sir 
Thomas Cusacke for the yearly rent of 8.y. 5d. The site 
was afterwards granted for the erection of a King's Inns, 
where the judges, lawyers and attorneys had chambers. 
(See Duhigg's History of King's Inns.) 

In 1776, the King's Inns having quite fallen to decay, 
a new site was chosen for the erection of an edifice, to be 
called the " King's Inns or Temple," but which is to be 
differently appropriated from the former, and this site was 
selected to erect the Law Courts, or Four Courts, upon. 

The Law Courts situated on the north side of the river, 
are one of the noblest structures in Dublin, both as to 
magnitude and sublimity of design. They are built after 
a design of Mr. Cooley, who was architect of the Royal 
Exchange ; but he dying after the western wing was 
finished, the completion of this noble design was in- 
trusted to Mr. Gandon. The foundation stone was laid on 
the 13th of March, 1786, by Charles, Duke of Rutland, 
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, accompanied by James Vis- 
count LhTord, Lord Iliyh Chancellor; yet the edifice wa> 



284 LAW COURTS. 

not entirely finished for 14 years ; the expense of building, 
&c. is calculated at about 200,000^. It was intended to 
throw a bridge over the river immediately opposite the 
courts, and open a street up the hill in front of Christ 
Church ; but, from the closeness of the building to the 
water, it was deemed unsafe to make the experiment of 
driving piles, and a more expensive, but much more con- 
venient and beautiful design was proposed and executed. 
The quay wall in front of the courts was surmounted 
by a handsome iron balustrade, extending about 800 feet, 
at each end of which are handsome stone bridges with 
corresponding balustrades, forming a picturesque and 
magnificent fore-ground to the view of the courts from 
the opposite side of the river. The drawing made for 
this work is taken from Essex Quay, and introduces 
Richmond bridge, Ormond bridge, and the Queen's 
bridge; the Courts are seen on the right, and the 
Wellington Testimonial is seen considerably elevated in 
the distance. 

The following architectural description of the Courts is 
chiefly borrowed from Malton, but all late improvements 
and alterations are carefully attended to, as the entire 
edifice was not completely finished when Malton's Views 
were published. 

The edifice called the Four Courts, contains the Courts 
of Law, and an immense number of offices attached to 
them : it consists of a centre, at each side of which 
are squares, one to the east, the other to the west, 
surrounded by buildings containing the law offices; 
those squares are separated from the street by arcade 
screens of rusticated masonry, surmounted by a hand- 
some stone balustrade, and the entrance to each court- 
yard is through a large arch-way. Over the eastern gate 



LAW COURTS. 285 

is placed the harp of Ireland, laid upon a shield, encom- 
passed by emblems of Justice, Security, and Law, the 
shield resting on volumes of law books, bound together 
by a serpent entwined around them ; and over the 
western gate the royal shield, encircled by oak leaves, is 
encompassed by different emblems appropriate to the 
offices which occupy that wing: — Edward Smyth, of 
Dublin, was the artist. Around the eastern court are 
the offices of the Chancery, Exchequer, and Rolls court ; 
in the western square are those of the King's-bench, 
Hanaper, Remembrancer, and the repository of the rolls 
of Chancery. 

The center building, which contains the Courts of 
Chancery, King's-bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, 
is a square of 140 feet, within which is described a 
circle of 64 feet in diameter, from the circumference of 
which the Four Courts radiate to the angles of the square, 
and the intervals between the courts are occupied by 
jury rooms, and retiring chambers for the judges, &c. 
one of them also is employed as a Rolls Court. 

The front of the central pile consists of a handsome 
portico of six Corinthian columns with pilasters, support- 
ing a magnificent and well proportioned pediment ; on 
the apex is a statue of Moses, on one side of whom is a 
figure of Justice, and on the other one of Mercy. At 
each extremity of the front, and over the coupled pilasters 
are statues in a sitting posture, one of Wisdom, the other 
of Authority. Above the central building rises a circular 
lantern of the same diameter as the hall, 64. feet, 
ornamented by 24 pillars, and lighted by twelve large 
windows. An entablature is carried round the summit 
of the lantern, and on this appears to rest a magnificent 
dome. Beneath the portico of the south, or principal front, 



286 LAW COURTS, 

is a semicircular recess, in the center of which is the door- 
way, leading to the hall of the courts, which is exactly 
underneath the dome. This noble apartment, in term 
time, exhibits an extraordinary air of bustle and con- 
fusion ; here the lawyers, dressed in their professional cos- 
tume, promenade in search of some solicitor; or the better 
employed are obliged to pass from court to court to attend 
the suits they may be engaged in. The anxious suitor is 
seen and heard warmly urging the truth of his case to his 
legal friend, and the voice of the crier occasionally re- 
duces all to order, and interrupts those little groups of 
orators by the welcome tidings that their attendance in 
court is required. At the extremities of the diameters, 
passing through the four cardinal points, are the entrances 
to the hall, the Rolls Court, and the chambers appropriated 
to the judges and juries, &c. and between these are the 
entrances to the different courts, each entrance is between 
Corinthian columns two deep, 25 feet high, fluted the 
upper two- thirds of the shaft, and resting on a sub-plinth, 
in which the steps leading to the court are indented ; by 
this disposition there are formed eight intervals or recesses, 
all ornamented in the same style, and the piers between 
them are decorated with niches and sunk pannels. 
The columns support an entablature which is continued 
the entire way round ; above the entablature is an attic 
pedestal ornamented by eight sunk pannels, which are 
exactly above the eight intervals between the columns ; 
on the pannels over the entrance to the Four Courts, the 
following historical events are represented in bas-relief : 
1st, William the Conqueror instituting Courts of Justice, 
Feudal and Norman laws, Doomsday Book, Curfew. 
2nd, King John signing Magna Charta, in presence of 
the barons. 3rd, Henry the 2nd giving an audience to 



LAW COURTS. 287 

the Irish chiefs, and granting the first charter to the 
citizens of Dublin. 4th, James I. abolishing the Brehon 
laws, Tamistry, Gavelkind, Gossipred, and publishing 
the Act of Oblivion, — these are the workmanship of Mr. 
Edward Smyth, of Dublin. From the attic pedestal rises 
an hemispherical dome with a rich Mosaic ceiling ; in the 
dome, above the pannels of the attic, are eight windows of 
considerable size, which admit abundance of light into 
the hall beneath ; the vertex of the hemispherical ceiling 
is perforated by a circular opening, permitting a view 
into the void between the two domes, as in St. Paul's in 
London ; the void is a large apartment, the diameter of 
the hall, illumined by 12 windows, and used as a record 
room ; it was originally intended for a library, but is ob- 
viously ill calculated for such purpose. 

In the piers between the windows of the interior dome 
are eight colossal statues, in alto relievo, resting upon 
consoles or brackets, representing Punishment, Eloquence, 
Mercy, Prudence, Law, Wisdom, Justice, and Liberty. 
Over those statues an entablature with a highly enriched 
frieze is continued round the dome, and immediately 
above each window, on the frieze, are medallions of the 
following eight distinguished legislators, Moses, Ly- 
curgus, Solon, Numa, Confucius, Alfred, Mancho-Capac, 
and Ollamh-Fodhla. 

The courts are all of exactly the same dimensions, and 
similarly constructed ; they are separated from the great 
hall, by a partition, the upper part of which is glazed ; on 
each side of every court are galleries for the jury, and at 
the end opposite to the entrance the judges bench is 
placed, in an elevated position, and beneath a semi-ellip- 
tical sounding-board. Each court is lighted by six 
windows, three on either side, and perhaps there is too 



288 ^NNS OF COURT. 

great a quantity of light admitted. There are numerous 
apartments underground, one of which, the coffee-room, is 
a great convenience to persons who are obliged to remain 
in court all day. 

The present elevation of the Four Courts is supposed to 
be a trifling deviation from the design of Mr. Cooley ; his 
intention was to have kept back the central pile, and to 
have formed a continued area in front of the building-, 
but tliis inimitable plan was interrupted from the great 
difficulty of procuring ground at the rear of the courts ; 
in consequence of which, Mr. Gandon, who completed 
the building, introduced the idea of distinct court-yards 
divided by the centert The front of the Four Courts 
towards the Quay extends 450 feet, and its depth is 170. 



INNS OF COURT. 

Before the reign of Edward I. there were no regular 
courts of Justice nor Inns of Court ; the number of Pala- 
tinates and Chiefries existing- through Ireland, which were 
governed by the old Brehon laws, rendered a court of 
Chancery unnecessary ; but an Exchequer was still re- 
quired. The Brehon laws were of so mild and con- 
ciliating a spirit, that a fine (erick) was the only punish- 
ment inflicted even for the worst of crimes. 

It is manifest that such a system, in those days, must 
have been liable to infinite abuses, and after an existence 
of nearly four centuries under the crown of England, the 
application of them was at length declared to be treason- 
able, in the 40th of Edward III. by the statute of Kil- 
kenny. The Brehon laws were written in a character 



INNS OF COURT. 289 

called the " Phanian dialect," and the family of Mac 
Egan alone possessed the secret of decyphering their re- 
cords ; so we learn from the Collect, de Reb. Hib. that 
the Mac Egans were in possession of this secret, down to 
the reign of Charles I. — Henry II is said to have held a 
court in Dublin, (Nov. 1172,) but all records or manu- 
scripts relating to it are lost. 

The first institution of an Irish Inn of Court took place 
in the reign of Edward I. ; it was called Collet's Inn, and 
was outside the city walls, where Exchequer-street and 
George's-street south are now built ; here also were the 
superior courts of justice. But, unfortunately, a banditti 
from the mountains of Wicklow, watching an opportunity, 
when the deputy and great part of the military strength 
were engaged at a distance, entered and plundered the 
Exchequer ; and having burned every record they could 
lay hands on, murdered all the unarmed inhabitants of 
the neighbourhood. About the same period, both in 
England and France, a similar attack was made on the 
Temple, and other public literary establishments, by an 
armed force. 

This dreadful calamity obliged the government to re- 
move the seat of justice from without the walls ; and the 
courts were at first appointed to be held in the Castle of 
Dublin ; then at Carlow, which was considered an im- 
pregnable fortress. Whilst the Courts and Inns of Law 
were held in this ambulatory manner, in the reign of 
Edward III., Sir Robert Preston, Chief Baron of the Exche- 
quer, resigned, for an Inn of Court, his noble mansion, si- 
tuated where the Royal Exchange now stands, and having 
a range of offices extending from that to Essex-bridge, or, 
according to the ancient nomenclature, from Dame's-gate 
to Isod's tower, afterwards Essex-gate : on this site Lord 

15 



290 



NNS OF COURT. 



Chief Baron Byssc, some years after, built a noble 
dence, which was taken down in 1762,, to open Parliament- 
street. 

In Preston's Inns the benchers, lawyers and attorneys 
had chambers, which they were required to fit up at their 
private expense ; and, for two centuries, this Collegiate 
Society was upheld with dignity and advantage to the 
legal profession. After the death of Sir Robert Preston, 
the family, which had been honoured by a peerage, iu 
1478, with the title of Viscounts Gormanstown, disputed 
the claim to the site of Preston's Inn, and their claim 
being supported by government, the benchers and 
lawyers were dispossessed. At this time the Courts of 
Law were held in the Castle of Dublin, which being 
found inconvenient, as a considerable number of military 
required accommodation there also^ the Inns of Court 
were removed to the dissolved Monastery of Dominicans, 
called the Monastery of St. Saviour's, where the Four 
Courts now stand; (see Law Courts.) In 1512, Henry 
VIII. assumed, for the first time that any English 
monarch had done so, the title of King of Ireland, and 
from the royal founder this society took the denomination 
of the " King's Inns." The society of King's Inns ob- 
tained from Henry VIII. grants of land in MichanV 
parish, in Patrick-street, and in New-street, besides par- 
liamentary support; and a statute was introduced, oblig- 
ing each student of law to reside for two years at an Eng- 
lish Inn of Court, to assist in introducing the English 
practice of law into this kingdom. From this date, the 
society of King's Inns began to assume an air of respecta- 
bility and importance as a body. 

The King's Inns occupied this site for a considerable 
time, but the building was at length allowed to fall into 



INNS OF COURT. 291 

a ruinous condition, and became unfit for the purposes 
of the Society. Some time after this, in 1771, a report 
was made to the government, that a repository for public 
records was much wan ted, and the site of the King's Inns 
was recommended as the most convenient for such a 
building; this was approved of, and the same site 
being also considered eligible for the Law Courts, the 
present magnificent building was erected, containing 
both. A promise of compensation was made at the same 
time to the Society of King's Inns for the ground, which 
it does not appear has ever been fulfilled. 

Six years previously to this, the Society had taken a 
plot of ground from the Rev. Richard Robinson, then 
Primate of Ireland, at the upper end of Henrietta-street, 
where the first stone of the foundation of the New Inns 
was laid by Lord Clare, Chancellor of Ireland. The si- 
tuation was unhappily chosen, being accessible only from 
the rear, and the rent very extravagant : nor was it cer- 
tain whether the lessor had power to dispose of the ground 
in perpetuity ; it was disputed too, whether he could pur- 
chase the interests of under tenants, and become the 
sole lessor to the society ; and after not only all the 
lawyers of eminence in Ireland being consulted, but 
also the English Attorney and Solicitor General re- 
quested to give their opinion, it was ultimately arranged 
only by the passing of an Act of Parliament. 

The edifice called the Inns of Court, presents a 
beautiful front, of hewn stone, to the rear of the houses 
on Constitution-hill, consisting of a centre and wings. 
The wings, which extend back 110 feet, present a facade 
of two stories, surmounted by pediments; over the 
windows of the second story, in the north wing, is an alto 
relievo, representing Bacchus and Ceres, sacrificing on 
n 2 



292 INNS OF COURT. 

an antique tripod, attended by the Seasons ; and over the 
front of the south wing, or Prerogative Court, in a si- 
milar manner, are represented, Wisdom, Justice, and 
Prudence, sacrificing on an altar, attended by Truth, 
Time, and History. On the entablature in the centre 
of the building, the lawyers and prelates of Ireland are 
represented, receiving a translation of the Bible and a 
charter from Elizabeth, who appears seated on a throne. 

The doorways in front of the Dining-hall and Preroga- 
tive Court, are ornamented by caryatides,* supporting a 
rich cornice, and resting on pedestals. Those at the 
door of the dining-hall are Plenty and a Bacchante with 
a goblet ; and at the entrance to the Prerogative Court 
and Record Office are Security and Law, one holding a 
key, the other a scroll, 

k Beneath the central building, which is crowned by a 
beautiful octangular cupola, is a lofty, arched gateway, 
with doors at either side, leading into the space between 
the Dining-hall and Record Office, which run parallel to 
each other; and at the farther end is a magnificent 
corresponding gate with doorways, communicating with 
Henrietta-street. Over this gate are the royal arms in 
Portland stone, which, together with all the statuary of 
the building, were executed by Edward Smyth, a Dublin 
artist of very considerable merit. 

The dining-hall, which occupies the principal part of 
the north wing, is 81 feet by 42, ornamented by four 
three-quarter Ionic columns at either end, over which 
in circular recesses in the ceiling, are figures in alto 
relievo, representing the four Cardinal Virtues; at the 
end of the hall where the benchers' table is placed, the 

* Caryatides are statues employed to support an entablature instead of 
columns. 



INNS OF COURT. 293 

floor is elevated about 12 inches above that of the re- 
maining' part, and over the chimney-piece at this end is 
a portrait of Lord Chancellor Manners. The room is 
lighted by five circular-headed windows on one side, 
between which are niches intended to be filled with 
statues ; and on the opposite side are portraits of Lords 
Avonmore and Manners. The lawyers and law students 
dine on one side, and the attorneys on the other side of the 
hall. 

Over the anti-hall is the library, a room measuring 
only 42 feet by 1 7, and never intended for this purpose. 
Part of this collection was the property of Christopher 
Robinson, Esq. Senior Puisne Judge of the Court of 
King's Bench, and the selection of law books was made 
chiefly by Charles, Earl Camden, Lord Chancellor. 

A curious manuscript volume, called the " Black 
Book," is preserved here, containing the transactions of 
the society of King's Inns, for many years back. The 
library is open every day from two to four o'clock. 

The admission fees on becoming a member of King's 
Inns are, 

For a Barrister ------£. 568 

For a Bencher ------ 1176 

Attorney - - £. 2 13 4 
Fee - - - - 16 8 

4 

Admission to the Library five guineas each Member. 
This elegant structure is erected from the designs of 
James Gandon, Esq. the Architect of the Custom-house. 



294 CONSISTORIAL COURT. 



PREROGATIVE COURT. 

The Court of Prerogative was formerly held in a 
large mansion in Henrietta-street, once the residence 
of Primate Robinson, adjoining the Inns of Court ; but 
it has lately been removed to the south wing of the Inns, 
where the Right Hon. John RadclhTe, LL. D. the present 
judge, holds his court, on Tuesdays and Fridays each 
week in Term. The remaining part of this wing is oc- 
cupied with records of different kinds, original wills, admi- 
nistrations, licences of marriage ; and here also are pre- 
served the manuscripts, called " Regal Visitation Books.'' 
One of these books, which probably belonged to this 
office originally, is said to be in the hands of Sir 
William Betham, Ulster King at Arms; the oldest 
record in this office is dated 1530. Some extracts from 
the Visitation Book, which were laid before parliament 
in 1815, give accounts of the ecclesiastical property 
of Ireland in the twelfth century. 



CONSISTORIAL COURT. 

The Consistorial Court, winch was originally held in 
the Cathedral of the diocese, is now held in Stephen's- 
grcen, at the house of the Deputy Registrar, Thomas 
Clarke, Esq. Here all cases of blasphemy, apostacy, && 
are decided, marriage licences granted, and all points con- 
nected with the rights and privileges of the church ad- 
justed. The records in this office do not bear a date 
more ancient than 1G00, and even these are not complete, 



BOARD OF FIRST FRUITS. 295 

there being an hiatus from 1730 to 1779. There is in 
this office a valuable set of books in admirable preser- 
vation, called Title Books. 



HIGH COURT OF ADMIRALTY. 

There is a regular Court of Admiralty in Dublin as 
in London, and for the same objects, it is held in the 
Law Courts, and, consists of a Judge, three Surrogates, 
a Registrar, Marshal, and Proctors, &c.; the independence 
of this court was preserved by a special clause in the 
Act of Union. The records are in possession of the Re- 
gistrar, D. Piueau, Esq. The date of the oldest MS. in 
the Registrar's possession is 1747, at which period this 
court was probably first instituted. 



BOARD OF FIRST FRUITS, 

This board, chiefly consisting of the dignitaries of the 
established church, holds its meetings twice in the year at 
the Record Office in the Lower Castle-yard ; their principal 
business is the augmentation of the value of small 
livings, by purchasing glebe, building glebe houses, &c. 
and improving the property of the Church of England by 
every legal and honourable means in their power. Their 
grants are made according to a certain scale. Here are 
many public records, which, about the year 1814, were 
arranged in systematic order. Amongst these was found 
the charter of Trinity College, which was restored to 
the University, upon the presentation of a petition from 
that venerable body to the commissioners appointed by 
parliament. 



290 GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 

public dMScts, 



GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 
The necessity of a mode of communication between 
persons at a distance from each other was felt as early as 
the invention of letters ; and both in the sacred writings 
and in the ancient classics we find this mode of com- 
munication spoken of. In later ages, France may per- 
haps be considered as being the first nation that esta- 
blished a regular and systematic mode of transferring 
letters ;* and England, of course, quickly adopted so ob- 
viously important an advantage. Edward VI. pre- 
scribed a certain rate per mile, to be charged for post 
horses, viz. one penny ; -and a post was established be- 
tween London and Edinburgh; and between Chester 
and Dublin, by way of Holyhead. Cromwell also ex- 
tended this establishment, and with the aid of parliament 
took the management into the hands of government; at 
this time packets sailed between Dublin and Parkgate or 
Chester, and between Milford and Waterford. The first 
director of the Post-office, appointed by government, 
was John Manley, who was obliged to make uniform 
charges for the conveyance of letters, at the rate of two 
pence for eighty miles. A Postmaster General for the 
British dominions, was appointed in 1711, and a sepa- 
rate establishment opened in Ireland, under the direction 
of two Postmasters General, in 1784, two years after 
the passing of the " Act for the Restoration of the Con- 
stitution of Ireland." From this date, the facility of 
communication through the kingdom has rapidly in- 

* In the reign of Louis XL 1475, 



GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 297 

creased, and the number of post towns in Ireland, which 
this office advertises to deliver letters at, amounts to 
above 400, 

The Penny Post-office, attached to this establishment, 
was first opened in 1770, and is conducted in a most in- 
genious and expeditious manner ; there are four col- 
lections and four deliveries of letters through the city 
every day, Sunday excepted ; and in the neighbourhood 
of Dublin there are two collections and deliveries daily ; 
but all letters delivered beyond the circular road pay 
two pence postage. There are fifty houses in different 
parts of the city appointed to receive letters, and sixty 
carriers who call for and distribute them ; so that it is 
scarcely possible to conceive any establishment on a 
more perfect footing than the Penny-post of Dublin. It 
has attained this state of perfection under the manage- 
ment of Mr. Baynes. 

The next feature of importance is the establishment 
of mail-coaches, a measure fraught with much advan- 
tage to the general interests of Ireland. Parts of this 
kingdom, hitherto unknown, are now in a state of civili- 
zation, owing to the intercourse they enjoy with more 
cultivated society. Mails were first established in 
England in 1784, in Ireland in 1790. Mr. Anderson, of 
Fcrmoy, first contracted to run a coach, carrying the mail- 
bags between Dublin and Cork, and Mr. Grier, between 
Dublin and Newry ; to accomplish which purpose more 
fully, his Excellency the Marquis of Buckingham pur- 
chased two coaches in London, and presented them to the 
contractors. The Road Act was shortly after passed, 
which has opened every part of Ireland to the traveller, 
with convenience and safety, and a chain of communi- 
cation is now kept up throughout the kingdom, by means 



298 GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 

of this very ingenious management of the coaches, for 
wherever the direct mail from Dublin to any town stops, 
a second light mail coach is in waiting to proceed by 
cross roads. 

Coaches leave the General Post-office every evening 
at eight o'clock precisely ; they drive into the court-yard 
(from which all persons not on business are excluded) 
at one gate, and out at another immediately opposite, and 
all passengers are required to take their seats before the 
coach arrives at the entrance gate. This admirable re- 
gulation and precaution was rendered necessary, from 
an extraordinary robbery which was committed on the 
Belfast mail about two years since ; a person called at 
the office of the coach, and paid for the four inside seats 
for that mght, but only one seat being taken possession 
of in the evening, upon inquiry being made for the 
remainder, he answered, they would be taken up at the 
Canal-bridge ; the coachman drew up at the appointed 
place, and the gentleman got out to look for his friends, 
but was never heard of more ; upon examining the coach, 
it appeared he had cut out the pannel in the back of the 
boot, and carried off 4,000/. in small notes, directed to a 
northern bank. 

The English mail is despatched every morning at seven 
o'clock, in a mail-cart, to Howth-harbour, whence it 
is conveyed by government steam-packets, of great 
power, to Holyhead. Besides two steam-packets, there 
are seven packets on the old construction, and two 
wherries, which can cross the channel when the steam- 
packet coidd not live. All letters for Scotland and the 
north of England are sent by way of Donaghadee ami 
Port Patrick, and to the South, by way of Waterford 
and Milford Haven. 



GENERAL P06T-0FFICE. 299 

The General Post-office of Dublin was at first held in 
a small building in Dame street, and was afterwards re- 
moved to a larger and better situated house, opposite the 
Bank of Ireland, in College-green, (since converted into 
the Royal Arcade) ; and on January the Gth, 1819, the new 
Post-office in Sackville-street was opened for business. 

The foundation-stone of this magnificent edifice, which 
is built after a design of Francis Johnston, Esq. was laid 
by his Excellency Charles, Earl Whit worth, August 12, 
1814, and the structure was completed in the short space 
of three years, for the moderate sum of 50,000/. The 
site on which the new Post-office is erected, was pre- 
viously occupied by a range of houses corresponding 
with those in the same street, near Carlisle-bridge, and 
used for some time as a temporary barrack : but they 
were so badly built, and so shaken by their numerous in- 
mates, that immediately after the military were removed 
they all fell down; fortunately no lives were lost. 

The front, which extends 220 feet, has a magnificent 
portico (80 feet wide) of six fluted Ionic columns, 4 feet 
f> inches in diameter. The frieze of the entablature is 
highly enriched, and in the tympanum of the pediment 
are the royal arms. On the acroteria of the pediment 
are three statues, executed by John Smyth, viz. Mercury, 
on the right, with his Caduceus and purse; on the 
left, Fidelity, with her finger on her lips, and a key in 
her hand ; and in the centre, Hibernia resting on her 
spear and holding her shield. The entablature, with 
the exception of the architrave, is continued along the 
rest of the front ; the frieze, however, is not decorated as 
it is over the portico. A handsome balustrade surmounts 
the cornice of the building, which is 50 feet from tlic 
ground. With the exception of the portico, which is of 



300 STAMP OFFICE. 

Portland stone, the whole is of mountain-granite. The 
elevation has three stories, of which the lower, or basement, 
is rusticated, and in this respect it resembles the India 
House in London, where a rusticated ground floor is in- 
troduced, although the portico occupies the entire height 
of the structure. 

Over the centre of the building is seen a cupola, con- 
taining the chimes and bell on which the clock-hammer 
strikes. Tins bell is so loud, that it is heard in every 
part of the city. 

The interior is particularly remarkable for the conve- 
nience of its arrangement and the number of its commu- 
nicating apartments ; the board-room is a very handsome 
apartment, furnished with only two seats, which are for 
the Postmasters General; over the chimney piece, pro- 
tected by a curtain of green silk, is a bust of Earl 
Whitworth, in white marble, the workmanship of John 
Smyth. 



STAMP OFFICE. 

The business of this office was formerly transacted in 
a range of old brick buildings in Eustace-street, at the 
north side of Dame-street ; but was removed from this 
inconvenient situation May 3rd, 1811, to its present 
one in William-street. An office for the manufacture 
and distribution of stamps was first established in 
this kingdom during the government of Earl Harcourt, 
in 1774, and even then was productive of a consi- 
derable revenue, which, from the augmentation of stamp- 
duties, has since increased to more than ten times its 
early amount. The gross produce of stamp-duties for 
the years 1812, 13, and 1 1, exceeded 700,000/. 






STAMP OFFICE. 301 

1815 it amounted to ;£. 747,586 8 5| 

1816 591,265 8 11 

1817 596,709 16 8 

1818 610,396 15 7} 

1819 602,535 12 7| 

1820 557,403 1 10 

1821 to June 5th - 4S5,429 8 8 
The accounts furnished before 1818 were all in Irish 
currency, but from that date they have been returned in 
British, and are always to be so returned in future. 

The present Stamp-office was formerly the private resi- 
dence of Richard, Viscount Powerscourt ; it was com- 
menced in the year 1771, and completed in three years, 
at the sole expense of his lordship, and cost the moderate 
sum of 10,000/. ; it is after a design of Mr. Robert Mack, 
architect. The Commissioners of Stamp-duties purchased 
it for the sum of 15,000/. 

The west front, which is presented to William-street, 
is of mountain-granite, raised on his lordship's estate in 
the county of Wicklow; the ornaments and dressings 
being of Portland-stone. This facade consists of a base- 
ment, principal floor, and mezzanine. The first of these, 
which has circular-headed windows, is rusticated, and 
has a Doric entablature, continued also over the gateways 
on the side, supplying the place of wings. The ascent 
to the grand entrance is by a broad flight of steps, with a 
stone balustrade ; the door has Doric pilasters and an en- 
tablature. The windows of the first floor, three on each side 
of the centre, rest on rich pedestals, and have pediments, 
of which the middle one of the three is semi-circular. 
Above the slight projection or break, forming the central 
division of this elevation, is a pediment with a circular 
window in its tympanum, and above is a singular species 



STAMP OFFICE. 

of attic, enriched with carved scrolls instead of pOas 
From this part of the structure, which was originally in- 
tended as an observatory, may be obtained as extend 
view as the smoke of the city will permit. This fine edifice, 
cannot at present be seen to advantage, in consequence of 
its being built in the narrowest part of a narrow-street, 
(William-street,) immediately opposite Castle-market. 

The hall and staircase are decorated with rich heavy 
stucco-work, not suited to the taste of the present day ; 
and the stairs and balusters are of mahogany. 

In the drawing-room of this splendid mansion are 
two slabs of the lava of Vesuvius, richly mounted as 
pier tables ; and in tins room were several paintings of 
the old masters, winch have been since removed to his lord- 
ship's magnificent residence in the county of Wicklow. 

The gateways at each side of the house have been 
converted into entrances to the different offices of the es- 
tablishment ; these are principally held in a square of 
buildings erected at the rear of the house for this pur- 
pose, which improvements have cost the commissioners 
15,000/.* 

* There were two designs laid before Lord Powerscourt, for a town 
residence, by Mr. Mack, the hall-door of one of them was ornamented 
by a portieo with a flat canopy, which design was rejected by his lord- 
ship. Whitelaw, and others after him, have confounded the two eleva- 
tions, and state, that it was the intention to have built a portico in 
front of the present edifice ; but drawings of both designs are yet to be 
seen in Dublin, which contradict this. 



BALLAST OFFICE. 303 



BALLAST OFFICE. 



This useful establishment holds its meeting in a hand- 
some house, built for the purpose, in Westmoreland- 
street, near Carlisle-bridge, and economy has been so 
much the guide of the earliest resolutions of this board, 
that their office has been built to range and correspond 
with the uniformity of the other houses in this street. 

The society was incorporated in the year 1707, under 
the title of " The Corporation for Preserving and Im- 
proving the Port of Dublin," and was placed under the 
superintendence of the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and some 
of the citizens of Dublin. At this period great improve- 
ments were made in the entrance of the harbour, which 
was extremely dangerous, owing to two sand banks, 
called the North and South Bulls, which completely choked 
it up ; a channel of some breadth was cleared, and a float- 
ing light established, where the Dublin light-house has 
since been erected. About the year 1714 the river was 
embanked on both sides, a quay wall built, and a large 
quantity of marshy ground reclaimed; and about 1748, 
that extensive work, the Mole, which connects Ringsend 
and the Pigeon-house, was commenced, and the expense 
defrayed by a tonnage on shipping. Shortly after, this 
corporation was intrusted with fuller powers, both as to 
the nature of the improvements they were to undertake, 
and as to the election of new members to fill vacancies at 
their board. Their next great work was the building of 
the Mole* and Light-house in Dublin Bay; but the grand 

* This wall measures 9,81G feet from the rigeon-housc to the 
Light-house. 



304 BALLAST OFFICE. 

conclusion of their labours was the enclosing of the Liffey 
within the present magnificent quay walls, which extend 
from Ringsend to Bloody-bridge, a distance of three 
English miles ; which has not only deepened the channel, 
but greatly benefitted and improved the city. Dublin 
was well supplied with bridges before the incorporation 
of this body, but two of them were in a dilapidated con- 
dition, and one, called the Coal-Quay-bridge, was partly 
swept away by the floods. The Ballast Office have sup- 
plied their places by Richmond and Ormond bridges. 

Since the institution of this body, the coast of Ireland has 
been rendered more safe to the mariner by the erection of 
light-houses in various places. The most extraordinary in 
point of situation, and winch was attended with many 
melancholy disasters during its building, is that on the 
Tuskard Rock on the coast of Wexford ; (see Whitelaw's 
Plistory of Dublin.) The light- house erected on the 
Bailey at Howth is probably one of the best situated on 
the coast, and lighted on very improved principles, the 
reflectors being ground to the parabolic form, and an oil 
lamp placed in the focus of each. 

The funds of this Board are derived from the sale of 
ballast to the shipping, which they raise from the channel 
of the river, and from a tonnage on vessels arriving in 
port. The expense of building the quay walls was de- 
frayed by a tax, which has now ceased to be demanded. 
The Directors of this Board do not receive salaries, and 
perhaps no establishment in the kingdom has given 
greater satisfaction, or been of more real benefit. 



PAVING BOARD. 305 



PAVING BOARD. 

This board consists of a chief Commissioner and two 
others, with two supervisors, a treasurer, and secretary, 
the amount of whose salaries is but 2,300/. per annum. 
The objects of this board are of course most important, 
paving-, lighting, and cleaning the streets, making sewers, 
and, in summer, watering the public ways. There are few 
cities in better condition as to pavement, and none so 
well supplied with broad and even flag- ways. 

Many great improvements have been made by this 
body ; there were formerly in almost every street one or 
two fountains, which, though a great ornament, were also 
a serious nuisance, and the cause of many sad accidents ; 
they were always crowded with poor persons and idlers, 
and the pavement around was always so wet and slip- 
pery, that horses, particularly in harness, have frequently 
fallen in attempting to pass, and in winter the same 
places became a perfect sheet of ice. All these nuisances 
have been removed, at the expense of a trifling loss to 
the city, in point of picturesque appearance. The light- 
ing of the city, however, is not so deserving of approba- 
tion, the intervals between the lamps being much too 
great; but the introduction of gas-light, by the new 
company, has probably diminished the exertions of the 
Paving-board in this particular point, as the use of gas is 
becoming very general. 

This board formerly held its meetings in a large brick 
house at the corner of Dawson-strect, the site of Morri- 
son's hotel, from whence it removed to its present situation 
in Mary-street. This house was formerly the residence of 
the ancient and respectable family of the Rowleys, from 
x 



2 



306 WIDE-STREET COMMISSIONERS. 

whom it was purchased for a temporary barrack ; and at 
the conclusion of the war it was transferred to the Paving- 
board, who have fitted it up conveniently, and erected 
stabling at the rear for their horses, and sheds for the 
watering-carts. 



WIDE-STREET COMMISSIONERS. 

The Commissioners for " opening wide and conve- 
nient streets'" were appointed in 1758, when the first im- 
provement they made was to open a passage from the 
Castle to Essex-bridge ; after which, they were directed 
to improve the city generally, by opening wide avenues. 
Their funds for the purchase of houses are derived 
partly from parliament, from a tonnage on coals imported 
to Dublin, and from a card tax levied from the citizens. 
The next improvement was the opening of Dame-street, 
so as to form a proper avenue from the seat of govern- 
ment to the Parliament-house. Westmoreland-street, 
Sackville-street, (formerly Drogheda-street,) and Caven- 
dish-row, and the passages along the river on both sides, 
are lasting monuments of the labours of this useful body. 
The last improvement was the opening of D'Olier and 
New Brunswick streets ; and they are still determined to 
immortalize themselves in the memories of their fellow- 
citizens by one great act above all the former; from 
the end of York-street in Aungier-street, a passage will 
be continued to Patrick's Cathedral, forming one direct 
and splendid communication between Stephen's Green 
and that venerable edifice. The improvements in the 
vicinity of the other cathedral are going on with rapidity, 



PIFE WATER COMMITTEE. 307 

and reflect credit on this respectable and intelligent body. 
Numerous other avenues have been opened, which it would 
be impossible to enumerate here ; but the best argument 
in favour of the proceedings of this board, is the mag- 
nificence of the avenues and streets of Dublin. 

The Board meet at their Secretary's house in Blessing- 
ton-street, where their proceedings may be seen, contained 
in 24 folio volumes of manuscript, numerically arranged, 



PIPE WATER COMMITTEE. 

The Pipe Water Committee, instituted for the purpose 
of supplying the city with water, is composed of mem- 
bers of the corporation solely, viz. the Lord Mayor, 
Sheriffs, 12 of the Aldermen, and 24 of the Common 
Council ; they have the power of levying taxes for the 
supply of pipes, and paving the streets after they are laid, 
and hold a meeting every Monday at the City Assembly- 
room in William-street, at the corner of Coppinger's-row, 
to transact business. 

There are three basins attached to Dublin for the sup- 
ply of fresh water, one at the end of Basin-lane in James's- 
street, which is an English mile in circumference, and 
round which is a broad gravel walk, formerly one of the 
most fashionable parades in the vicinity of Dublin. 

A second basin is situated on the high ground at the 
upper end of Blessington-street, also encompassed by a 
terrace, and enclosed by a strong close hedge, for the sup- 
ply of the north side of the city ; and a third is situated 
on the banks of the canal, near Porto-bcllo harbour, to 
feed the pipes in the south-eastern part of Dublin. 
x 2 



308 THE CUSTOM I10USC. 

The water was formerly conveyed by wooden pipes from 
those basins through all the streets, and a leaden pipe, 
inserted in the main, supplied each house with water. It 
being found, however, that the wooden pipes were subject 
to very speedy decay, and consequently superinduced enor- 
mous expense, metal pipes were adopted in 1802, and have 
been continued ever since. A new tax was imposed on the 
citizens, for the accomplishing of this object, called " the 
Metal Main Tax," which they have not borne with so 
much good feeling as they ought, as it will, in all pro- 
bability, be shortly removed. 



THE CUSTOM HOUSE. 

The old Custom House stood near Essex-bridge, be- 
tween Essex-street and the river, and was built in tin 
year 1707; it must have been originally inconvenient for 
business ; besides which, the navigation of the river could 
not be improved, owing to a bed of rocks which extended 
across the river, opposite to the building. These circum- 
stances induced the Commissioners to erect a new and 
capacious Custom House nearer .to the mouth of the river ; 
accordingly, they chose the present site on the north bank, 
on Eden Quay; and since this quay has been opened 
and its walls completed, there is, perhaps, no city in 
Europe that affords a covp cTccil more magnificent than 
the panoramic view from Carlisle-bridge. From this 
point the spectator beholds Sackville-strcct with the 
Post-office and its beautiful portico, Nelson's Pillar, and 
the Rotunda; in the distance—the south front of the 
Custom House with the quay walls and shipping;— 



THE CUSTOM HOUSE. 309 

Westmoreland-street with the portico of the old House 
of Lords, and the north pavilion of Trinity College ; — 
and D'Olier-street, winch, though unfinished, contains 
one handsome stone building, the Dublin library, and is 
terminated by a view of the front of the new-square of 
Trinity College. In consequence of the violent oppo- 
sition of Lord Shannon, to the passing of the Bill through 
the Irish House, not only was the building of the New 
Custom House delayed, but the first stone was laid, almost 
secret, by the Right Hon. John Claudius Beresford. 

This edifice, the second building in Dublin, in point of 
extreme elegance in workmanship, is an extensive pile, and 
if we except, perhaps, its proximity to the water's edge, 
admirably situated ; yet, although its contiguity to the 
river is a defect, as far as beauty is concerned, it is con- 
venient for the dispatch of business. There are four fronts, 
accurately corresponding to the four Cardinal Points. 

The south or principal front, which is entirely of Port- 
land-stone, extends 375 feet, and the depth of the building 
from north to south is 209. The central part, which 
is 130 feet in breadth, is continued from the north to the 
south front, and forms the partition between two spacious 
court-yards, which were indispensable in affording light 
to the apartments in the interior or central part of the 
building. In the centre of this front is a portico of four 
Doric columns supporting an entablature, with a fine 
projecting mutule cornice, and a frieze enriched with 
the heads of oxen connected by festoons. The tympanum 
of the pediment is decorated with a group of figures in 
altc relievo, Hibernia and Britannia embracing each other, 
and holding the emblems of Peace and Liberty. These 
two figures are sealed in a marine chariot, or shell, drawn 
by sea horses, and attended by a crowd of Tritons, after 



i. 



310 THE CUSTOM HOUSE. 

whom appears a fleet of merchant ships, bearing the pro- 
duce of various nations to the shores of Ireland, and 
wafted by the trade winds: the whole designed and exe- 
cuted by Mr. Edward Smyth. — The attic story, which is 
the height of the pediment, supports four allegorical 
statues, of Industry, Commerce, Wealth, and Navigation, 
executed by Thomas Banks, Esq. R. A. of London. Above 
the portico is a magnificent cupola, resembling those 
at Greenwich Hospital, its dome is 26 feet in dia- 
meter, and is supported by 40 columns. On the apex of 
the dome is a circular pedestal, upon which is placed a 
colossal statue of Hope, 12 feet high. The entire elevation 
to the summit of this figure is 125 feet. On the key stones 
of the arches over the different door- ways, sixteen in 
number, are carved colossal heads, emblematic of the 
different rivers of Ireland, distinguished by means of the 
produce of their banks ; the Anna Liffey, which runs 
through the city, is represented by a female, all the rest 
by male heads. — These also are the workmanship of Mr. 
Edward Smyth, an Irish artist.* 

The pavilion at either extremity of this facade has a 
recess with two Doric columns, above which, of the same 



* This excellent sculptor was born in the county of Mcath, lTlti. 
He was intended by his father for the army, in which he himself held 
the rank of Captain ; but having a decided predilection for modelling, 
was placed under Vcrpoyle, His first public work was, the admirable- 
statue of Dr. Lucas, in the Exchange. Besides the sculpture at the 
Custom House, he executed the figures at the Bank of Ireland, Four 
Courts, King's Inns, and the beautiful heads in black stone on the New 
Castle-Chapel. These, however, he did not live to finish, but they 
h.iw since been completed by his son from his models. He diet! in 
1*12. He was likewise the sculptor of a beautiful monument in SI. 
Anne's Church. (Seep. 151.) 



THE CUSTOM HOUSE. 311 

height as the balustrade, and surmounting the cornice of the 
edifice, is a pannel decorated with festoons, and serving as 
a pedestal to a group formed of the arms of Ireland on a 
shield, with the Lion and Unicom, executed by Smyth. In 
each of the Arr tire-corps,* between the pavilions and 
centre, are seven rusticated arches, and above them three 
niches and four windows placed alternately, all of which are 
crowned with pediments. The balustrade of the pavilions 
is continued over the Arrtire-corps. 

The north front is of the same extent and height, but 
being built of mountain granite and not so much orna- 
mented, is considerably inferior in point of beauty: besides 
the light colour of the Portland stone in the south front 
gives a cheerfulness to its aspect; the north front, 
perhaps, appears more sombre and majestic, while the 
south exhibits greater taste and elegance. The centre of 
the north front is ornamented by a portico of four columns 
with an entablature, but without a pediment. On 
the entablature, over the columns, are figures representing 
the four quarters of the world, executed in a particularly 
chaste and elegant style, by Joseph Banks, Esq., R. A. ; 
the windows in the north front are decorated with 
architraves of Portland stone, and in the recesses at each 
end, between the columns, are doors leading to the apart- 
ments of the chief Commissioners and other persons who 
reside here. 

The east front is composed of the pavilions of the two 
principal fronts, connected by handsome archways, leading 
to the court-yards witlun the building, with a central 
building about 90 feet in length ; this centre consists of a 

» Arrure-corps arc the receding parts of an elevation, or those be- 
tween projecting pavilions, &c. 



312 THE CUSTOM BOlfS . 

beautiful rusticated arcade, ou the top of which is a ba- 
lustrade. The arches of this front are at present built up 
to form a temporary dry store. 

The west front is two stories in height, the lower one, 
originally like the centre of the east front, has also been 
built up for convenience of storage, but even its pre- 
sent state does not injure the tout ensemble. 

The principal entrances, beneath the porticos on both 
sides, are approached by a flight of steps, and conduct to 
spacious halls. The hall belonging to the south entrance 
is an octagonal vestibule below the cupola, and the hall 
attached to the north entrance is very spacious, and orna- 
mented with columns of Portland stone. 

The grand staircase, winch leads to the north side of 
the building, has always been considered a most re- 
markable proof of the ingenuity of the architect who 
conducted the erection of this building, as uniting good 
taste, originality of conception, and grandeur of design. 
A flight of steps, fastened id the wall, conducts on either 
side to a landing place ; from the centre of which landing, 
rises the return flight communicating with the landing 
above, and apparently without any support whatever. 
This is done by making the steps rest on each other in 
arched joints, thus forming a semi-eliptical arch from one 
landing to the other. 

The offices in this building are very numerous and 
very commodious, and scarcely an alteration has been 
made since its opening. The Board-room, in which the 
two Boards of Custom and Excise sit, is in the centre of 
the north front, lighted by three circular-headed windows 
with plate-glass. On this side of the building, Lord 
Castle-Coote and Mr. Hawthorne have splendid apart- 
ments. The Commissioners Court is also a very elegant 



-~- 



CUSTOM-HOUSE DOCKS. 313 

room, decorated with columns. The only office worth the 
attention of a visiter is the Long-room, which, as it mea- 
sures 70 feet by 65, is nearly a square, although it 
has been always denominated the Long-room. A range 
of Composite columns, 12 feet distant from the wall, sup- 
port an arched ceiling, lighted by two circular lanterns, 
ornamented with stucco-work ; besides which, there are 
Dioclesian windows above the entablature. The space 
between the wall and the columns is enclosed by a range 
of counters the entire way round, behind which different 
clerks are placed to transact business. In this room all 
forfeited goods are sold, and here the sales by inch of candle 
are conducted. The architect of this truly magnificent pile 
was James Gandon, Esq. of whose professional taste and 
ability this structure will be a lasting memorial, for it is 
decidedly one of the finest pieces of architecture in 
Europe. The estimate for the erection of the Custom 
House laid before the House of Commons, was 163,363/. ; 
but from unavoidable circumstances, it afterwards 
amounted to 260,000/. 



CUSTOM-HOUSE DOCKS. 

To the east of the Custom House is a wet dock 400 
feet in length by 200 in breadth, faced with lime stone, 
aud of depth sufficient to float any vessel that can enter 
the river. About twelve years since, the Spitfire, a 
twenty-gun ship, which was driven up the river by the 
severity of the weather, took shelter here. This dock, 
which communicates with the river, and is kept of 
sufficient depth to float large vessels, by means of a 
sea-lock, was opened in 1796, and cost about 80,000/. 






314 custom-house docks. 

which, added to different items for furnishing the interior, 
makes the total expense of opening the Custom-house and 
dock, &c. above 300,000/. 

A range of stores was carried round this dock, which 
the increase of commerce, during the French war, ren- 
dered it expedient to remove, for the purpose of 
excavating new docks, and building more extensive 
storage. — The first store to the east is for general 
merchandize, and is 500 feet in length by 112 in 
breadth ; to the east of this store is the new basin, 330 
feet by 250, faced with lime stone, and communicating 
with the river by a sea-lock. A dock of still greater 
dimensions, 650 feet by 300, to the north of tins, will 
shortly be completed. To the east of the new basin is 
the tobacco store (500 feet by 160, and capable of con- 
taining 3,000 hogsheads), the plan of which was given 
by John Rennie, Esq. In the tobacco store, which is 
now completed and in use, there is not one particle of 
wood or other combustible matter. There are nine 
vaults beneath, which altogether afford perfect and con- 
venient storage for 4,500 pipes of wine, allowing a walk 
behind the heads of the pipes as well as between them ; 
these vaults are lighted by means of thick lenses set in 
iron plates in the floor of the tobacco store ; but this is 
by no means sufficient to supersede the necessity of 
candle light. The interior of the tobacco store is ex- 
tremely curious and interesting : the roof is supported by 
metal frame work of an exceedingly ingenious construc- 
tion, and, at intervals, long lanterns are inserted, the 
sashes of which are also metal ; the entire frame work is 
supported by three rows of cylindrical metal pillars, 26 
in each row ; these rest upon others of granite, which 
are continued through the stone floor into the vaults 



THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 315 

beneath. All this iron work, so inimitably executed, was 
manufactured at the Butterley-foundry in Derbyshire. — 
The only inconvenience at present felt in this store is the 
excessive heat, which, in all probability, can be remedied 
by a proper system of ventilation. 

Immediately adjoining the tobacco store is an extensive 
yard for bonding timber, which is of great advantage to 
the timber merchants ; and, at a short distance to the 
east, a very extensive store for whiskey is erecting by the 
Board of Excise, consisting of two stories of long arches 
of brick work, with openings in the top to admit 
light. 

The management of all matters connected with the 
imports and exports of Ireland, is intrusted to seven 
Commissioners appointed by his Majesty ; and against 
their decision a right of appeal is open to the Lords of 
the Treasury of the United Kingdom. They are deno- 
minated the Commissioners of Customs and Port duties. 

The Board of Excise holds its meetings in the same 
apartment, and consists of the same number ; the peculiar 
employment of this Board consists in the regulation and 
collection of Inland excise and taxes. 



THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 

The Royal Exchange is situated on Cork-hill, near the 
Castle gate, almost the highest ground in the city, and 
has in front the longest avenue in Dublin, comprising 
Parliament-street, Essex-bridge, Capel-street, and Bolton- 
street. At whatever side this building is approached, it 
challenges the architectural critic, and pleases the eye of 



>»"*- 



310 THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 

every spectator. The view prefixed to this article, bond 
taken from the corner of Exchange-street, shows the whole 
length of Dame-street, terminated by the College. This 
is the most advantageous view that can be obtained, 
for, owing to the narrowness of the street, not above 
half the building can be seen from Parliament-street. 

In 1769, premiums were offered for the best design, 
when that of Mr. Thomas Cooley, an English architect, 
hitherto unknown in Dublin, was preferred, and to him 
was accordingly adjudged the first premium of 100 
guineas ; while Mr. Thomas Sandby obtained the second 
of 60 guineas ; and Mr. James Gandon was rewarded 
with 30 guineas. 

The building this magnificent structure was not only 
a very great ornament to the city, but an immediate 
benefit to the neighbourhood, for the site on which it 
stands was occupied by the old Exchange, Lord Cork's 
house, afterwards Lucas's coffee-house, and many mean 
shops, so that one of the greatest thoroughfares in the 
city was thus rendered both inconvenient and dangerous. 
The Earl of Northumberland, then Lord Lieutenant, 
gave considerable assistance to the merchants in raising 
funds for purchasing ground and erecting an Exchange. 
Parliament granted 13,000/., the merchants subscribed 
liberally, and by a successful defence made by Dr. Lucas 
in parliament, in behalf of the merchants of Dublin, 
a large fund was saved and added to the collections 
for the building of the New Exchange, in addition to 
which, was raised a considerable sum by lottery schemes. 
On the 2nd of August, 1769, the first stone was 
laid by Lord Townscnd, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and, 
in ten years from that date, the Exchange was opened 
for the transaction of business. 



THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 317 

The edifice is a square of 100 feet, crowned by a dome 
in the centre, and has three fronts, all of Portland stone. 
The north or principal front has a portico of six 
Corinthian columns, (those at the extremities coupled,) 
the entablature of -which is continued along the three 
fronts, all of which are decorated with Corinthian 
pilasters, festoons, &c. between the capitals. The top 
of the building- is crowned by a balustrade, except where 
it is interrupted by the pediment on the north side ; and 
above this, the summit of the dome is visible, but having 
no tambour it is too low to be distinctly seen. As the 
building is situated on an exceedingly steep hill, the ap- 
proaches are somewhat interrupted ; that to the great 
front is at the western end, where the terrace in front 
is the level of the street ; but the other end of this plat- 
form, or terrace, is blocked up by a high wall, surmounted 
by heavy iron railing of enormous height, greatly dis- 
figuring the front of this light and elegant structure. 

This was not part of the original design, but in conse- 
quence of the sudden ascent of the ground, the arcliitcct 
continued the terrace, which was accessible at the east by 
a long and wide flight of steps, the west end being level 
with the street; the terrace was protected by a metal 
balustrade resting on rustic work. But on the 24th of 
April, 1814, an enormous crowd having assembled on this 
platform terrace, to witness the whipping of a criminal, 
the balustrade yielded to the enormous pressure, and 
numbers were precipitated into the street. The principal 
sufferers were those who stood below, some of whom 
were killed upon the spot, and many dreadfully bruised. 
A view of the Exchange, with the original balustrade 
in front, may be seen in Malton's Views of Dublin. Be- 
neath the colonnade arc three large iron gates suspended 



31S THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 

on Ionic pilasters ; these lead into a flagged hall, where UN 
the entrances to the Exchange-hall. Over the gates ami 
between the pillars are windows ornamented by arelii- 
traves, lighting the coffee-room. On either side of the 
portico are two corresponding windows resting upon a 
rich fluted impost or facia, that serves as a cornice to 
the ground floor, which is rusticated and imperforated by 
any aperture, a circumstance that gives a peculiar and 
appropriate character to this structure, while it adds 
greatly to its strength. 

The western elevation does not differ much from that 
•on the north, except that the portico has only four 
columns and no pediment ; and that there is only one 
window on each side, in the inter-pilaster adjoining the 
portico, the other being without any aperture whatever. 
The east front, which is in Exchange-court, has only 
pilasters : on this side are the entrances to the vaults 
of the Exchange, which are dry and extensive, and are 
generally let to the Commissioners of Customs, who 
frequently want more storage than the ^buildings at- 
tached to the Custom-house afford. 

The ingenuity of Mr. Cooley is no where more con- 
spicuous than in his design of the interior of the Ex- 
change, the ground plan may be perfectly represented by 
the idea of a circle inscribed in a square, but the beauty 
and elegance of the effect produced, cannot be so readily 
represented by description. 

Twelve fluted columns of the Corinthian order, 
32 feet high, form a rotunda in the centre of the 
building. Above their entablature, which is liighly en- 
riched, is an attic 10 feet high, with as many circular 
windows, answering to the inter-columns below, and 
connected with pendent festoons of laurel in rich stucco 



1 



THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 319 

work, and from tliis rises an elegantly proportioned 
dome, ornamented with hexagonal caissons. This is 
deservedly considered a chef d'oenvre hi the art of stucco 
plastering, and was executed by the late Alderman 
Thorpe of this city. In the centre of the crown is a 
large circular sky-light, which, with the assistance of the 
different windows so judiciously dispersed around the 
hall, affords a profusion of light. 

The inter-columns are open below to the ambulatory 
encompassing the circular area in the centre of the build- 
ing, so that the ground-plan of the whole is a circle de- 
scribed within a square. Ionic impost pilasters, about 
half the height of the columns to which they are attached, 
support a fluted frieze and enriched cornice, above which, 
in the upper spaces of the inter-columns, are pannels 
and other ornaments. The ambulatory is much lower 
than the rotunda, being covered with a flat ceiling, the 
height of the impost pilasters, with enriched soffits, ex- 
tended from these pilasters to others opposite to them 
against the wall. Between the pilasters are blank arcades 
with seats. 

Between two of the columns, immediately opposite the 
north or principal entrance, is a statue in bronze of his 
late Majesty, George III., standing on a pedestal of 
white marble, dressed in a Roman military habit, and 
holding a truncheon in his right hand. This statue, the 
workmanship of the famous artist, Van Nost, was a gift 
of his Excellency the Earl of Northumberland (then 
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland) to the merchants of this 
city, for the express purpose of being erected in the 
Royal Exchange of Dublin, and for which his Lordship 
gave Van Nost seven hundred guineas. Over the statue 
of his late Majesty, in one of the pannels beneath the 



320 THE ROYAL EKCHANC 

entablature, is a handsome clock. Behiiul thr lour 
columns, which are opposite the four angles of the ex- 
terior wall of the building, desks are placed, in the small 
angular recesses formed at the meeting of the tangents 
to the circular hall ; these are not only convenient to the 
merchants, but contribute to square the exterior ambu- 
latory, and preserve an equal breadth the entire length 
of the walk, at every side. 

Both the circular hall and ambulatory are paved 
with square flags, alternately black and white, and gra- 
dually diminishing in breadth to the centre of the circle. 
The ambulatories are lighted by the doors of the north, 
east, and west sides, which are half glazed. At the 
eastern and western ends of the north front, are handsome 
oval geometrical staircases, with ornamented ballus- 
trades, lighted by lanterns inserted in a coved ceiling, 
the lanterns being the precise diameter of the central well 
of the staircase. On the stairs, in the north-western 
angle, is a beautifully executed statue of Dr. Lucas, a 
member of parliament for the city of Dublin, and to whom 
the merchants of this city are much indebted, executed 
by Mr. Edward Smyth, a pupil of Van Nost, and erected 
at the public expense: he holds in his right hand a 
copy of Magna Charta, and is dressed in his senato- 
rial robes ; on the pedestal is a bas-relief of Liberty, with 
her wand and cap. Van Nost and his pupil were em- 
ployed by the trustees to execute models in wood of the 
intended figure, which were accordingly submitted at the 
appointed time for their inspection ; but the model of 
the master being considered on too large a scale, Smyth's 
was on the point of being chosen, when Van Nost 
begged a postponement of the choice for a short period 
longer. In the interval he cut his model in two, and 



THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 321 

omitted part of the centre, and thus presented it a second 
time for judgment ; but this alteration had 50 cheated 
every other part of the figure of its fair proportions, 
that Smyth's model was immediately chosen, and the 
copy completely justifies the selection of the original. 

This staircase leads to the Coffee-room, the Court of 
Bankrupt Commissioners, &e. The Coffee-room is im- 
mediately over the entrance on the north, and the other 
apartments are over the ambulatories. 

The ceilings of those staircases are richly decorated with 
stucco-work ; in some of the compartments are casts of 
several figures found in the ruins of Hercidaneum, which 
being laid on coloured grounds are distinctly seen. 

The Trustees of the Royal Exchange are, the Lord 
Mayor, High Sheriffs, City Representatives, and City 
Treasurer, all ex officio; together with fourteen mer- 
chants. — There are only two officers attached to this es- 
tablishment, viz. the Secretary or Registrar, and the 
coffee-room keeper. 

The increase of mercantile business has called for addi- 
tional accommodation for the brokers, &c. employed in 
conducting business ; in consequence of which, the Com- 
mercial Buildings have been erected in Dame-street, to sup- 
ply the want of a sufficient number of offices in the Ex- 
change ; although, perhaps, either building is sufficiently 
extensive and commodious for an Exchange, if the matter 
was seriously considered by mercantile men. 



322 CORN EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. 



CORN EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. 

The corn merchants of Dublin being much incon- 
venienced, by not having any well situated market to ex- 
pose their grain for sale, associated for the purpose of pro- 
viding themselves with one in the most advantageous 
manner, and also for the convenience of commercial inter- 
course and dealing. 

The following highly respectable corn-merchants, com- 
posing the committee, petitioned and obtained a Charter 
of Incorporation during the government of Earl Whit- 
worth, in 1S15. Leland Crosthwaite, James Conolly, 
J. Todhunter, R. Armstrong, A. Guiness, W. C. Colville, 
G. Russell, R. Pim, J. M'Call, T. Maxwell, W. P. Lu- 
nell, R. Shaw, I. Stewart, J. Hone, and W. Robinson, all 
of the city of Dublin. 

The corporate name of the company is, " The Corn 
Exchange Buildings' Company :" their funds were at 
first chiefly derived from subscriptions of 50/. each, by the 
members of the association, and leave is given in the 
Charter to increase capital stock to 15,000/. : but a ge- 
neral assembly may augment stock to double that sum, 
on certain conditions therein recited. (See Charter and 
Bye Laws, published by William Goddard, Esq. Law 
Agent to the Company.) 

The business of the company is managed by a com- 
mittee of 15 directors, who meet in a room in the Corn 
Exchange Buildings, 

This edifice presents a handsome front of mountain 
granite to Burgh Quay, consisting of two stories : in the 
lower, which is ornamented with rustic work, are two 
door ways, of an height quite disproportioned to that of 



CORN EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. 323 

the building itself, ornamented by pillars of Portland 
stone. The second story is decorated by five large 
windows with architraves and pediments which are alter- 
nately circular and angular, and along the summit is a rich 
cornice. The south front, which is presented to Poolbeg- 
street, is entirely of brick. 

The interior is a large hall 130 feet in length, extending 
from Burgh Quay to Poolbeg-street ; the centre of which 
is divided from the ambulatories on either side by a range 
of metal pillars, above which is an entablature continued 
around the centre hall ; this forms the pedestal to a range 
of windows which are continued uninterruptedly round, 
so as to form a lantern the size of the quadrangular space 
below. The ceiling of the lantern is ornamented by stucco- 
work, and in the south end of it is placed a clock en- 
circled by oak leaves, sheaves of corn and implements of 
husbandry, all in stucco-work. 

The hall and ambulatories are furnished with tables 
surrounded by ledge boards, to lay corn samples upon on 
market days ; from the letting of those tables, and the 
rent of a large room in the front of the building, for 
public dinners and assemblies, the interest of the shares is 
paid. 

The total expense of completing this building is 
estimated at 22,000/. aryl is to be defrayed by a toll of 
2s. 6d. per ton on merchandize imported into Dublin. The 
design was not given by any particular person, but was 
composed from different elevations ; the stone- work was 
executed by Baker and Macartney, and the masonry and 
stucco by Williams and Orr. The whole was executed 
by contract, and Mr. Halpen, of the Ballast Office, super- 
intended its erection. 

y 2 



)24 THE COMMERCIAL BUILD 



Cije Commercial ttuinrtngs* 



The business transacted in the Exchange being so 
circumscribed, merely the purchase of bills on London, 
it is opened only on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 
from three to four in the afternoon. A stranger visiting 
the Exchange at any other hour, or on any other day, 
would naturally inquire what that noble edifice was em- 
ployed for, or whether there was commercial business in 
Dublin to require so splendid an Exchange. However, 
from some ill-fated regulations, long after the opening of 
the Royal Exchange, on Cork-hill, the merchants as- 
sembled hi vast numbers, in Hampton-court, opposite 
Palace-street, to exhibit samples, and transact other 
parts of business. 

This system called loudly for reform in a civilized and 
extensive city, and the merchants determined, in a 
spirited manner, to relieve themselves ; accordingly a 
subscription was raised, principally on 50/. debentures, 
amounting to 20,000/. ; besides this, 13,000/. was raised as 
a loan guaranteed by government; and 5,000/. was 
raised by the sale of grounds. After this fund was col- 
lected, the site of the old Post-office, and one end of 
Crown-alley, were purchased by the trustees to erect the 
Commercial Buildings, the first stone of winch was laid 
July 29th, l?9fi ; and the building was finished, after a 
design of Mr. Parks, in 1799. 

The front of this building, which is on the north side 
of College Green, in the centre of an extremely elegant 
row of lofty houses, is of mountain-granite, throe stories 
high: a rusticated basement, in which is the door-way. 



THE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. 325 

with Ionic pillars, and six large circular-headed windows, 
supports two stones, with windows ornamented with 
architraves ; those of the first floor are crowned by pe- 
diments, alternately circular and angular, and the summit 
of the front is finished by a handsome cornice of cut 
stone. 

The hall, which is very spacious and lofty, is pecu- 
liarly appropriate to the objects of this building ; on the 
right-hand side is an Assurance and Notary-Public's Office, 
and on the opposite the Coffee-room ; this, which is a 
noble room measuring 60 feet by 32, is well supplied with 
domestic and foreign papers, tables of imports and exports, 
and every species of mercantile advertisement ; indeed, 
the convenience and advantage of this apartment has 
caused a total desertion of the Exchange coffee-room 
Notwithstanding its great length, it is amply supplied 
with light, having three large windows at either end. 

The middle story contains several elegant apartments ; 
one in the front of the building is a private subscription- 
room, belonging to the merchants ; behind this, and over 
one end of the coffee-room, is a large room used for a 
Stock Exchange, where business is transacted every day 
between three and four o'clock in the afternoon. The 
remaining part of this story and all the upper one are 
appropriated as an hotel, for the accommodation of 
foreign merchants, or indeed of any respectable persons 
who prefer this part of the town for a temporary 
residence. 

To the rear of this building is a handsome square, con- 
taining the offices of the Marine and Commercial In- 
surance, with those of many brokers ; here also, in fine 
weather, the merchants congregate to buy and sell and 
exhibit samples. At the north side of this square is a 



326 



CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 



door-way communicating with Cope-street, and affording 
a thoroughfare from Dame-street to the back streets near 
the river. 



CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 

About thirty years since a Chamber of Commerce 
was first established in this city, whose principal object 
was to protect its commercial interests; at their in- 
tercession the fees usually paid to clerks and porters, 
&c. on the quays were commuted for a regular per- 
centage on all merchandize entered. This was attended 
with great inconvenience where much expedition was 
required, for as the officer had no stimulus to extraor- 
dinary exertion, every person had to wait for Ins turn. — 
This Chamber, after an existence of several years, discon- 
tinued its meetings. 

On the 16th of November, 1820, a general meeting of 
merchants was held in the Commercial Buildings for the 
purpose of forming themselves into an association to be 
called " The Chamber of Commerce of the City of Dublin." 
— The professed objects of this association are the protec- 
tion and promotion of the manufacturing and commercial 
interests of the city in particular, and of the kingdom in 
general. — Members were at first admitted upon payment 
of one guinea admission fee, and a subscription of 
another annually ; but now all persons applying for admis- 
sion are to be admitted by ballot. 

An annual general assembly is held on the first Tues- 
day of December in each year for the purpose of electing 
officers : the principal of which are a president, four vice- 



savings' bank. 327 

presidents, and a council of twenty-four. These repre- 
sentatives, whenever it may be required, are to hold inter- 
course with the officers of the Crown, in the name and on 
the behalf of the chamber. 

The president this year (1821) is Joshua Pirn, Esq. 

The vice-presidents are, John Lindsay, Leland 
Crosthwaite, and James Conolly, Esqrs. The office is in 
the Commercial Buildings. — For further information, see 
Laws and Regulations of this Association ; printed by 
Bentham, of Eustace-street, Dublin, 1821. 



SAVINGS' BANK. 

St. Peter's Parish Savings' Bank was established at a 
meeting of the parishioners, held February 16th, 1818, 
the Rev. James Saurin, Archdeacon of Dublin, in the 
chair. The object of this bank is to preserve safely, 
and lay out advantageously, the small savings of the in- 
dustrious poor. Deposits are received, of not less than 
ten pence, and accumulate with compound interest; 
but no computation of interest is made upon any sum 
less than 12*. 6d., after which amount, the deposits bear 
4 per cent, per ann. The Savings' Bank debentures bear 
4/. lis. 3d. per cent., but the 11*. 3d. goes to pay the ex- 
penses of the institution ; there are various regulations in 
the act unnecessary to mention here : it is sufficient to 
shew the general principles, and also the great utility of the 
establishment. In the space of two years and a half there 
has been received from depositors the sum of 45,000/., and, 
after repayments, there remains (June 28th, 1821,) the 
sum of 23,000/. A depositor can draw his money, by 
giving one week's notice. The bank is kept at No. 10, 



^ 



32$ GAS LIGHT COMPANY. 

CufTe-strcet, and is open every Monday, from three to 
live o'clock. Th.) deposits are daily increasing, and on 
Monday, the 25th June, 1821, 1,138/. was received in the 
short space of two hours. The bank is governed by a 
president, (the Lord Chancellor,) eight vice-presidents, 
twelve trustees, and a managing committee of fifty-two 
gentlemen ; and the business is transacted by two of the 
members of the managing committee, chosen alphabe- 
tically, together with the treasurer, who of course do not 
reserve salaries. There is a small pamphlet, published by 
Jones, in Great George's-street, containing all the regu- 
lations of this excellent institution, and the names of the 
original committee, who so warmly seconded the views 
of Dr. Saurin, in establishing it. 



GAS LIGHT COMPANY. 

In 1820, an act was passed for lighting the city of 
Dublin with Gas, and twenty-nine commissioners, or 
proprietors, (at the head of whom is his Grace the 
Duke of Leinster,) were appointed, who have permission 
to conduct the lighting of the city, under certain re- 
restrictions. It is in the first place required that 50,000/. 
shall be subscribed, before the act be executed, and in 
case that sum be insuilicient, a further sum of 12,500/. 
may be raised. It is further strictly enjoined that the 
gasometer be erected hi a suitable place, and the refuse 
not permitted to run into the river Liffcy. The pro- 
visions of the act enable the commissioners to procure 
a supply of gas, for illuminating the streets and squares, 
at a reasonable charge, whenever they require it. As 
soon as the sum of ten thousand pounds shall be ac- 



THE LINEN AND YARN HALL. 329 

cumulated, by savings set apart at the rate of five per 
cent, per ann. arising from the profits, a dividend shall be 
made of the profits, and not before. 

The company are at present actively employed in 
laying - pipes in all the public streets, and there can be no 
doubt whatever, that the introduction of Gas Light will 
be In various ways beneficial to shop-keepers. 

The affairs of the company are conducted by a go- 
vernor, deputy governor, five directors, a treasurer and 
clerk. The office is situated in Foster-place, College- 
green. 



THE LINEN AND YARN HALL 

Of Dublin, was first erected in the year 1728, and has 
continued to extend from that period to the present day. 
The building occupies a space of ground of nearly three 
acres, and contains 557 apartments; of this number 4-92 
are appropriated to the storage of linens and the remainder 
for yarn. These apartments are kept in order by the 
Linen Board, out of the funds intrusted to their care by 
parliament, for the use of the trade ; and the several dealers 
in the country forward their linens to tliis building as 
suits their convenience. When the building was first 
erected, three markets were appointed to be held in the 
year, namely, one in February, one in June, and one in 
October; but, since the increase of the trade, and the great 
facility afforded in travelling, the English buyers resort 
hither at various other periods. In this establishment 
maybe purchased linen of every description, from the finest 
damask, and linens to the coarsest fabricks ; thus fur- 
nishing a great and constant mart for the trade of the 



fa —Hi— J r 



330 THE LINEN AND YARN HALL. 

United Kingdom. The Yarn Hall is the great depot 
for the sale of this article from various counties, which, 
in consequence of the regulations established by the 
board, has become of vast importance to the country. 
All these concerns are under the care of a Chamberlain, 
whose duty it is to superintend them, and report when 
any vacancy occurs in any of the rooms, (which are 
granted by the board during pleasure to the different 
factors,) and to check any impropriety on the part of 
the servants of the establishment. Regular gate-keepers 
and watchmen are attached to the hall, and a fire-engine 
with a suitable establishment, and the greatest care is 
observed to prevent any accident either by fire or stealth. 
An account is kept of all Linen and Yarn coming in and 
going out of the building, and the greatest regularity 
observed in every department. This valuable mart of 
our great staple manufacture is well worthy of the in- 
spection of the public. 

Before this building was erected, the linen factors 
met in a garret in the Castle, with which they were ac- 
commodated, in consequence of their tenement on Cork- 
hill being insufficient for their purposes ; and their 
affairs were conducted by trustees appointed in 1711. 
Their trade still increasing, they petitioned for a " larger 
garret" in reply to which they received the grant for 
the erecting of the present Linen Hall. The woollen, 
silk, and cotton manufactories, are not reduced under 
the controul of bodies corporate, and therefore do not 
afford an opportunity of being treated of hi a work of 
a public nature. 



STOVE TENTER-HOUSE. 331 

STOVE TENTER-HOUSE. 

What one great and good man can effect, towards 
ameliorating the condition of his fellow creatures, is 
strikingly proved by the following sketch of the Stove 
Tenter-house, in Brown-street, in the Earl of Meath's 
liberty, erected by Thomas Pleasants, Esq. in 1815, at an 
expense of 12,964 I. \2s. lOd. exclusive of the solicitor's 
bill of cost. In the space of twelve months 1018 pieces 
of cloth were tentered, 1588 chains or warps were 
sized and dried, and 1450 stones of wool were dyed, 
beneath the shelter of this truly charitable asylum. 

Before the erection of this building, the poor weavers 
in the liberty were wholly destitute of employment in 
rainy weather, or else endeavoured to tenter their cloths 
before the ale-house fire ; the natural consequence of this 
wretched state was an inducement to drink, conse- 
quently to run in debt, and ultimately be removed to the 
Debtors'-prison. The jails were crowded with persons 
of this description, and the hospitals filled with others 
labouring under disease of mind and body, resulting from 
the pressure of want. 

After the building of the Tenter-house, during the 
season of extreme and general distress, in 1816, not one 
woollen weaver was found imploring relief, or within the 
walls of a prison ; need we wonder then at the extra- 
vagant blessings and prayers bestowed by thirty thou- 
sand persons on one of the noblest characters, in 
point of pure beneficence and patriotism, that ever 
adorned this country. The stranger will learn with 
gladness, that Mr. Pleasants lived to witness the matured 
success of this truly-benevolent design. 

The building, which is situated between Cork-street 






332 STOVE TENTER-HOUSE. 

and Brown-street, a little to the east of the Fever Hos- 
pital, is a brick edifice 275 feet in length, and three stories 
high. In the centre is a cupola and spire, and at either 
extremity a pavilion, in the pediment of which are the 
weavers' arms, carved in stone, with this motto " Re e 
mer-ito.'' The lowest story contains the stoves by which 
the horizontal flues, the length of the entire building, are 
heated ; the upper ones contain the tenter frames, which 
are capable of being expanded or contracted, so as to 
stretch the cloth to any degree of tension. The heat 
ascends without interruption to the very roof, the floors of 
the upper stories being composed of bars of hammered 
iron, placed parallel, and at intervals from each other, and 
the cloth is conveyed away upon a small dray, running 
on the parallel bars as on a rail-way. 

The prices for the drying of cloth and chains are posted 
up in the galleries ; for every piece of cloth dried in the 
winter months 3s. 4,d. ; and for other articles, prices in 
proportion ; this charge is diminished in summer, when 
lire is not required, as it is intended merely to defray the 
expense of fuel, and keep the house in repair. 

In the front lawn is a spa, rising at a depth of 40 feet 
from the surface, through a bituminous lime-stone which 
abounds in this part of the city ; it has been analyzed by 
Dr. Barker, Professor of Chemistry in the University of 
Dublin, and recommended for the cure of cutaneous and 
bilious complaints. 

At the gate-lodge is a book for the registry of the 
names of those who are disposed to express their admiration 
of this patriotic example, and amongst them may be seen 
marked expressions of heartfelt satisfaction, in the hand- 
writing of Lords O'Neil, Sandon, Manners, and several 
others. 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 333 



Sulmatnljam Stetofi* 

We find, that before the year 606 there was a priory, 
on the south side of the city, not far from the Liffey, 
called the Priory of Kilmaignend, from St. Magnend, who 
had been prior in that year, and whose festival was ob- 
served the 18th December. Within the cemetery of tins 
priory, in a place now called the Hospital Fields, a lofty 
stone pillar of rude workmanship is pointed out as the 
burying-place of Brian Boroimhe, King of Ireland, and 
Murchad his son, who fell in the battle of Clontarf in 
1014 ; but this is quite erroneous, for the bodies of Brian 
and his son were borne from the field of battle to the 
monastery of St. Columba at Swords, seven miles north 
of Dublin, and were there laid in state, until Moelmurry 
Mac Eoch, Primate of Armagh, arrived with the sacred 
reliques, and removed them to the Cathedral of Armagh, 
where they were solemnly interred in stone coffins, ac- 
cording to the request of King Brian himself. The 
pillar which is shown is the remains of an ancient cross. 



ftoyal hospital, &iimaml)am* 

On the site of Kilmaignend was erected the ancient 
priory of Kilmainham, established in 1174, by Richard 
Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke or Strigul, for Knights 
Templars, under the invocation of St. John the Baplisi. 
and a confirmation was granted by Henry II. the sam< 



3:34 ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILM AINI1AM. 

year. These Knights, who were exempt from all ordi- 
nary jurisdiction, were of the order of St. John of Jeru- 
salem; and this priory was not only an alms-house, but 
also an hospital for the sick. After bestowing the lands 
of Kilmainham on this priory, Strongbow expired in 
1176, and was interred in Christ Church. 

The first prior was Hugh de Cloghall, who held that 
office about 1190, after whose government King John 
granted to the City of Dublin, that " the Knights 
Templars, or Hospitallers, should hold neither person or 
messuage exempt from the common customs of the 
city, one alone excepted." 

Edward II. sent a mandate to John Wogan, Jus- 
ticiary of Ireland, accompanied by a copy of the order 
made for the suppression of the Knights Templars in 
England, enjoining him to have the same executed in 
Ireland before the rumour should have reached that 
country ; accordingly, in 1307, on the day of the Purifi- 
cation, the Templars were seized upon in every part of 
the kingdom, and confined in the Castle of Dublin. 
The institution of the order of Knights Templars was 
peculiarly calculated to suit the romantic and chivalrous 
age in which it arose, viz. about 1118, and so powerful was 
its influence, that, during the 200 years which tliis 
order existed, it had actually acquired 16,000 lordships. 
However, the extravagant bearing and unchristian-like 
conduct of the Knights afforded ample grounds to that ava- 
ricious and designing prince, Philip of France, to impeach 
their reputation ; and upon charges of sorcery, idolatry, 
and other dreadful crimes, their estates were confiscated, 
and their persons cast into prison. Edward II. followed 
«the example of his Royal neighbour ; and after a solemn 
trial held in Dublin, before Friar Richard Balybyn, 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 335 

Minister of the Order of Dominicians, the Templars were 
condemned, but more in conformity with the general 
feeling of the rest of Europe, than from any evidence of 
their infamy. 

The lands and possessions of this priory were then 
bestowed upon the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem by 
the Pope, and the grant confirmed by the King ; and it 
became an hospital for guests and strangers, to the com- 
plete exclusion of the infirm and sick, who had been 
always received by the Knights Templars. The priory 
was henceforth held by persons of great rank, and many 
priors were also Chancellors and Lords Deputy of 
Ireland, and every prior sat as a Baron in the House of 
Lords. In 1447, Thomas Fitz Gerald, grandson of 
Thomas, Earl of Kildare, then prior, being in London, 
accused James, Earl of Ormond, of high treason, and 
a combat was appointed to be fought between them, in a 
chivalrous manner, in Smithfield ; but the King inter- 
rupted the combat, and prevented bloodshed. 

James Keating, who was prior in 1482, having exhibited 
an extremely turbulent disposition, in seizing on the 
Castle of Dublin with armed men, breaking down the 
bridge over the Liflfey, and disposing of the property of 
the hospital, was removed from the office, and excommu- 
nicated ; and Marmaduke Lomley, an Englishman, of a 
noble family, appointed to succeed him. But Lomley, 
landing at Clontarf, was seized by Keating, and com- 
pelled to resign his letters of appointment, on which he 
retired into the county of Lowth, where he is supposed to 
have died of a broken heart. The impetuosity of Keating, 
hurried him on to the most flagrant violences, and he 
next lent his warmest support to the scheme of raising 
Lambert Stinnett to the throne of England. It was then 



230 ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 

enacted that the prior of Kilmainham should henceforth 
be a person of English descent ; and John Rawson, an 
Englishman, was elected prior, some years after Keat- 
ing's excommunication. Aided by the priors of the 
Holy Trinity and All-saints, during the Christmas festival 
of J 528, Rawson entertained the Lord Deputy, Piers 
Butler, Earl of Ossory, with two plays, the one repre- 
senting the Passion of our Saviour, the other the different 
deaths of the apostles; and on the same stage, which 
was erected in Hoggins, now College-green, th 
corporations of the city exhibited a new play every- 
day. 

In 1535, William Skeffington, the Lord Deputy, ex- 
pired in this hospital, which had been used several years 
previous to its fall, for the summer residence of the 
Lord Deputy. In the same year, Rawson, with the con- 
sent of the chapter, surrendered the priory and all its 
possessions to the King, for which he was created Vis- 
count Clontarf, with a salary of 500 marks out of the 
hospital estate. 

George Brown, Archbishop of Dublin, obtained a 
license from Henry VIII. March 8th, 1545, the year 
before that Monarch's death, to unite the church of 
St. John the Baptist, at Kilmainham, and that of St, 
James without the suburbs, to the church of St. Catha- 
rine within the suburbs. But Cardinal Pole, the Pope's 
legate, restored the prior of Kilmainham to his autho- 
rity about twelve years afterwards; and March 8, 155?, 
Mary confirmed him in his possessions, and regrantcd the 
priory to Sir Oswald Massingberd, of Massingberd. 
who held the office until the second of Queen Eliza- 
beth, when, by an act of Parliament, it was annexed to 
the crown, and continued so until the rvjign of Charles II. 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILM AINHAM. 337 

Upon the confiscation of the property, and suppression of 
the dignities of the prior by Elizabeth, Sir Oswald se- 
cretly escaped from the kingdom, and died in obscurity. 

After this period, the property of the priory was 
gradually disposed of to private persons, for pecuniary con- 
sideration, and to the cathedral and churches gratuitously. 
About 1675, Arthur, Earl of Granard, Marshal 
General of Ireland, (according to Harris,) first entertained 
the idea of instituting an asylum for the disabled and 
superannuated soldier, the best part of whose life had been 
devoted to the service of his country. Arthur Capel, Earl 
of Essex, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was so much 
struck with the nobleness of the plan, that he directed 
a proper site to be forthwith selected ; nothing- further, 
however, was done during his government Lord Granard, 
says Harris, borrowed his idea from the Hospital of 
Invalids, founded by Louis XIV. ; and the internal ar- 
rangements resemble those of Chelsea, in England. 

On the 24th August, 1677, the Duke of Ormond was 
sworn Lord Lieutenant, and, owing to the incessant ap- 
plication of this patriot on the same subject, Charles II. 
was induced to grant his request. A committee was 
appointed (Oct. 27th, 1679,) to make an estimate of the 
number of invalids that would require accommodation, 
and to inspect the ground within the park wall, on ihe 
south of the river. 

The first stone of the edifice was laid by his Grace, 
April 29th, 1680; and the second by Francis, Earl of 
Longford, Master-general of the Ordnance. It was 
built after a design of Sir Christopher Wren, and was 
completed in less than three years, for 23,559/.* 

In 1638, Richard Talbot, Eari of Tyrconnel, repre- 

• An abstract of the charter may be seen in Harrii. 
7. 



338 ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 

sented to the king (James II.) that the charter was de- 
fective; and Lord Chancellor Fitton declared, that the 
tenure of the hospital and lands, " to be held for ever 
in Frank Almoigne," was illegal, whereupon they sup- 
plicated his Majesty to withdraw the charter. Lord 
Tyrconnel then became absolute master, admitted Roman 
Catholics to the benefits of the hospital, and had the 
service of the church of Rome celebrated in the hospital 
chapel. The charter, however, was preserved by Robert 
Curtis, Esq. Registrar, who escaped with it into England, 
and detained it in his custody, until he surrendered it to 
Charles Fielding the Master, some time after James's 
abdication. 

The building, which is now most commonly called 
the Old Man's Hospital, is a pile 306 feet by 288, 
having in its interior a handsome court-yard, 210 feet 
square, with grass plats, intersected by four walks 
meeting hi the centre ; this is surrounded on three sides 
and part of the fourth by a piazza (13 feet wide) 
formed by 59 Doric arches, and affording a covered 
passage to the dining hall, in the centre of the north 
front. This hall, which is 100 feet by 50, has the lower 
half of its walls wainscotted with oak, and painted white. 
The guns, swords, &c. of the soldiers, are arranged like 
those in a regular armoury, and on the upper part of the 
walls are twenty-two full-length portraits, beginning at 
the west end, next the gallery, with the founder 

1. Charles II. 

2. William III. 

3. Queen Mary. 

4. Queen Anne. 

5. George, Prince of Denmark. 

G. Lionel, Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant, 1734. 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, K1LMAINIIAM. 330 

On the north side, 

7. William, Duke of Devonshire, Lord Lt. 1737. 

8. James, Duke of Ormond, LordLt. 1662. 

9. Thomas, Earl of Ossory, Lord Deputy, 1664. 

10. Richard, Earl of Arran, Lord Deputy, 1684. 

11. Michael Boyle, Lord Primate, Lord Justice, 1685. 

12. Thomas Lord Coningsby, Lord Justice, 1690. 

13. Sir Cysil Wyche, a Lord Justice, 1693. 

14. Sir Charles Porter, Lord Chancellor, a Lord 
Justice, 1696. 

15. Henry, Earl of Galway, a Lord Justice, 1697. 

16. Narcissus Marsh, Lord Primate, a Lord Justice, 
J 699. 

17. Charles, Earl of Berkeley, a Lord Justice, 1699. 

18. Laurence, Earl of Rochester, Lord Lieut. 1701. 

19. General Thomas Erie, a Lord Justice, 1702. 
At the east end, 

20. Thomas Knightly, Esq. a Lord Justice, 1702. 

21. Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor, a Lord Justice, 
1704. 

22. Lieutenant- General Frederick Hamilton, a Lord 
Justice, 1718. 

A gallery leading from the apartments of the com- 
mander of the forces, who resides as governor, to the 
chapel, runs along the south side of the hall, supported 
by brackets of carved oak, representing different 
figures, as large as life. The ceiling is in a very massive 
and heavy style, divided into three compartments, the 
centre of which is occupied by the dial of a clock, about 
10 feet in diameter. 

At the east end is a large door-way opening into the 
chapel, which is 80 feet by 40. The appearance of the 
chapel is extremely imposing and venerable ; the 



340 ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 

large east window is ornamented with painted i 
and beneath is the communion table of carved Irish oak, 
beautifully executed. The ceiling is coved, and divided into 
compartments of, perhaps, the richest stucco work m the 
kingdom. The governor's seat is beneath a canopy in the 
gallery, at the west end of the chapel ; there are a fen 
pews at either side, for the accommodation of the dif- 
ferent officers of the hospital, and forms are placed along 
the aisle for the common soldiers. 

The remaining part of the north side of the quad- 
rangle is occupied by the commander of the forces, and 
usually called the Governor's house. These apartments 
are beautifully situated, commanding a view of an ex- 
tensive and highly-cultivated valley, watered by the 
LifTey, and of the grounds of Phoenix park, with the 
Wellington Testimonial, the Royal Infirmary, and 
Sarah's Bridge. This bridge, the most westerly of those 
in the vicinity of Dublin, consists of an arch, the span 
of which is 104 feet, and the altitude, at low water, 30, 
being 7 wider than the celebrated Rialto at Venice. This 
beautiful structure was named from Sarah, Countess of 
Westmorland, who laid the first stone, June 22, 17 9 J. 

The north front, which contains the governor's apart- 
ments, hall, and chapel, has a projecting centre, deco- 
rated with four Corinthian pilasters and a pediment. In 
this is a door-way, likewise adorned with pilasters and a 
semicircular pediment, and above it are the arms of the 
Duke of Ormond ; on either side is one large arched 
window. From this centre rises the steeple, the 
lower story of which is a square tower with an arched 
window on each side, crowned with a heavy en- 
tablature, and an urn at each angle. The second di- 
vision is of less diameter and height, and contains a 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 341 

clock; the whole terminates in a short spire, with a 
ball and rane. 

The front, on each side of the centre, has large circular- 
headed windows nearly the height of the building, and 
in the roof, which is greatly elevated, are dormers. The 
greatest circumspection is used in the admission of 
persons to view the northern front, for some unknown, 
but, it is to be hoped, prudent reason. There are up- 
wards of 260 pensioners accommodated in this retire- 
ment, who are comfortably clad and fed, and have each 
one pound of bread and two quarts of beer every day, with 
eighteen ounces of mutton twice a week, and the same 
quantity of beef on three days, with an allowance of cheese 
on the other days. Sir David Baird has lately restored 
the costume worn by the invalids in the reign of Charles II. 

At convenient distances round the hospital are different 
offices, viz. the deputy governors house, the infirmary, 
&c. Besides the resident pensioners of this asylum, there 
are upwards of 3,000 out-door pensioners supported by 
his Majesty's bounty. At the institution of the hospital, 
its expenses were defrayed by a deduction from the pay 
of the soldiers and officers on actual service, but this has 
wisely been discontinued. The annual expenditure for 
the support of the establishment, is under 20,000/. and 
that of the externs amounts to about 50,000/. 

The approach to this building was formerly through 
the most disagreeable and filthy part of the town, but 
this was subsequently remedied by a road through the 
hospital grounds and Lord Galway's walk, and is now 
completely so, by the formation of a pleasant drive on 
the banks of the LifTey, called the Military road, the 
entrance to which is through an embattled gateway on 
Usher's Island, erected after a design of Francis 






342 BLUE-COAT BOYS 1 HOSPITAL. 

Johnston, Esq,, an architect to whom Dublin Ei 
indebted for many of its recent structures and embel- 
lishments. 

The principal officers of state are appointed governors by 
charter. The present Master is the Right Hon. Sir David 
Baird, Bart. G. C. B. and K. C; Deputy Master, Major- 
general Lord Aylmer, K. C. B ; who, together with the 
Chaplain, Surgeon, Registrar, &c. reside at the Hospital. 



BLUE-COAT BOYS' HOSPITAL.— BLACKALL- 
STREET. 

The finest charitable institution ever erected in Dublin 
was the Old Blue-Coat Hospital in Queen-street, esta- 
blished at the expense of the corporation of Dublin, to 
whom Charles II. granted a charter for that purpose in 1 G ? 0. 
The original plan was of a most extensive, and, indeed, 
impracticable nature ; its object was to give shelter and 
protection to all the poor of the city and their numerous 
offspring; but tins extravagant project was relinquished 
for one more rational and feasible ; namely, to educate 
and maintain the sons of freemen who had been unsuc- 
cessful in trade. The building, although of mean ap- 
pearance in front, covered a considerable space, and 
previously to the erection of the Parliament-house in 
1729, the Parliament sat in this hospital. 

The present edifice, the foundation stone of which was 
laid in 1773, by Earl Harcourt, then Lord Lieutenant, 
stands opposite the extremity of Blackall-street, on Oxman- 
town* Green. The architect was Thomas Ivory, who also 
built Lord Newcomen's Bank. The front, consisting of a 
centre and wings, is of Portland stone, it extends 300 feet, 
and faces a handsome court enclosed with iron railing on a 

* A corruption of Ostman, or Eastman, town. 



BLUE-COAT BOYS' HOSPITAL,, 343 

dwarf wall. The body of the building, which is 90 feet 
long by 45 in height, consists of a rusticated basement, 
principal floor, and mezzanine; the central division is 
decorated with four Ionic columns, supporting a pediment 
with a plain tympanum. The entablature of the order 
is continued along the front, which has two windows and 
two mezzanines above, on either side of the centre. Above 
the latter a tower was to have been erected, but for want 
of funds this has never been executed, although the octa- 
gonal basement has been actually commenced — " pen- 
dent opera interrupta." 

This part of the building is appropriated solely to the 
use of the resident officers of the establishment, such as 
Chaplain, Registrar, &c. with the exception of a Record 
and a Board Room, the latter of which is an extremely 
elegant apartment. Here may be seen a drawing of the 
elevation as it was designed by the architect; there is an 
excellent engraving also of the intended hospital in 
Malton's Views, and one in those published by Poole and 
Cash in 1780. 

The wings are connected to the body by two curved 
screen walls, ornamented with niches, and surmounted 
by a stone balustrade ; behind these screens the different 
buildings, which are only rough stone plastered, are ex- 
posed to view, as well as the sides of the chapel and school- 
room, which considerably diminishes the merit of this 
very elegant design. 

The wings have a projecting break in the middle, crowned 
with a pediment, and a large arched window placed 
within an arcade ; on either side of this projection is 
a niche with a festoon above. There are no windows in 
the basement, but beneath the great window is a large 
pannel. In the north wing is the chapel, 65 feet by 32, plain 



344 BLUE-COAT BOYS' HOSPITAL. 

but well proportioned, the altar-piece, executed by 
Waldre, represents the Resurrection. In the opposite wing 
is the school-room, where are portraits of George II. and 
his Queen, William and Mary, and some others ; these 
were removed hither from the Tholsel, which building was 
lately taken down. There are several buildings at the rear, 
viz. dormitories, dining-hall, and Infirmary, also a large 
bowling-green, where the boys exercise. Upwards of 
20,000/. has already been expended, and certainly not less 
than 10,000/. more would be requisite to finish the 
building according to the original design. 

The number of boys is between 150 and 200, the age 
for admission is from 8 to 12, and they must previously 
undergo surgical inspection, to prove that they are not 
subject to any personal defect, or infected by any con- 
tagious disease. At present the funds are incapable of 
supporting more than 110. 

Besides the sons of freemen, who are presented to the 
hospital by the corporation, there are seven presented by 
the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, who, with his 
well-known munificence, resigned the emoluments of his 
office as Treasurer for their maintenance. 

There are 50 supported on the establishment by the 
Governors of Sir Erasmus Smith's charitable fund. 

Henry Osborn, of Dardistown, in the county of Meath, 
Esq. bequeathed 1,000/. to this hospital, on condition 
that the Lord Bishop of Meath, as trustee to his will, 
should have the right of presentation to ten vacancies in 
the hospital. 

James Southwell, Esq. bequeathed a sum of 450/. for 
the support of two boys, the vacancies to be filled by. 
order of the Rector of St. Werburgh's parish. 

The revenues of the hospital, which arise from various 






MARINE SCHOOL. 345 

sources, amount to about 4,000/. per annum; part of it 
is derived from landed property in Tipperary, Wexford, 
and Dublin; 250/. per annum from the corporation of 
Dublin, in lieu of a toll on corn ; and about 300 guineas 
per annum paid by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs on being 
elected ; together with the emoluments of the treasure- 
ship, 228/. per annum, which the present Lord Chief 
Justice Downes has so charitably resigned for the benefit 
of the hospital. The guild of merchants subscribe 20/. 
per annum for the support of a mathematical master, to 
instruct 10 boys destined for a sea-faring life; and when 
boys are sufficiently educated and arrived at a proper 
age, they are apprenticed to persons in respectable trades, 
with an accompanying fee of 5/., which is very frequently 
returned to the charity. 

The manner in which this charity has been conducted 
for a number of years, affords a strong presumption in 
favour of the system of governing by a number of re- 
spectable persons, not deriving pecuniary advantage from 
their directorships ; for there is not an establishment in 
the metropolis governed with more prudence, more 
economy, or upon more liberal and independent prin- 
ciples. 



MARINE SCHOOL. 



This humane and useful institution is situated on Sir 
John Rogerson's quay, on the north side of the Liffey. 
It owes its origin to the united efforts of the following 
gentlemen, David Latouche, George Simpson, Luke 
Mener, William Lyndon, David Burleigh, Theophilus 
Thompson, William and Thomas Barton, and Alexander 
Schomberg, Esqrs. These gentlemen, impressed by the 



340 MARINE SCHOOL. 

noblest feelings of humanity, and commiserating sincerely 
the destitute situation of those orphans whose parents 
devoted the most valuable years of their existence to the 
preservation of their country in the war of 1760, i 
blished an asylum at Ringsend for the purpose of clothing, 
dieting, and educating the orphans and sons of seafaring 
men. Into this establishment, about twenty deserving ob- 
jects were admitted to the enjoyment of these advant. 
about the year 1766, and the only fund for its support 
was derived from charitable contributions. But an in- 
stitution so useful to a naval and commercial kingdom, 
could not long remain unnoticed by a judicious govern- 
ment, and on the 20th day of June, 1775, the Royal 
Marine School obtained a charter, appointing the Lord 
Lieutenant, the Primate, the Lord Chancellor, the members 
for the city, the Lord Mayor, the senior master of the 
Guild of Merchants, and the Archdeacon of Dublin, all 
for the time being, governors of this charity, with whom 
the original founders were by act incorporated. The 
objects of this institution are not only the support of these 
children, but to instruct them carefully in reading, writing, 
arithmetic, navigation, and the sacred writings, and 
afterwards apprenticing them to masters of vessels, to 
whom they are a great acquisition. 

The establishment is at present conducted in a most 
creditable and economical manner by the master, Mr. 
Baker, whose sagacity readily detected the difficulty of 
providing for boys so instructed, after the cessation of 
hostilities and the decay of trade. He has accordingly 
introduced shoe- making, tailoring, &c. as a part of their 
education ; first, reducing the expense of their cloth- 
ing to less than half its former amount, and also providing 
for their future subsistence, when their apprenticeships 






MARINE SCHOOL. 347 

shall hare expired, and their services, perhaps, be no 
longer required. 

There are at present (1821) one hundred and eighty 
boys on the establishment, the greatest number it was 
ever known to accommodate ; for the instruction and su- 
perintendance of this great number, only two persons are 
employed, a master and one assistant, and there is, not- 
withstanding, no charitable institution in the country more 
neatly kept, or where the improvement of the pupils is 
more considerable. 

Before the appointment of the present respectable 
master, who was formerly a commissioned officer in his 
Majesty's service, this charity was much abused; in the 
year 1809, three boys were expelled, two died, and 31 
eloped; and from the oth of January, 1814, to the 5th 
of January, 1821, a period of seven years, we find 351 
boys were registered on the books ; of these, 

85 were apprenticed to masters of vessels. 
58 volunteered into the Royal Navy. 
9 were discharged, as unfit for service. 
4 ditto for improper conduct. 
4 died. 
14 eloped. 

Total 174— leaving 180 in the school. 

From this scale, it is evident the average of elopements, 
which formerly exceeded 20, is reduced to 2 per annum. 
The number of deaths does not exceed one in two 
years, and on the 1st of June, 1821, there were no inva- 
lids in the infirmary. 

The building, which is after a design of Thomas Ivory, 
Esq., presents a front of granite-stone to the quays, having 
a court-yard before it, enclosed by a wall ten feet high ; 



348 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 

there are wings on either side, one of which is the chapel 
and the other the school-room. The upper part of the 
house is used as a dormitory, and the lower stories give 
accommodation to the master, assistant, and house- 
keeper. The only room in the establishment, quite unfit 
for the purpose it is applied to, is the dining-hall, which 
is in the underground story, and is low, dark, and damp, 
and only requires to be visited by those in whose power 
it is to remedy the evil, to prove its total inadequacy and 
unfitness. The infirmary is also injudiciously situated, 
occupying a room in the centre of the building, and 
some years since, when the establishment was not con- 
ducted with the care and ability which marks every part 
of its present arrangements, the governors were obliged 
to rent a lodging, at some distance from Dublin, as an in- 
firmary, but this is no longer found requisite. — For any 
further information respecting this Society, see the Charter 
and Bye Laws, printed 1789. 



COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, SIR PATRICK 
DUN'S HOSPITAL. 

This body was first incorporated in the reign of 
Charles II., but the charter then granted having been 
found insufficient for the purposes for which it was de- 
signed, was surrendered in 1692, and a new one ob- 
tained from William and Mary, incorporating the body 
by the name of the King and Queen's College of Physi- 
cians in Ireland. 

By this charter it is directed that there shall be 1 1 
fellows, one of whom is to be president ; the other officers 



COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 340 

are a vice- president, four censors, a treasurer, and a re- 
gistrar. The office of president circulates amongst the 
senior fellows of the body, the vice-president is one of the 
censors, and the junior censor is usually the registrar. 
The censors are chosen indiscriminately from the fellows 
at large, but the four junior ones are commonly appointed. 
The treasurer is likewise elected from the body of the 
fellows. Their charter conferred on this body consi- 
derable powers, but, as it was not confirmed by Act of 
Parliament, it has never been attempted to be acted on 
by them. Several acts have however been passed by 
Parliament, which confirm parts of the charter, and even 
confer new powers. The censors are now authorised by 
law to search the shops and warehouses of apothecaries, 
druggists, and chemists, and to destroy any articles of 
medicine which are of a bad description. A principal 
share in the conduct of the School of Physic in Ireland is 
also, by Act of Parliament, imposed on the College of 
Physicians, and they still possess the power of summon- 
ing all practitioners of medicine before them in order to 
be examined ; the charter enables the College to impose 
pecuniary fines, and even personal confinement, in case 
the practitioner so summoned fails to appear; but the 
charter not having been confirmed by Parliament, such 
proceedings are never resorted to. The College has the 
power of publishing the names of those who refuse to 
appear, and tins is perhaps a more serious alternative 
than a pecuniary fine. 

The objects for which this body is designed are nearly 
the same as those of the College of Physicians in London, 
except that the Dublin College has a considerable share 
in the management of the medical school in Ireland, (see 
School of Physic ;) whereas there is no regular school in 



.350 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 

London. The constitutions of both Colleges resemble 
each other, no physician can be a fellow of either who 
has not received a regular education, and passed through 
one of the Universities, Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin. 
All persons, whether graduates in arts or not, may be- 
come licentiates of either on passing the accustomed exa- 
mination, and on agreeing to confine themselves to the 
practice of medicine alone. It having been provided by 
law, that all fellows who should become possessed of ap- 
pointments by which they derive emolument from the 
trust funds of the College, should " ipso facto" vacate 
their fellowships, such persons are generally made honorary 
fellows on their resignation. Thus there are three classes 
of members : — 1st, Fellows on whom the entire manage- 
ment of the College depends ; 2nd, Honorary Fellows, 
who cannot take a part in the financial affairs of the Col- 
lege, but may be summoned to meetings on extraordinary 
occasions, and vote on affairs of general concern; and 
3rd, Licentiates, who have nothing whatever to do with 
the management of the College, but may yet also be 
summoned on occasions of importance. The number of 
fellows is not limited by the Act to 14, whence, in case of 
ill health, absence from town, or other cause preventing 
the attendance of any fellow, there are, generally, two or 
three above the number, so as always to have a full 
board. Almost all the physicians who intend practising 
in Dublin, find it necessary to take licenses from the 
College, for, from the internal regulations adopted among 
the members, it would be absolutely impossible for a 
person to attain rank in the profession who is not a licen- 
tiate of the College. The candidate for license is examined 
during two days, on the first in anatomy and physiology, 
by the fourth or junior censor, and in materia medica, 



COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 351 

pharmacy, chemistry and botany, by the third censor; 
on the second day he is examined in all these branches 
by the fourth censor, on acute diseases by the third, on 
chronic by the second, on non-naturals by the senior; and 
in Greek (such as Hippocrates or Aretaeus) by the pre- 
sident. 

The meetings are held at Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, 
in a board-room, which the College have reserved for their 
use ; adjoining it is a very valuable library, consisting 
chiefly of old writers on medicine ; no addition has been 
lately made to it since the Act of Parliament appropriated 
the surplus of the funds of the estates of Sir Patrick Dun 
to the erection of an hospital for the use of the School of 
Physic, and, until the execution of that object, it forbade 
the expenditure of any part of that revenue on the 
library; the hospital being now completed, it is expected 
that the library affairs will be taken, as speedily as possible, 
into consideration. 

The officers consist of a president, four censors, and 
nine fellows. 

The members of this College are the trustees of the 
estates bequeathed by Sir Patrick Dun, for the purpose of 
promoting improvement in medical education ; they have 
the power of disposing of the lands, and are constituted, 
by Act of Parliament, Guardians of the School of Physic 
in Ireland. 



COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 

Though Ireland has always been distinguished for 
producing skilful surgeons, there was no regular system 
of education established there until 1784, when a charter 



--^ k. 



352 COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 

was granted for the foundation of a College, which held 
its first meeting March 2nd, in that year. From that 
moment the practice of surgery has improved in a manner 
creditable to the most enlightened nation ; this is to be 
attributed to various circumstances, to the zeal of the 
founders, and to the liberality which admitted all religious 
persuasions to hold the highest honours in the profession, 
if their qualifications rendered them the most eligible. 
The candidate for admission amongst this respectable bodv 
is first examined in classics, he is then required to serve 
an apprenticeship of five years to a senior practitioner, 
during which period he attends hospitals daily, and sur- 
gical lectures, both in the College and privately ; and should 
his object be to obtain a license, a most strict examination 
is held by a Court of Examiners, who frequently reject 
candidates, who are capable, without additional prepara- 
tion, of obtaining a license in London; thereby demon- 
strating, the comparative accuracy of the Dublin Col- 
lege in granting licenses. It is not necessary for any 
army or navy surgeons either to serve the apprentice- 
ship or undergo so serious an examination ; they can ob- 
tain a certificate of qualification with considerably less 
trouble ; and, by a late regulation, the certificate of tins 
College is sufficient qualification to hold an employment 
in England. The licentiate who happens to be rejected, 
may appeal to a court of twelve examiners, who some- 
times reverse the former decree and grant the license, 
but this is not of frequent occurrence- There are six 
professors who give lectures on different branches, and 
are paid by the results of the tickets they dispose of to the 
pupils. The profassorsliips are — 1. Anatomy and Phy- 
siology ; 2. Theory and Practice of Surgery ; 3. Trac- 
tiee of Physic ; 4. Surgical Pharmacy ; 5. Midwifery, 






COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 353 

and the Diseases of Women and Children ; and 6. 
.Botany. 

The annual courses of lectures commence on the last 
Monday in October, and all (except botany) terminate 
the first week in May. 

The botanical course commences in April, and continues 
during summer. 

The lecture-room can accommodate 800 persons, and 
to this there is attached a gallery, for the public to witness 
the dissection of malefactors. There are, besides, two 
museums, (one public, the other private,) a dissecting- 
room on a very extensive scale, and drying lofts for 
making preparations; the public dissecting-room con- 
tains twenty tables, at each of which two students may 
be employed. 

The demonstration-room is capable of containing about 
100 persons. The former College was situated in the midst 
of a wretched assemblage of small buildings at the junction 
of Mercer-street with Johnson's Place, and adjoining 
Mercer's Hospital ; this becoming too small for the 
number of students, the present building was erected at 
an expense of 25,000/. granted by parliament for that 
purpose, on a piece of ground in Stephen's Green, at the 
corner of York-street, formerly the burial-ground of 
Quakers. 

The building is a small neat edifice, the front of which, 
facing the Green, measures 4o feet. The first stone 
was laid 17th March, 1806, by John, Duke of Bedford, 
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. It consists of two stories, 
the basement built of mountain-granite ; the facade, 
which is of the Doric order, is of Portland- stone; in the hall, 
which would be grand, but that it wants height, is a bust 
of his Majesty George IV. ; the staircase and apartments 



~ 



354 COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 

already mentioned are executed in a plain, neat, and be- 
coming manner, nor is there any establishment in the 
country that affords greater benefit or greater satisfaction 
to the public. 

The library, which is on the ground floor, is an excel- 
lent room, about 50 feet by 20, and contains a good col- 
lection of surgical works. Every licentiate is permitted 
to make use of the books. Over the library is an excel- 
lent collection of preparations, which, although the 
museum is in its infancy, are highly deserving the atten- 
tion of the student in surgery ; the preparation of one of 
the lower extremities is one of the most admirable speci- 
mens of the art to be met with. It is but justice to Mr. 
Shekelton, who has so materially contributed to supply 
the museum with valuable preparations, to give the 
circumstance publicity. 

At one end of the museum near the door, are two 
busts of statuary marble, the workmanship of John Smith, 
the one of Mr. Stewart, late surgeon-general, and the 
other that of surgeon Dease, a distinguished and early 
member of the College of Surgeons. 

The board, or committee room, is a spacious apart- 
ment, with a handsome stuccoed ceiling, lighted by three 
large circular-headed windows ; at one end is a full-length 
portrait of Dr. Renny, to whose exertions the College are 
indebted for their present charter, and at the other that 
of James Henthorn, thirty years secretary to the College. 
In the centre of the room stands an enormous stuffed 
skin of a camelopard. There are many other small and 
convenient apartments appropriated to the use of the 
registrar, house keeper, &c. 



■ 



ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS. 



ASSOCIATION OF MEMBERS OF THE COLLEGE 
OF PHYSICIANS IN IRELAND.-COLLEGE- 
GREEN. 

This Society was instituted in 1816, for the purpose 
of encouraging an intimate union amongst the members of 
the College of Physicians, and for the general purposes ol 
advancing medical science. The members of the College 
consisting of three different classes, fellows, honorary 
fellows, and licentiates, it was thought desirable that 
the individuals composing these several classes should 
form themselves into a body open to all members. The 
Association consisted, at first, of but one class of members, 
viz. those who belonged to the College of Physicians in 
Ireland, but subsequently it was determined to follow 
the example of other learned societies, as well at home as 
abroad, in instituting a class of corresponding members ; 
this class contains the names of some of the most cele- 
brated medical men on the continent, as well as those of 
some most respectable practitioners in England and the 
country parts of Ireland. 

The members meet at their rooms, 21, College-green, 
on the evening of the first Monday in every month, for 
the purpose of transacting business. Communications on 
medical subjects and scientific matters in general, are re- 
ceived and read at these meetings ; the most interesting 
(whether by strangers or by members) are selected for 
publication. The Association have already published 
3 vols, of Transactions, which have called forth the un- 
equivocal expressions of approbation from some of the 
most fastidious conductors of medical reviews on the other 
side of the Channel. These works are still carried on with 
a a2 



— 



350 SCHOOL OF PHYSIC. 

spirit, and the Association requests the assistance of the 
profession, not only in the metropolis but in the pro- 
vincial parts of the kingdom. 

All communications are expected to be sent postage 
free to the secretary. Strangers of this profession, espe- 
cially foreigners, are frequently introduced, and they 
seldom fail to express themselves highly flattered by the 
attention paid to them by the members individually and 
collectively. 

The officers are, a president, two vice-presidents, a 
treasurer, librarian, and secretary. 



SCHOOL OF PHYSIC. 

The School of Physic is partly under the direction of 
the College of Physicians, and partly under that of the 
Board of the University, each of which bodies exerts a 
controul over three of the six professors of which the 
school consists. 

The professorships of anatomy, chemistry and botany 
are filled up by the appointment of the Board of Trinity 
College, who elect and pay these professors, who are 
thence styled University Professors ; those of the practice 
of medicine, institutes of medicine, and materia mediea, 
are called King's Professors, as they derive their salaries 
from the legislative enactments relative to the School of 
Physic. These professors are chosen by five electors, three 
of whom are balloted for from the fellows of the College 
of Physicians, the fourth is the Regius Professor of 
Physic in the University, and the fifth the Provost ; the 
emoluments of the University professors are liable to some 






SCHOOL OF PHYSIC, 357 

fluctuation, since their salaries from the University de- 
pend on the number of students in a particular class, and 
it is by fines imposed on them that the different professors 
are paid by Trinity College ; the remainder of their income 
arises from their own pupils, each of whom pays fair 
guineas for a course of lectures. In the case of the King'^ 
Professors, the pupils pay the same fees, but they have a 
fixed sum, in addition, of 100/. only per annum, so that a 
King's professorship is not so lucrative as an Univer- 
sity one. 

The King's professors deliver their lectures at Sir Patrick 
Dun's Hospital, the University professors at Trinity Col- 
lege. All, except the professor of botany, commence their 
lectures on the 1st Monday in November, and terminate 
on the 1st Monday in May. The order in which the lec- 
tures are delivered is as follows : —at ten o'clock, A.M. the 
professor of Materia Medica, (Dr. Crampton) ; at eleven, 
the professor of the Institutes of Medicine, (Dr. Boyton) ; 
at twelve, the patients are visited at Sir P. Dun's Hos- 
pital by the clinical lecturer ; at one, the professor of 
Anatomy and Surgery, (Dr. Macartney) ; at two, the 
professor of Chemistry, (Dr. Barker) ; at three, the pro- 
fessor of the Practice of Medicine, (Dr. Tuomy) ; the six 
professors take their turn of attendance at Sir Patrick 
Dun's Hospital, where they deliver clinical lectures on the 
patients, each lecturer attending three months at a time. 
The students in medicine are of two classes, the first con- 
sists of regular graduates in arts, who in three years from 
their admission to the degree of A. B. may be examined, 
and, if qualified, are admitted Bachelors in Medicine ; 
these, by standing, attain the fidl University degree of 
M. D. The second class consists of those who do not 
become students in arts, but merely matriculate in mcclU 



358 SCHOOL OF PHYSIC. ( 

cine ; these in three years after matriculation arc exa- 
mined, and if found properly qualified, receive a diploma ; 
this diploma, though inferior to the degree obtained by 
the other class, is yet on an equality with the diploma 
conferred at Edinburgh. In no case is a candidate ad- 
mitted to examination until he has produced, to the re- 
gistrar of Trinity College, the certificates of the six pro- 
fessors for at least one course of each, certificates for 
attendance on the clinical lectures for six months, and 
the ticket of admission as a pupil to Sir Patrick Dun's 
Hospital. 

Trinity College will admit the certificates of any three 
professors of Edinburgh as qualifications, instead of those 
of corresponding professors of the Irish School, and the 
same compliment is paid by the University of Edinburgh 
to the School of Physic in Ireland ; but it is requisite that 
when the candidate seeks a degree or diploma from this 
school, he should be able to produce the ticket of Sir Pa- 
trick Dun's, together with the certificates of the clinical 
lecturers for six months. The reputation of the School of 
Physic in Ireland is already very considerable; it is how- 
ever every day rising more in the estimation of the public, 
and the recent revival of some old regulations, together 
with some alterations which are contemplated by the 
Board of Trinity College, promise to raise the character 
of the institution. The facility, with which anatomical 
studies can be pursued in Dublin, is one cause which 
gives this school an advantage over others. 

The Botanic Garden is very conveniently situated for the 
students, being within a few minutes walk of Sir Patrick 
Dun's Hospital ; the system of private instruction carried 
on there is of the utmost utility, the professor's assistant 
(Mr. Mackay), a most intelligent man and an excellent 



APOTHECARIES'-HALL, MARY-STREET. 359 

botanist, gives private lectures in the garden, which arc 
very well attended, and from which the students cannot 
fail to derive the greatest advantage. 



APOTHECARIES'-HALL, MARY-STREET. 

The house occupied by the Governor and Company ot 
the Apothecaries'-hall was erected in 1791, for about 
6,000l. ; it is a plain building, fronting Mary-street, 
having extensive storehouses in the rear, and a spacious 
chemical laboratory, wherein several of the articles in use 
among apothecaries are prepared ; the hall serves, as it 
were, for a wholesale warehouse, whence the individual 
apothecaries can procure their medicines in a state of 
purity. Previously to the incorporation of this society, 
the apothecaries' shops were supplied from the ware- 
houses of the druggists, who were the importers, and 
frequently furnished very bad preparations, In order to 
remedy this evil, an application was made to parliament 
for permission to raise subscriptions for the purpose of 
erecting an Apothecaries'-hall, which was to be supplied 
with the purest medicines of all kinds. In 1791, the 
petition was granted, and an act passed, incorporating a 
society under the title of the Governor and Company of 
the Apothecaries'-hall ; G,000/. was raised on debentures, 
with which the house was completed ; 2,000/. more was 
borrowed for the outfit of the shop ; and so successful has 
this institution been, that the debentures, which were 
originally bought for 100/., now sell for from 5001, to 
6001. . 

Lectures arc delivered at the laboratory on chemistry 
and pharmacy, which commence on the 1st May, and 



_ 



rm 



360 CHARITABLE INFIRMARY, JERVIS-STREET. 

continue for about two months, three times a week ; the 
present lecturer is Mr. Donovan, a gentleman who has 
greatly distinguished himself by his chemical labours. 

The principal duty of this society is the examination 
of candidates for the rank of master apothecary, without 
wliich no person can open an apothecary's shop in this; 
city, This examination is conducted with great strict- 
ness, and to this is to be ascribed, in a great degree, the 
perfection which this branch of the medical profession 
has attained in this city. Previously to their being bound, 
apprentices are likewise examined in a classical course, 
comprising Caesar, Sallust, Virgil, Horace, Greek Tes- 
tament, &c 

The establishment consists of a governor, deputy go- 
vernor, treasurer, and secretary, and thirteen directors. 



CHARITABLE INFIRMARY, JERVIS-STREET. 

The Charitable Infirmary was instituted early in the 
commencement of the eighteenth century, for the purpose 
of affording relief to the poor, labouring under medical 
or surgical diseases ; it was the first institution of the 
kind erected in Dublin, and owes its existence (like 
many other valuable establishments) solely to the bene- 
volent exertions of a few medical men. In the year 
1728, a house was opened in Cook-street, for the pur- 
poses of the charity, and, from the flourishing state of the 
funds, the directors were soon enabled to transfer their 
establishment to a more appropriate situation on the 
King's Inns' Quay, which they vacated in 1792, in order 
to remove to the present site in Jervis-strcct. Soon after 
this the governors procured a charter, appointing sub- 



CHARITABLE INFIRMARY, JERVIS-STREET. 301 

scribers of two guineas governors for the year, and those 
of twenty pounds governors for life. By some accident, 
the original charter has been forfeited, and a new one 
lately obtained, depriving the medical officers of the 
right they formerly exercised of being ex officio govern- 
ors, but still recognising their power of becoming such, 
on subscribing the sums above mentioned. The imme- 
diate conduct of the hospital, is vested in the hands of a 
managing committee of fifteen governors, who act under 
the controul of the general board, all elections for me- 
dical officers and apothecaries being in the hands of the 
latter. 

The building, which was erected in 1803, is of the 
plainest description, possessing a simple brick front, and 
is scarcely to be distinguished from the adjoining houses, 
except by a double flight of granite steps furnished with 
a high iron railing, the house retiring a few feet from the 
line of the adjoining ones. The ground floor is occupied 
by the surgery, board-room, and apothecary's apartment ; 
all the rooms above stairs are used as wards, with the 
exception of two, one of which is appropriated to the 
use of the resident matron, and the other to operations. 
The board- room contains a neat library, supported by 
contributions from the students, a great number of whom 
attend the practice of the hospital. The house is capable 
of affording accommodation to fifty patients, but, as the 
funds are not sufficient for the support of more than 
thirty, the governors have adopted a most wise and 
salutary regulation, that of admitting, into the unoccupied 
beds, patients who, being of a rank in life somewhat 
above the lowest order, are able to provide for their 
own support, and who receive from the establishment 
only medicine and advice. Although the accommodation 



STEEVENS S HOSPITAL. 

of this hospital is so limited, yet the selection of cases is 
so excellent, that few afford so useful a field of obser- 
vation to the student, and the great extent of the dis- 
pensary department attached to it familiarises him with 
almost every species of disease. The records furnish ac- 
counts of the successful performance of some of the 
most difficult and capital operations to be found in the 
annals of surgery, 

The funds amount to a little more than 900/. per ann. 

The officers are, two physicians, nine surgeons, re- 
gistrar, housekeeper, two nurses, and a porter. Hours of 
attendance, nine a. m. in winter, eight a. m. hi summer. 

Physicians visit on Tuesdays and Fridays, or as occa- 
sion requires ; surgeons daily, in turn, 

Terms of attendance for pupils, for the 

Summer half year - - Three Guineas. 
Winter ditto - - - - Four Guineas. 



STEEVENS'S HOSPITAL. 



In the year 1710, Dr. Steevens, a practitioner in 
Dublin, bequeathed to his sister, during her life, Ins 
estate, amounting to 600/. per annum, and, after her 
death, vested it in three trustees, for the purpose of 
erecting an hospital for the maintenance of sick poor, as 
well medical as surgical patients, to be called Steevcns's 
hospital. She, anxious to fulfil the wishes of her brother, 
as soon as she came into possession, immediately appro- 
priated the greater part of the property to the building 
of the hospital, reserving to herself merely 120/. per 
annum, and apartments in the hospital, an act of public 
spirit and generosity which exceeds, if possible, the 



STEEVENS'S HOSPITAL. 363 

liberality of the founder himself. The house is situated 
between Bow-lane (James's-street) and the Liffey, to the 
north of Swift's Hospital; it was commenced in 1720, and, 
in 1733, was so far advanced as to be ready for the ac- 
commodation of forty patients ; the hospital was accord- 
ingly opened on the 2nd of July, in that year, under the 
management of the following governors appointed by 
act of parliament, eleven ex officio, viz. the Primate, 
Lord Chancellor, Lord Archbishop of Dublin, Chancellor 
of the Exchequer, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, 
Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Lord Chief 
Baron of the Exchequer, Dean of Christ- Church, Dean of 
St. Patrick's, Provost of Trinity College, Surgeon-ge- 
neral; and twelve elective. 

The building, 233 feet by 204, consists of four fronts, 
and encloses a court, 114 feet by 94, surrounded by a 
piazza with a covered gallery above it. In the eastern 
front is the entrance by a large gateway, over which is 
erected a cupola, with a bell and clock; on this side are 
the apartments of the resident surgeon, chaplain, steward, 
and matron. On the north east is thn board-room, 
where is deposited the library, bequeathed by Dr. Ed- 
ward Worth, consisting of medical and miscellaneous 
books; adjoining is the committee-room, where patients 
present themselves for examination. Over the entrance 
to the library is the following inscription : — 

/Egris Sauciisq: Sanandis, 

llicardus Stecvcns, M. D. Rcditus, 

Grisalda Stecvcns superstcs /Edcs hascc 

Dono dedcrc. 

Edwardus Worth, Archiatcr 

Bibliothccam quaia vides 

Eruditam, nitidam, pcrpolitam. 



- 



o<)4 STEEVENS's HOSPITAL. 

The library is decorated with the portraits of Dr. 
Worth and Mr. Steevens ; in the west front are the 
wards, operating theatre, baths, apothecary's shop ; and 
in the under-ground story kitchens and laundries. The 
north and south fronts are devoted to wards, the upper 
story for women, and the lower for men ; in the south- 
eastern angle is a chapel, wherein Divine service is per- 
formed on Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The go- 
vernors not having funds to support the entire number 
of patients which the house is capable of accommo- 
dating, (300,) have occasionally let the garret story to 
government for the reception of military patients ; and, 
since the closing of the male wards of the Westmoreland 
Lock Hospital, in 1819, they have contracted with it 
for the support of fifty beds for the reception of vene- 
real patients. 

The annual income of this establishment, independent 
of grants from parliament and the Irish government, is 
about 2,231/. 

The private funds are sufficient to maintain about 160 
beds, and the contributions from government and parlia- 
ment enable the governors to support fifty or sixty addi- 
tional, so that the whole number]of beds occupied exceeds 
200 ; hence this is the most extensive surgical hospital in 
the city, for the great majority of patients admitted are 
surgical. During the prevalence of the late epidemic fever, 
there were eighty beds supported by government in tliis 
hospital for the reception of fever patients, independently 
of those who were admitted on the house establishment. 

The medical officers are, one physician, one assistant 
ditto, two surgeons non resident, two assistant ditto non- 
resident, one resident surgeon and one apothecary. The 
salaries of the non-resident officers, arc merely allowances 



mercer's hospital.— johnson's-place. 3C5 

for occasional coach hire, and the residents have, in ad- 
dition to their salaries, coals, candles, apartments, and a 
garden ; the chaplain has, out of the funds of the es- 
tablishment, 20/. per annum, with apartments, coals, 
candles, and a garden, hut he also receives from lands 
bequeathed for his use 1611, 2s. making a clear annual 
income of 181/. 2s. 

The hospital is visited by the physicians and surgeons, 
non-resident, on Mondays and Fridays, at eleven o'clock 
in the forenoon, and operations are performed imme- 
diately after the surgeons have completed their visit. 
The dispensary is open on Tuesdays, Thursdays and 
Saturdays. 

A very useful and select medical library is now es- 
tablishing, under the superintendence of the resident 
surgeon, in the western side of the hospital, for the use 
of the students. 



MERCER'S HOSPITAL.— JOHNSON'S-PLACE, 
WILLIAM-STREET. 

This hospital, which derives its name from the bene- 
volent founder, was appropriated to the reception of the 
sick, in the year 1734, by Mrs. Mary Mercer; it is a 
large house, built of hewn stone, at the corner of Stephen's 
and Mercer's streets, in Johnson's-place. The exterior 
presents little remarkable, the ascent to the hall-door 
is by a winding flight of stone stairs. At its first in- 
stitution it contained only ten beds, but, subsequently, the 
number has been increased to fifty, it seldom however 
happens that more than forty are occupied, the funds nut 



3G() MEATH HOSPITAL — COOMBE. 

permitting it. The chief management of the affairs of 
this institution, incorporated by act of parliament in 
1750, is intrusted to a committee of fifteen, chosen 
from amongst the governors, who meet the first and 
third Tuesday in each month, and, out of these, two vi- 
siters are appointed, who visit the house occasionally and 
at uncertain times. 

The principal donors are, Captain Hayes, Mr. 
Pleasants, and Miss Daunt, who bequeathed 500/. each ; 
Mr. Hume, sixty years surgeon to the house, 300/.; the 
annual income exceeds 1,000/., of which about 130/. is 
furnished by annual subscription, 250/. by profit rents, 
450/. by interest on money, the rest by grand jury pre- 
sentment, and occasional parliamentary grants. 

It is almost exclusively a surgical hospital ; previously, 
however, to the building of Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, 
some wards were set apart in it for the reception of me- 
dical patients, the subjects of clinical lecture, whose 
support was charged on the funds of Sir Patrick Dun's 
estates j this was at that time a very desirable object, there 
being, at that period, no clinical hospital; owing, however, 
to some misunderstanding, the governors shut up the 
wards, and the clinical lectures were terminated, to the 
serious disadvantage of the students. 

The medical officers are two physicians and six 
surgeons. 

N. B. The surgeons visit daily, and a dispensary is 
attached. 



MEATH HOSPITAL— COOMBE. 

The Meath Hospital is so called from its having been 
originally destined to the use of the poor, living in the 



- 



MEATH HOSPITAL— COOMBE. 3G7 

Earl of Meath's liberties ; but, within a few years after 
its foundation, an act was passed, converting it into an 
infirmary for the county of Dublin ; it was originally in 
Meath-street, afterwards removed to South-east-street, 
and subsequently, as soon as the improved state of their 
funds permitted, the present house was built on the 
Coombe; but this being found inadequate, the shell of a 
large and commodious hospital, capable of accommo- 
dating with ease one hundred patients, is now erected at 
the rear of Kevins-street, fronting the Long-lane. This 
most desirable object has been effected principally by 
the munificent T. Pleasants, Esq. who in 1814, made a 
donation of 6,000/. of which he directed 2,000/. to be 
funded for the purpose of supporting patients, and the 
remainder to be expended in building a dissecting room, 
&c. The ground was immediately purchased, and 
with the addition of 800/. raised by subscription, the 
shell of the edifice has been built, but it still continues 
in an unfinished state. 

Formerly, the medical officers received a salary of 
100/. each, but they agreed to resign it for the advantage 
of the institution, and this custom has been adopted ever 
since. 

The establishment consists of two physicians, six sur- 
geons, and one apothecary. A physician and a surgeon 
attend every day at ten o'clock, and visit the house, as 
well as prescribe for the patients attending the extensive 
dispensary attached to the institution. 

The annual income exceeds 1,000/., and in some years 
amount to 1,150/. The salaries and wages are about 
170/. per annum. There are four ex officio governors, 
his Grace the Primate, his Grace the Archbishop of 
Dublin, the Lord Chancellor, and the Vicar of St. 



3G8 LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. — GREAT-BRIT AI N-ST. 

Catherine's. Persons paying twenty guineas are gover- 
nors for life, and subscribers of two guineas are 
governors for the year ; those who subscribe one guinea 
annually are entitled to recommend patients. 



LYING-IN-HOSPITAL.— GREAT-BRITAIN- 
STREET. 

This establishment owes its existence to the humane 
and persevering exertions of Dr. Bartholomew Mosse, 
a physician of eminence in Dublin, who opened, at his 
own private expense, an hospital for the reception of 
poor lying-in women. The house first occupied for 
this purpose was situated in George's-street south, 
and was opened on the 25 th March, 1745, being the first 
establishment of the kind in his Majesty's dominions ; 
he had the credit of continuing to support this most 
beneficial charity solely at his own expense, until the 
great relief afforded by it, induced others to contribute 
their mite to the execution of so laudable a project; 
accordingly, in 1750, the state of the funds being suffi- 
ciently flourishing, he selected the site of the present 
hospital, with the grounds adjoining. The latter he 
immediately proceeded to lay out in such a manner as to 
afford a place of public amusement, the emoluments 
arising from which he justly computed would be of 
great assistance in the supporting the hospital he was 
about to erect ; and the first stone of the present struc- 
ture was laid May 24th, 1751. After expending all 
his fortune in forwarding his plan, he was obliged to 
apply to the House of Commons for assistance, from 
whom he received a grant of 6,000/., and in the next 



— 




- 



.—— 



— 1 



LYING-IN-HOSPITAL.— GREAT-BRITAIN-ST. 3C9 

session a similar sum was voted to him, both of which 
having been expended on the building 1 , he was presented 
with a sum of 2,000/. for himself. In 1756, a number of 
governors were incorporated by act of parliament, and, 
in 1757, the hospital was opened for the admission of 
patients : the following year an hospital was opened on 
the same footing, in London, by Dr. Layard, who had 
obtained the plan from Dr. Mosse. 

The wards, which are extremely neat and well ven- 
tilated, are of various sizes, some containing twenty 
beds or more, and others only one. This arrangement is 
most desirable, for, in case any of the patients should be 
visited by the dreadful consequences of parturition, it 
affords an opportunity of removing them into a room 
where then- sufferings are concealed from those, who 
being perhaps under precisely similar circumstances, 
might be dangerously affected ; the beds are of the 
most comfortable description, being furnished with cur- 
tains, and kept in a state of the most perfect neatness : as 
soon as a bed is vacated, the old straw is instantly re- 
moved and fresh supplied, and from the mode in which 
the admission of patients is regulated, there are constant 
opportunities of washing the wards while they are un- 
occupied by patients, a regulation evidently attended 
with advantage. 

The income of the establishment has, from various 
causes, greatly declined within the last twenty-five years; 
formerly, a great portion of it was derived from the 
profits of concerts given in the Rotunda Rooms; but this 
speculation has latterly been unproductive, for the public 
taste has undergone some alteration with respect to 
such entertainments, and in the next place, the distur- 
bances in the year 1798, and subsequently, (during 



370 LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. — GREAT BRITAIN-ST. 

which time the Rotunda and public rooms were used as 
barracks,) prevented the gentry from indulging in their 
customary amusements, and broke in upon their habits, 
in so much that, when the rooms were restored to the 
governors, the exertions which they made to induce the 
public to frequent their concerts, which they had re- 
vived, were nearly fruitless ; in addition also to these 
causes may be added, the almost total desertion of the 
metropolis by the nobility and gentry, in consequence of 
the Union. Thus it is easy to perceive why this charity 
should have suffered more than other institutions from 
the effects of that measure, which was to have been pro- 
ductive of so much advantage to Ireland, but has proved 
injurious to every interest of this country, whether local 
or general ; for the peculiar object of it being calculated 
to excite in the minds of the higher orders a stronger 
interest than any other medical establishment, whatever 
tended to diminish the numbers of the higher classes 
resident in the metropolis, tended to reduce the revenues 
arising from their bounty. That all the above causes 
operated most seriously to the prejudice of the insti- 
tution, appears from a reference to the table of receipts, 
arising from public exhibitions previous and down to 
to the above period. The average profits from the 
rooms, for the three years preceeding 1798, amounted 
to 1,450/. per annum, whereas, those of the three years 
previous to 1809, did not exceed 300/. per annum. 
Finding these exhibitions so unprofitable, the governors 
frequently advertised the rooms for hire, and they do oc- 
casionally succeed in procuring a bidder ; they have even 
offered to let them for a term of years, and they were 
lately taken by Mr. Harris, who fitted them up as a tem- 
porary theatre, where plays were represented during the 
building of the new house in Hawkins- street. They 



.„ m^. 



LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. — GREAT-BRIT AIN-ST. 37l 

were laid out with considerable judgment, and afforded 
very comfortable accommodation, but not presenting a 
sufficiently spacious area, were occupied only six months, 
after which they were restored in perfect order to the 
governors. Another source from which the income of 
the hospital is derived is the collection in the chapel ; 
this, formerly, made a considerable item in the revenue of 
the house, amounting on an average, for the twelve years 
ending 1786, to 158/. per annum, whereas, not more 
than the fourth of that sum is now raised. The charity- 
sermon has also been of late much less productive than 
formerly ; occasional benefactions, the rent of a room 
let to the Anacreontic Society, and the profits of the 
gardens, are the other sources of the casual income. 
The fixed or permanent income arises chiefly from 
subscriptions, called bed-money, collected from some of 
the governors who pay 12/. 10s. per annum, from the 
rent of vaults, ground-rents, and interest on debentures, 
and amounts to about 965/. the casual may be estimated 
at 700/., making in all about 1,665/. per annum. The 
expenditure may be estimated at thirty-shillings (Irish) 
per head for every patient, and this sum is sufficient to 
cover all expenses, except the interest of eleven thousand 
pounds, at 4 per cent, the payment of which is guaran- 
teed by government ; and the expense of supporting and 
instructing eight female pupils, who are educated for 
the purpose of practising midwifery in distant parts 
of the country. The greatest part of the income has 
hitherto been derived from parliamentary grants ; but it 
is to be regretted that it has lately been found necessary 
to curtail them, and it is even supposed that the Irish 
government intend to recommend a still further reduction ; 
in which case they will entirely new model the internal 
administration of the establishment, and it is much to be 
u u2 



- 



372 LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. — GREAT-BRITAI N-ST. 

apprehended, that any change made therein will tend to 
the injury of the institution. 

The expenditure in salaries, wages and allowance- 
amounts to something more than 500/. per annum ; the 
officers and servants are, a master and three assistants, 
two chaplains, (one superannuated,) registrar and agent, 
matron, chapel-clerk, sextoness, porter, head midwife, 
nine nurses, eight ward-maids, one cook, one kitchen- 
maid, one house-maid, and one messenger, the total 
amount of whose salaries is 507/. Besides these items, 
there is also a small allowance to the master, his assistant^ 
and pupils, for coals. 

The Hospital is placed under the management of sixty 
governors, thirteen of whom are appointed ex officio, and 
are styled Guardians, viz. his Excellency the Lord Lieu- 
tenant, Lord Primate, Lord Chancellor, Lord Mayor of 
the City of Dublin, Archbishop of Dublin, Duke of Lein- 
ster, Lord Bishop of Kildare, High Sheriffs of the City 
of Dublin, Commander of the Forces., Dean of St. Pa- 
trick's, Archdeacon of Dublin, and Recorder of Dublin; 
the rest are selected from the subscribers ; and the 
master, consulting physician and surgeon are always 
elected governors. The immediate regulation of the es- 
tablishment is delegated to the master, who is always 
a physician of the highest celebrity as an accoucheur, and 
as so great a trust is to be reposed in him, it is the first 
object of the governors to procure a proper competition 
for the situation: this they have effected by a very 
prudent regulation, namely, that of allowing the master 
all the profits arising from the pupils. 

This officer, who as well as his assistants, is a resident, 
is elected for seven years, and is not re-eligible at any 
future period; his income may be calculated at about 



LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. — GREAT-BRITAIN-ST. 373 

1,800/. per annum ; but it will evidently depend entirely 
OB liis own exertions, for, if he be attentive to his duties, 
and have the interest of the institution at heart, his own 
will be promoted by the increase of pupils, each of whom 
attends the hospital for six months ; and of these there is 
always a constant succession. The pupils are of two 
classes, internal and external ; the former, who are six in 
number, pay thirty guineas ; each number is constantly 
kept up, so that hence arises to the master an income of 
360 guineas annually. The extern pupils take their turn 
with the interns, of remaining the night in the wards ; 
they amount, at the lowest average, to fifteen, each pay- 
ing to the master twenty guineas ; and as these as well as 
the interns attend only six months, the sum hence arising 
is 600 guineas per annum. Ten guineas are also paid by 
the Governors for each female pupil, (of whom there are 
generally four attending for six months.) Independently 
of these emoluments, he receives 200/, from each of his 
assistants, (who are changed every three years.) It is 
said, however, that government have it in contemplation 
to allow a fixed salary to the master, and to apply all the 
profits of pupils, assistants, &c. to the support of the 
patients. It is to be hoped that such an arrangement will 
not be adopted without due deliberation, as the conse- 
quences might be most injurious; the master would no 
longer be dependent on his own exertions, the pupils 
would therefore decline in number, and the profits would 
be considerably reduced. This would evidently be the case, 
if the salary determined on were so liberal as to render 
the master independent ; if it, on the other hand, were re- 
duced too low, there would be a defect of competition, 
and the situation would no longer be filled by accoucheurs 
of the first rank. If any change should take place In this 



374 LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. — GREAT-BRIT A IN-ST, 

department, it might be advisable to divide the profits 
between the hospital and the master, in such a ratio that 
the latter shall be amply repaid for his exertions ; but even 
such a change is attended with hazard, for no principle 
can be better established in the management of institutions, 
public or private, than this, that the greater the advan- 
tage which the acting officer derives from the flourish- 
ing state of the establishment, the more zealous will he be. 
This hospital is frequented by all those who intend de- 
voting themselves to the practice of midwifery in Ireland ; 
besides numbers of foreign students, and of those who 
are designed for general practice. The master delivers 
a course of lectures on midwifery, and, at the end of six 
months, each student is examined by the master, in pre- 
sence of the assistants, in the principles of the science, 
and, if he is found properly qualified, receives a certifi- 
cate. This establishment forms, as it were, a supplement 
to the School of Physic in Ireland, affording the students 
an opportunity of qualifying themselves in a branch which 
does not enter into the course of study laid down for me- 
dical students. The opportunities of acquiring informa- 
tion are very great, the number of cases occurring in the 
hospital being very considerable. From the 1st of January, 
1820, to the 3rd November in the same year, 2,078 
women were delivered, that is, upwards of six cases per 
day. From the opening of the hospital to the 20th No- 
vember, 1820, 96,677 women were delivered of 51,270 
boys and 46,960 girls; 1,600 had twins. 

The front of the building, which is towards Great-Britain- 
street, * and extends 125 feet, consists of a rusticated, 

* The front would have been exactly opposite Sackvillc-street, had 
not Dr. Mosse quarrelled with the proprietor of the ground, Mr. Luko 
Gardiner, afterwards Lord Mountjoy. 



THE LYING-IN-HOSPITAL CHAPEL. 375 

basement and two series of windows above ; in the centre 
of the basement is a break, supporting four three-quarter 
Doric columns with their entablature and pediment. The 
entablature is extended along the whole front, but the 
triglyphs of the frieze are confined to the centre. The upper 
windows have architraves, the lower ones cornices also, and 
that on each side the Venetian window over the entrance 
has a pediment. The whole facade is of granite-stone : 
extending from the basement, and of the same height, 
are two sweeping colonnades of the Tuscan order, ter- 
minating in elegant pavilions, (designed by F. Trench, Esq. ) 
one of which is the entrance to the Rotunda, the other the 
Porter's Lodge. A handsome court-yard in front throws the 
hospital 40 feet back from the street ; this is enclosed by 
an iron balustrade resting on a dwarf wall. This building 
is after a design of Mr. Cassels, the architect of the Bank 
of Ireland and the Dublin Society House. 



THE LYING-IN-HOSPITAL CHAPEL. 

The principal entrance to the hospital is in the south 
front, and leads to a handsome hall, the ceiling of which 
is supported by columns : this room would be grand, were it 
not too low. On one side of the hall on a bracket, stands 
a well-executed bust of Dr. Mosse, the founder of the 
hospital, and immediately opposite a bust of Mr. Dcane, 
who bequeathed a considerable sum to the support of the 
institution. Under the former is a large baptismal font of 
veined marble, the gift of Robert Downes, Lord Bishop 
of Raphoc. 

A handsome broad flight of stone steps leads to the 
chapel over the grand hall, a room about 40 feet square, 
furnished with pews of mahogany, and a gallery sup- 



37G ROTUNDA ROOMS. 

ported by pillars ; an entablature extending round the 
chapel beneath the front pannels of the gallery is hand- 
somely ornamented with gilding. The stucco-work of 
the ceiling is not only remarkably curious and beautiful, 
but in a style totally different from any work of the kind 
in this city. Over the communion-table is a console sup- 
porting a Iamb in alto relievo, with a richly decorated 
canopy above it, and on each side an angel, as large as life, 
reclining upon it. On the north side of the ceiling, in a 
deep arched recess, is Faith, with a crucifix in her hand, in a 
recumbent posture ; over the communion-table, in a similar 
recess, is Charity with infants ; and on the south side, 
Hope. Above the organ is Moses with the tables, and, 
corresponding to him, an angel blowing a trumpet. All 
those figures are in alto relievo, of the size of life. The 
design of this beautiful piece of workmanship was given 
by Cremillon, a French artist, and he was assisted in the 
execution by the two Francini, Italian sculptors. It is 
much to be regretted, that those distinguished artists were 
not engaged in any other public establishment while they 
remained in Ireland, There is a house in Rutland- 
square, the residence of Alderman James, the stucco-work 
of which was executed by the Francini. This was built 
by Dr. Mosse for his private residence. 



ROTUNDA ROOMS. 



Adjoining the Lying-in-Hospital are a suite of rooms 
of elegant arrangement, and in dimensions exceeding the 
Public Rooms of Bath or Edinburgh. The principal en- 
trance to the Rotunda is from Sackville-strect, through the 
East Pavilion, into a waiting-hall for servants, connnu- 



NEW ROOMS. — RUTLAND-SQUARE. 377 

nicating with the vestibule adjoining the Great Room. 
This room, which is after the design of Mr. Enson, is 80 
feet in diameter, and 40 in height. The walls are orna- 
mented by 18 Corinthian pilasters, resting on pedestals, 
and supporting a continued entablature ; in the intervals, 
between the pilasters, are windows enriched with stucco- 
work and surmounted by triangular pediments. The 
ceiling is handsomely ornamented with stucco, and consists 
of concentrical divisions sub-divided by semi-radii. The 
general appearance is greatly disfigured by a projecting 
orchestra. To the west of this is a card-room, 56 feet by 
24, and opposite, a tea-room of the same dimensions. On 
the north, another vestibule conduct s to the ball-room, a 
spacious apartment 86 feet by 40. The walls are orna- 
mented by coupled pillars, supporting flat canopies at in- 
tervals along each side of the room, and banners, shields 
and various ornamented trophies are suspended in dif- 
ferent places. 

Over this splendid apartment is another of equal size, 
and more light and elegant in appearance, though not so 
richly ornamented. On the same floor are two smaller 
apartments, over the tea and card rooms, which are let 
for public exhibitions. 



NEW ROOMS. RUTLAND-SQUARE. 

The front of the New Rooms, in Cavendish-row, is of 
granite-stone, after the design of Mr. Richard Johnston, 
and Frederick Trench, Esq., a gentleman of fortune and 
rank. It consists of a rusticated basement story, on 
which, in the centre, are four three-quarter Doric 



_ 



378 WESTMORELAND LOCK HOSPITAL. 

columns, supporting a pediment, in the tympanum of 
which are the arms of Ireland, the crest of the Duke of 
Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who laid the foun- 
dation stone of these buildings, 17th of July, 1785, and 
the star of the Order of St. Patrick ; and at each end are 
two coupled pilasters. 

The emoluments of all the concerts, balls and exhibi- 
tions, constantly held in these rooms, are devoted to the 
benefit of the hospital solely ; but these advantages are 
greatly diminished of late, and some other sources of in- 
come wholly destroyed, — for instance, a tax on private 
sedan chairs ; there were, when this hospital was founded 
260 private sedans in Dublin, whereas at present, there 
are not more than six. 



WESTMORELAND LOCK HOSPITAL.— TOWN- 
SEND-STREET. 

This hospital was opened 20th November, 1792, for 
the reception of persons of both sexes labouring under the 
venereal disease. Under the administration of the Earl 
of Westmoreland, it was determined to provide an hos- 
pital for this purpose, capable of containing 300 beds ; 
for a temporary one having been previously established 
near Donnybrook, it was found impracticable to procure 
a regular attendance on the part of the medical officers, 
owing, no doubt, to the distance from town. Government, 
therefore, entered into a negociation with the Governors of 
the hospital of incurables, then occupying the site of the 
present building, and an exchange of premises was agreed 
on. The front, which is plain, is of hewn mountain- 



WESTMORELAND LOCK HOSPITAL.' 379 

granite ; the centre and wings project a little, and the 
former surmounted by a triangular pediment, having an 
aperture for a clock, which, however, has not been erected. 
In the centre are the apartments for officers, &c. The 
wings and additional buildings furnish the wards for the 
patients. The entrance for the patients seeking admis- 
sion is in Luke-street, the hospital being situated at the 
comer of this and Townsend-street ; a situation formerly- 
known under the name of Lazar's Hill. No establish- 
ment has undergone more changes in its internal admi- 
nistration : it was at first attended by medical officers 
without salaries, but the attendance becoming irregular, 
it was deemed expedient not only to reduce the number 
of surgeons from ten to five, but to allow them salaries ; 
two, under the denomination of senior surgeons, have ten 
shillings per day, and three, styled assistants, have 50/. per 
annum ; the former to be appointed by Government, the 
latter by the Board of Directors ; both, however, confined 
to the members and licentiates of the College of Surgeons 
in Ireland ; it was afterwards deemed advisable, that the 
office of senior surgeon should be held for seven years 
only. 

The Board of Governors formerly consisted solely of 
medical persons, but latterly the constitution of the Board 
has been altered, as also that of the charity itself, for the 
hospital was originally intended for venereal patients of 
both sexes ; but government have, within the last year, 
given orders that only females shall be admitted, and that 
the number of beds shall be reduced to 150, half the original 
number. The bad consequences of refusing admission to 
male patients have been in some degree obviated, by pre- 
paring accommodation at Steevens's Hospital for forty, and 
at the Richmond Surgical Hospital for thirty such patients ; 



380 HOSPITAL OF ST. MARK AND ST. ANNE. 

but it is to be apprehended that very serious inconvenience 
may arise from the want of sufficient accommodation for 
all who apply. It is to be observed, on the other hand, 
that the forming a separate establishment for each sex, 
promises the greatest utility; and even in the short space 
of time which has elapsed since the new modeling of the 
Institution, several reformations have been wrought, and 
in many instances unfortunate females have been restored 
to their families. The strictest economy has been 
adopted in carrying these alterations into effect ; instead 
of two physicians at 50/. each, two senior surgeons at 
182/. 10s. each, and three juniors at 50/., the medical 
department now is limited to a non-resident and resident 
surgeon. On the 4th of March, 1820, the hospital ceased 
to receive male patients, and has been placed under the 
controul of a board appointed by his Excellency the Lord 
Lieutenant. 

The officers of this Institution are a senior surgeon, a 
resident ditto, a resident apothecary, a steward, and an 
accountant. 



UNITED HOSPITAL OF ST. MARK AND ST. 
ANNE.— MARK-STREET. 

This small hospital was opened in Mark-street, in 
1808, for the relief of the poor, whether for surgical or 
medical cases. The establishment had previously been 
conducted in Francis-street, but the number of hospitals 
provided for that part of the city, about the year 1814, 
rendered this unnecessary. Accordingly, the governors 
very wisely determined to transfer it where there was a 
want of such institutions ; for although Sir Patrick Dun's 
Hospital was at this time building, yet it did not promise 



FEVER HOSPITAL.— CORK-STREET. 381 

lo be speedily completed, at least it was probable that it 
would be some time before the funds would enable it to 
be effective. This supposition was in some degree veri- 
fied, for it was not until 1819 that the latter hospital 
began to afford any extensive relief; even yet it is not 
capable of receiving- all the patients who apply: it is 
therefore to be wondered at, that the hospital* of St. 
Mark and St. Anne should be so much neglected by the 
public, as to be actually incapable of supporting the ten 
beds which it contains. Such a neglect is the more to 
be regretted, as it often happens that the proportional 
advantage of small establishments is greater than that 
afforded by extensive institutions. 

Yet although the funds are inadequate to the support 
of hospital accommodation, they are sufficient to provide 
very extensive Dispensary relief for the poor of this neigh- 
bourhood, who, through the joint operations of this, Sir 
Patrick Dun's Hospital, the Dublin General Dispensary, 
and the parochial relief afforded by Mark's parish, are 
now tolerably well supplied with medical assistance. 

There are two physicians, four surgeons, and a trea- 
surer, by all of whom subscriptions are received. Children 
are vaccinated here every day ; the hour of attendance 
from 11 to 12. 



FEVER HOSPITAL.— CORK-STREET. 

The Fever Hospital, or House of Recovery, in Cork- 
street, the most extensive institution of the kind in Great 
Britain or Ireland, was founded chiefly by the exertions 
of a committee of mercantile gentlemen, principally of 
the religious sect, aptly denominated the Society oi 



382 FEVER HOSPITAL. — CORK-STREET. 

Friends, by whom the adoption of hospitals for the recep- 
tion of persons afflicted with fever alone, seemed to be 
urgently demanded. 

The subject having attracted the notice of government 
in the session of 1802, on the recommendation of his Ex- 
cellency the Earl of Hardwicke, then Lord Lieutenant, a 
sum of 1,000/. was voted towards erecting a building, 
and 500/. towards the annual support of an establishment 
for the reception of fever patients residing in that part of 
the city which comprises the liberties on the south side of 
the LifFey. Liberal contributions were immediately made 
by private subscription, which, in a very short time, 
amounted to 10,000/., and have since received further aug- 
mentation. The original design extended to forty beds 
only, but the subscriptions so far exceeded the expecta- 
tions of the worthy founders, that they felt themselves 
justified in enlarging their plan, and accordingly deter- 
mined on the erection of an hospital capable of containing, 
in case of emergency, 120 beds. The first stone was laid 
April 24th, 1802, and the house was opened May 14th, 
1S04, for the reception of eighty patients. It is most ad- 
vantageously situated, being near the district for relief 
of which it was established, and possessing good air and 
abundance of water. The site is on the south side of 
Cork-street, in a field of somewhat less than three acres. 
The hospital, when first erected, consisted of two parallel 
buildings, 89 feet by 30, three stories high, running north 
and south, and connected by a colonnade of 116 feet. 
The eastern building is used for fever, the western for 
convalescent patients ; tins arrangement was adopted, in 
order to prevent, as much as possible, the communication 
of contagion. Westerly winds being more prevalent here 
than easterly, the windows of these buildings have all 



FEVER HOSPITAL. — CORK-STREET. 283 

either an eastern or western aspect, in order as much as 
possible to promote ventilation and avoid the inconve- 
nience of the southern sun. The wards in these buildings 
are small and not very lofty, being only 16 feet by 11 ft. 
3 in., and 10 j feet high, and are arranged on each side of 
the galleries, which run the length of the building. They 
are ventilated by the chimney, which is opposite the door, 
by the window, and by a tube from the ceiling communi- 
cating with louvres in the roof. The galleries communi- 
cate by gratings placed vertically over each other. The 
apartments of the officers were originally in the western 
wing, but they have since been removed to the centre, 
which was built in 1808, for the purpose of affording ad- 
ditional accommodation ; and thus, the number of beds 
was increased to 144. 

This circumstance, together with the increase of the 
parliamentary grant, which in 1805 was made 1,000/. 
per annum, induced the governors to extend the district 
to the relief of which the hospital was to be applicable ; 
they therefore determined to take in patients from all parts 
of the city, south of the Liffey; and in 1809, declared 
themselves ready to admit them from all parts of 
Dublin within the Circular Road. But in the lapse of a few 
years, they found, notwithstanding the establishment of 
the Hardwicke Fever Hospital, that their accommodation 
was still inadequate to the number of applicants ; accord- 
ingly, in 1814, a fourth building, much larger than any of 
the former was erected, by winch the hospital was ren- 
dered capable of containing altogether 200* beds, which is 
its present establishment. 

* In the year 1818, when famine crowded the hospitals every where 
throughout Ireland, the number of beds in this hospital was laeTCMBl ' " 
260.— See Reports of Managing Committee for lb IS. 



-^- 



384 FRYER HOSPITAL. — CORK-STREET. 

In the construction of the fourth building, the system of 
large wards has been adopted ; it stands to the south of 
the east wing, (as may be distinctly seen in the map,) and 
is ventilated by windows in the eastern and western 
sides. A more particular description of this building, as 
well as of the causes which rendered it necessary, may be 
found in the annual reports of this Institution, by the 
Managing Committee and Physicians. The hospital is 
supplied with ample offices, coal=vaults, &c. ; and a 
laundry, perhaps the most perfect establishment of the 
kind attached to any institution, public or private, has 
lately been erected at a great expense. The principal 
part of the labour is perfonned by means of an elegant 
steam-engine, and not more than two persons are em- 
ployed during one day in each week for washing an im- 
mense quantity of mien, blankets, &c. In adjusting the 
proportion between the beds for fever and those for con- 
valescent patients, the governors were directed by the 
experience of the Fever Hospital at "Waterford, where 
the number of patients and convalescents was found to be 
as three to two ; it soon, however, appeared that this was 
not the case here. 

The affairs of the institution are conducted by a com- 
mittee of twenty-one persons, fifteen of whom were 
elected 23rd October, 1801, for life, and six others are 
selected annually from the subscribers; this committee 
meets every Tuesday, and it is but justice to observe, 
that the same zeal which characterised its exertions in 
the founding of the institution remain entirely unabated ; 
perhaps no public charity was ever conducted with so 
much assiduity, skill, and integrity, as the Cork-street 
Fever Hospital. 
At the first opening of the hospital, the medical de* 



FEVER HOSPITAL. — CORK-STREET. 385 

partment consisted of three physicians and one surgeon ; 
but the number has been since increased to six permanent 
attendants, (besides whom, two others are occasionally 
employed), one surgeon and an apothecary. 

Three physicians attend the hospital daily, and the 
others are employed in visiting, at their own homes, the 
applicants for admission. The internal attendance is 
taken in turn by the physicians, each set attending one 
month in succession ; their salaries are small at first, but 
are gradually augmented, until, at the expiration of three 
years, they are allowed 100/. annually. The surgeon re- 
ceives 50/. per annum, and one guinea for every difficult 
case which he attends. The temporary physicians do not 
receive a fixed salary, but are allowed occasionally a re- 
muneration proportioned to the attendance they haw 
given during the year. These salaries and allowances, 
together with those of the minor officers and servants, 
amount to upwards of 1,600/. per annum ; the average 
annual expense, for the last six years, has been about 
6,500/. ; and for the nine years, terminating January 5th, 
1821, it has been 4,600/., independently of the buildings 
erected in the mean time. This expenditure is chiefly 
defrayed by a parliamentary grant ; the subscriptions and 
funded property amount to about 1,000/. a year- Since 
the opening of the hospital (Hth May, 1801,) to May 
11th, 1821, about 42,500 patients have been admitted ; 
the mortality has been 1 in 16'. No recommendation is 
necessary in order to procure admission, but on notice 
being left at the hospital, the applicant is inspected by a 
physician on extern duty, and, if found to be affected with 
fever, removed. 

Among the duties of the physicians is that of publish- 
ing, annually, a Medical Report of the Institution, and t<» 



380 SIR PATRICK DUN'S HOSPITAL. 

this regulation, the medical world is indebted for some of 
the most valuable documents on the subject of the treat- 
ment of fever, and the nature of those causes which tend 
to promote or check the diffusion of the disease. 

Subscriptions are received at the bank of Messrs. 
George La Touche and Co., treasurers. 



SIR PATRICK DUN'S HOSPITAL.-GRAND 
CANAL-STREET. 

This hospital owes its existence to the celebrated prac- 
titioner of physic, whose name it bears. He had be- 
queathed his estates, situated in the county of Waterford, 
for the establishment of a professorship or professorships in 
the College of Physicians ; but the executors having failed 
in the execution of Ins will, the trust was vested by the 
Court of Chancery in the College of Physicians ; in con- 
sequence of which, three professorships were appointed, 
viz. Practice of Medicine, Institutes of Medicine, and 
Materia Medica. The estates having increased in value, 
the income of the professors was so liberal as to render 
the instruction of pupils an object of little import- 
ance : an act was therefore passed 25th Geo. III., limiting 
the salaries of the above professors to 100/. per annum, 
and directing that, clinical patients should be supported by 
the surplus arising from the estates, after the salaries of 
the three professors had been deducted ; a provision was 
likewise made, that, previous to the completion of the hos- 
pital which was intended for the reception of clinical 
patients, it might be lawful for the College of Physicians 
to support thirty patients in any of the hospitals in the 



SIR PAIUCK dun's hospital. 3S7 

city, the governors of which might be willing to permit 
them for a time to occupy a part of their establishment 
without charging for rent. Accordingly, the Governors of 
Mercer's Hospital permitted thirty patients, the number 
appointed by the Act of Parliament, to be lodged in their 
hospital without making any charge for the occupation 
of the wards. An act, passed 40th Geo. III., directed that 
the surplus of the estates, after supporting the thirty 
patients above alluded to, and after the completion of an 
hospital for their reception, should be applied to the ex- 
tending of that hospital, so as to render it capable of ac- 
commodating 100 patients. Both these objects have been 
completed, partly by the produce arising from the estates, 
partly by parliamentary grants, and partly by private 
contributions. Of the money granted by parliament, 
about * 9,000/. has been expended on the building, the re- 
mainder of the expense having been defrayed out of the 
funds of Sir Patrick Dun, assisted by private subscriptions. 
Owing to considerable difficulty in procuring ground, the 
commissioners were forced to fix on a site in the low, 
marshy grounds, extending from Mount-street to the river ; 
it was at first apprehended, that this position would prove 
most unfavourable, but, owing to the precautions adopted 
m building, all inconvenience has been avoided, and the ex- 
cavations have served, in conjunction with other means, to 
elevate the site of the house far above the level of the low 
grounds, and even above that of the Grand Canal, which 
lays near it, and would have otherwise had rendered it 
damp and unwholesome. The front, which is towards 

* See Report on Sir P. Dun's Hospital, made to the Commissioners 
of Inquiry, by James Clcghorn, M. D.— Embodied in Report on CharL» 
table Institutions — Dublin, 181,9. 

cc2 



SIR PATRICK DUN S HOSPITAL. 

the north-east, is of mountain-granite, extends about 194 
feet, and consists of a centre with two advancing pa- 
vilions or wings, all of which are two stories in height. 
The middle of the former is decorated with four Ionic 
columns resting on the plinth, dividing the ground-floor 
from the upper one, and supporting an entablature with a 
cantiliver cornice ; on the frieze is the following inscrip- 
tion in gilt characters : — 

Nosocomium Patricii Dun Eq. Aurat. 

In the intercolumns are three windows with pediments ; 
these are the only ones which have dressings, the others 
being quite plain, but have oblong pannels above them. 
Above the columns rises a kind of ornamental attic, de- 
corated with breaks, pannels, and a clock. The eleva- 
tion of the wings is three windows in width; those of the 
ground-floor are circular-headed and placed within 
arches. The upper floor has only two windows, viz. one 
on each side a niche that is placed within a square 
pannel, dressed like a window, the whole composition 
being recessed in an arcade. 

The ground story of the centre is occupied by apart- 
ments for the matron and apothecary, pupils' waiting-room 
and theatre, in which the lectures are delivered: all 
of these open from a handsome hall with a beautiful 
staircase of mountain-granite. Above them are the 
board room of the College of Physicians, that of the 
governors, and the library, the last being placed in the 
centre ; here are also two rooms originally intended for 
the use of the professors, one of them is now a dormitory 
for the provider. The remainder of the centre is allotted 
to the apothecary's shop and the museum of the professor 
of Materia Medica. The patients' wards are situated in 



SIR PATRICK DUN'S HOSPITAL. 380 

the wings, those in the lower story are designed for 
chronic patients, and those on the upper floor for fevers ; the 
ceilings are all arched, and the floors flagged with granite. 
The upper story is not similarly arranged on both sides, 
being divided, on the side appropriated to females, (the 
right wing,) into small chambers capable of accommodat- 
ing about five patients each ; there are on this floor ten 
apartments, one of which is used for the nurses' room 
and six as wards; they are tolerably lofty and well 
ventilated ; all the upper story of the other side (the left 
wing) is thrown into one ward, subdivided by partitions, 
ten feet high, into six compartments, with passages, two 
38 feet by 13, and four 16 square. The height of the 
ward is 21 feet. 

This mode of arrangement is more adverse to the pro- 
pagation of infectious diseases than the division of the 
whole into separate wards of small dimensions, the com- 
partments above alluded to communicate so freely with 
the great body of air in the upper part of the ward, that 
the ventilation is as perfect as if the partitions were re- 
moved, while it is certain that the partition is of the 
greatest service, hindering the currents of air which rush 
horizontally over the patients wherever the ventilation is 
abundant m a large sized ward. This mode, therefore, 
combines in itself all the advantages and obviates the 
disadvantages which have been observed to arise from 
large or small wards separately ; and the experience of 
several years has shown, that many more nurses are af- 
fected with contagious diseases in the female wards than 
in this. 

The hospital is capable of affording accommodation to 
100 patients, but the funds are not adequate to the main- 
tenance of more than sixty. Such persons as arc not 



390 SIR PATRICK DUN'S HOSPITAL. 

exactly objects of eleemosynary relief, are admitted on 
their subscribing 1/. 10s. in case they labour under an 
acute disease, or 2/. 10s. if under a chronic one, a measure 
that has been found both prudent and benevolent. 

Thirty beds are set apart for the use of the School of 
Physic, the occupants of which form the subjects of the 
clinical lectures delivered twice a week during the me- 
dical session, which lasts from the first Monday in No- 
vember to the first Monday in May. The professors of 
the School of Physic deliver these lectures in rotation for 
three months at a time, so that two professors attend each 
winter. The clinical professor is paid three guineas by 
each pupil for his course of lectures, and the pupils pay for 
admission to the hospital one guinea per annum, if they 
are of a certain standing (junior sophistes) in Trinity 
College, and six guineas if not. 

After the deduction of 900/. per annum for the pro- 
fessors' and librarians' salaries, ground rent, officers' and 
servants' salaries, and nearly 180/. annually for head and 
quit rents of the estates bequeathed by Sir Patrick Dun, 
there remains about 2,200/. per annum, applicable to the 
support of patients. The establishment consists of a 
physician in ordinary, assistant surgeon, apothecary, re- 
gistrar and provider, treasurer and matron. In addition 
to their salaries, the resident officers are allowed coals and 
candles. 

This establishment is under the government of a board 
of twenty-two persons, whereof twelve are chosen an- 
nually from the subscribers, and sixteen are governors ex 
officio, viz. the Lord Chancellor, three Chief Justices, the 
President, and the four Censors of the College of Physi- 
cians, and the Provost of Trinity College. 

Life subscribers of twenty guineas may send two pa- 



WHITWORTH HOSPITAL. — BRUNSW1CK-ST. 391 

tients every year ; those of thirty guineas may always have 
one in the house, and those who pay four guineas an- 
nually can have one patient in the house constantly during 
the year. 



WHITWORTH HOSPITAL— BRUNSWICK- 
STREET. 

The house in Brunswick-street, now called the Rich- 
mond Surgical Hospital, was originally provided for the 
reception of surgical patients, but not being sufficient, 
it was determined, under.the permission of Lord Whit- 
worth, then Lord Lieutenant, to erect an hospital for the 
accommodation of the chronic medical patients. It is 
a plain stone building of two stories, independently of the 
under-ground one. The front, which has a northern aspect, 
and faces the House of Industry at a distance of about 
200 yards, has no other ornament than a plain triangular 
pediment over the centre, below which the name of the 
hospital and the date of its foundation are inscribed on 
the frieze beneath a plain stone cornice ; the centre con- 
tains a hall, physicians' room and staircase at either side ; 
above is a large room, used as a dormitory for clinical 
clerks, and adjoining are smaller apartments allotted to 
them for parlours and sitting-rooms ; at the extremities 
of the building are situated the wards for the patients, 
six on each floor, two of which, intended as private 
wards, contain only one bed ; the others about ten beds 
each. 

The clinical clerks supply the place of resident me- 
dical officers ; they visit the wards in the absence of the 
physician, and, in case of urgency, take such steps a* 



892 RICHMOND SURGICAL HOSPITAL. 

seem necessary. The hospital was originally designed, 
not only for the accommodation of such of the inmates 
of the House of Industry as might happen to be af- 
flicted with chronic medical complaints, but for the relief 
of paupers from all parts of the city, who might not be 
able to procure assistance from other hospitals ; yet from 
the great accumulation of chronic cases in the House of 
Industry, and through motives of economy on the part 
of government, it now receives no patients from the city, 
and thus the poor affected with such maladies are again 
left almost entirely destitute of any medical asylum. 
This hospital forms a branch of the House of Industry, 
and is supported out of the fund granted annually by 
parliament for the support of that institution. The 
physicians are the three senior physicians to the House of 
Industry, who visit daily. 



RICHMOND SURGICAL HOSPITAL. 

The Richmond Hospital, Brunswick-street, serving as 
the Surgical Hospital to the House of Industry, contains 
130 patients, who are selected by the surgeons according 
to the urgency of their disease, and without any refer- 
ence whatsoever to recommendations. From this it would 
appear, that in the foundation of their institutions it was 
in the contemplation of the legislature, to furnish accom- 
modation and relief, not only for cases requiring hospital 
treatment which might occur in the House of Industry, 
but for the destitute and friendless of any description, 
so many of whom are to be found in this populous city ; 
and also for cures of sudden accidents, and for all persons 



RICHMOND SURGICAL HOSPITAL. 393 

who may be unable to procure admission into other 
hospitals. 

Tins building, which was fonnerly a nunnery, is ill- 
adapted for its present purpose, the wards being low and 
small ; the inconvenience, however, likely to result from 
their defects, are in a great degree prevented by the 
strictest attention to cleanliness and ventilation. The 
late Duke of Richmond, when Viceroy, recommended 
the erection of an operative theatre, with cloisters 
adjoining, for patients after operation. This is an exten- 
sive building, and is also suited, not only to perform, but 
also to serve for lectures. It contains a valuable col- 
lection of professional books, for the use of the students, 
which is likely to become very extensive, and which was 
provided at the private expense of the surgeons and their 
pupils. 

This hospital is attended by three surgeons, who visit 
their respective departments daily. Two of their senior 
pupils are permitted by the board to reside in the hos- 
pital, one of whom is in constant attendance. The ex- 
tensive practical experience which this and Steevens's 
hospital afford, has greatly contributed to raise the 
science of surgery in Ireland to its present exalted 
rank. 

During the last year, several of the most important 
operations for the American mode of amputation of the 
thigh joint, the removal of large tumors, ike. have been 
performed here. 

The institution for the relief of the ruptured poor in 
Ireland has been lately placed, by order of the Lord 
Lieutenant, under the direction of this establishment. 



394 WHITWORTH FEVER HOSPITAL. 

ST. GEORGE'S HOUSE OF RECOVERY.— 
GEORGE'S-PLACE, DORSET-STREET. 

The same reasons which operated towards the in- 
stitution of the Whitworth Fever Hospital, (for which see 
next page,) led to the establishment of St. George's 
Hospital, in fact, some of the very same individuals who 
were originally concerned in the management, and who, 
from some cause or other, had seceded, were those who 
were chiefly instrumental to the opening of the former. 
The building is situated on the same premises, and at- 
tended by the same officers, as the Dispensary for the 
poor of George's parish. The object of the institution is 
to afford an asylum to those who are unable to defray 
the expense of medical attendance at home, and yet are 
in circumstances which prevent them from seeking ad- 
mission into other hospitals, where, if admitted, it must 
>e on the supposition of their being paupers ; indeed, the 
subscriptions paid by the patients on their admission are 
more than sufficient to discharge the actual expense of 
their support, including the attendance of servants, 
maintenance, &c. They pay one guinea per week, during 
their stay in the house. The Dispensary is attended 
every morning at ten o'clock. The patron is the Lord 
Lieutenant ; there are a president, (the Duke of Leinster,) 
treasurer, physician, consulting ditto, and a consulting 
surgeon. 



WHITWORTH FEVER HOSPITAL, NEAR 
DRUMCONDRA. 

The great distance of the northern extremity of the 
town from the Fever Hospital in Cork-street, induced 



WHITWORTH FEVER HOSPITAL. 395 

.several individuals to establish one for the accommo- 
dation of the north-eastern part of the city, accordingly, 
about 1816, they determined to commence a building foi 
that purpose, which they opened the 1st May, 1818, 
under the title of the Whit worth Fever Hospital. It is 
situated at the third lock of the Royal Canal, near 
Drumcondra, outside the city, and is a plain building of 
brick, with an entablature of granite, on which are the 
name and date. 

The construction is somewhat extraordinary; in the 
floor of each story is laid down a large tube opening to 
the external air, and communicating with the interior of 
the wards by valves in the floor, a corresponding valve 
in the ceiling serves to establish a current of air, so that 
there is at all times a sufficient ventilation. The house 
is so contrived as to be easily capable of extension, but 
it is to be lamented, that the present state of the funds 
does not render the completion of the design probable ; 
it can at present accommodate about thirty-five patients 
with tolerable ease. During the prevalence of the late 
epidemic fever, it was of considerable service to the 
north-eastern extremity of Dublin, and also to the vil- 
lages in the vicinity : the inhabitants of the neighbouring 
village, Glasnevin, (where it was found necessary to es- 
tablish a board of health, under the act of parliament,) 
contracted with the governors to receive patients from 
that place, at one guinea per head, an arrangement 
which was of the greatest service to that part of the 
suburbs, and to which may be ascribed the removal of 
the disease from that quarter. This hospital is supported 
entirely by private subscriptions ; it was the intention of 
the governors to have conducted it as nearly as possible 
according to the plan of the House of Recovery in Oork- 



396 ST. PETER'S AND ST. BRIDGET'S HOSPITAL. 

street, but the failure of the funds renders it improbable 
that they will succeed. It is much to be regretted that 
this establishment is not supported with spirit, as it is the 
proper asylum to which the sick in the part of the town 
adjoining it should apply for assistance. 

The direction is in the hands of the managing com- 
mittee, selected annually from the subscribers at large. 
Subscribers of one guinea are entitled to recommend one 
patient at a time throughout the year, but in cases of 
urgency persons are admitted without this form. 

There are a patron, president, four physicians, apo- 
thecary, matron and registrar attached to this hospital. 



ST. PETER'S AND ST. BRIDGET'S HOSPITAL. 

This institution was founded in 1810, at the sole ex- 
pense of John Kirby, Esq. Member of the Royal College 
of Surgeons in Ireland, by whose exertions principally it 
has been supported since its foundation. The hospital 
has accommodation for five and thirty patients. 

During a time when famine and a pestilent disease 
destroyed the poor, and extended their alarming con- 
sequences to the habitations of comfort and of opulence, 
this institution sought amongst the abodes of the 
wretched for its objects, and received within its walls 
many who otherwise would have pined in nakedness, 
poverty and disease. 

To several thousand extern patients it annually af- 
fords advice and medicine, and still admits to a parti- 
cipation of its advantages, the sick and friendless. Beds 
are always ready for the reception of accidents, and for 



^ 



ROYAT. MILITARY INFIRMARY. 307 

all cases requiring- the performance of severe and 
dangerous operations. 

Connected with this institution, there is a theatre in 
which lectures are delivered on anatomy and surgery, by 
Mr. Kirby and Mr. Daniell. 

There is also an excellent anatomical collection, which 
promises to rival any private museum in the sister 
countries. 

Two courses of lectures are annually delivered — that 
in the summer by Mr. Daniell; and the winter course on 
anatomy, physiology, pathology, and surgery, by Mr. 
Kirby and Mr. Daniell, by the latter of whom anatomical 
demonstrations are delivered. 



ROYAL MILITARY INFIRMARY.— PHCEXIX- 
PARK. 

Tins hospital is designed for the reception of such of 
the sick soldiers of the garrison of Dublin as cannot be 
accommodated in the regimental hospitals attached to the 
different barracks, either for want of room, or because 
the diseases they labour under render them unfit for the 
smaller establishments; and, for want of accommodation 
here, government has occasionally rented the upper story 
of Steevens's Hospital at 500/. per annum, and allowed 
the governors, in addition, the sums expended in the 
support of their patients, who were generally from forty 
to sixty. 

The building stands near the south-eastern gate of the 
Phcenix-park ; it is delightfully situated on an eminence 
forming a natural terrace, round which a stream winding, 



39S ROYAL MILITARY INFIRMARY, 

serves as well for utility as ornament, supplying cohl 
baths, situated at the foot of the terrace, so as to be 
completely obscured from the view of the house; the 
ground on the opposite side of this stream rises as 
suddenly, thus forming a ravine, by which the grounds of 
the infirmary are separated from the rest of the park. 
It was impossible that the site could have been selected 
with greater taste and judgment, it being most salu- 
brious, and commanding a fine prospect, in which are 
visible the Wellington Testimonial ; the river Liffey in 
the valley with Sarah-bridge; the Old Man's Hospital, or 
Royal Infirmary ; the cultivated enclosures belonging to 
the commander of the forces ; and the Dublin and Wick- 
low Mountains in the distance. The building presents a 
handsome elevation of granite, after a design of Mr. 
Gibson, consisting of a centre, (surmounted by a 
handsome cupola, containing a clock,) and projecting pa- 
vilions at the ends. The interior is divided into thirteen 
wards, seven of which are devoted to the accommodation 
of medical, and six to that of surgical patients ; in the 
centre building, the lower part i& occupied principally by 
the officers ; the upper part is used for wards ; and the 
hall has been fitted up as a chapel, where Divine Service 
is regularly performed every Sunday morning. The wards 
are convenient, and the nurses' apartments and bath rooms 
are well arranged. Behind, the centre and returning 
wings form three sides of a court; the fourth is a building 
detached from the others, and serving for the reception of 
such patients as labour under febrile or contagious diseases; 
it contains also a few cells on the ground floor for ma- 
niacal patients. The hospital is visited daily by the 
physician general, who is ex officio physician to it. 
The surgeon general and the staff surgeon, who are the 



ROYAL MILITARY INFIRMARY. 390 

surgeons, attend alternately, and pay the utmost at- 
tention ; and the thanks of the public are due to 
the late physician general, (Dr. Perceval,) who, by the 
most indefatigable exertions, succeeded in reforming some 
serious abuses which had crept into the establishment. 

The officers are, a physician, surgeon general, staff 
surgeon, apothecary, resident surgical officer, steward, 
deputy ditto, and chaplain. 

The hospital is under the management of a board of 
commissioners appointed ex officio, viz. Commander of 
the Forces, Lieutenants-general, Majors-general, Quarter- 
master-general, Deputy Vice-treasurer, Surveyor-general, 
Physician-general, Surgeon-general, and the Director- 
general of Military Hospitals. The establishment is sup- 
ported partly by a parliamentary grant, and partly by stop- 
pages from the pay of the soldiers in hospital ; this deduc- 
tion defrays about half the expense of the patient, and 
amounts to ten pence per diem; the total expense of 
supporting each patient is stated at 33/. per annum, 
including salaries to officers and servants. 

The structure, which cost 9,000/., was completed in 
1788; previously to its erection, a large building in 
James's-street was used for a military hospital, but on 
account of its dilapidated condition, and the want of 
sufficiently ample accommodation, it was abandoned, and 
this one commenced in 1786. It is particularly provided, 
that all soldiers attacked with fevers, or who have met 
with accidents, shall be forthwith removed hither, none 
but ordinary cases, or those in which there is no danger 
of the propagation of disease, being received into the regi- 
mental hospitals. Of late years, the number of patients 
has been less than formerly, so that the infirmary fa 
now adequate to the accommodation of the sick. 



400 HOSPITAL OF INCURADL1S. 



HOSPITAL OF INCURABLES.— DONNYBROOK- 
ROAD. 

In 1744, a society of musical persons, who had asso- 
ciated themselves with a view to procure contributions 
towards the support of the poor, afflicted with incurable 
complaints, opened a house in Fleet-street, for the re- 
ception of the poor so afflicted ; the society owed its ex- 
istence to the exertions of Lord Mornington, and it was 
so successful, that, in a short time, the members found 
themselves in a situation to extend their scheme ; but they 
unfortunately fell into an error common to the directors 
of most institutions of the kind in this country ; calcu- 
lating on their present success, they constructed an 
hospital on Lazar's-hill, for 100 patients, a number 
which their income was by no means adequate to sup- 
port; their funds were thus unnecessarily expended, and 
in a short time they were unable to support more than a 
dozen patients ; they then agreed to permit the governors 
of the House of Industry to send to their hospital 100 of 
such of the inmates of the former establishment as were 
incurable. In 1790, 4,000/. was bequeathed by Theo- 
bald Wolf, Esq., which was of the greatest sen-ice, and, 
two years afterwards, government offered, in exchange for 
this establishment, the Buckingham Hospital, near Don- 
nybrook, (originally designed for the small-pox, but then 
used for venereal patients,) together with the land belong- 
ing to it. The land adjoining, (fourteen acres,) serves, by 
the profits arising from it, to defray the charge of rent, 
so that the hospital is held free of expense; in 1800, 
the governors were incorporated by charter, and em- 
powered to make such bye laws as were not contrary t< 



HOSPITAL OF INCURABLES. 40) 

its spirit ; they have the power of appointing officers with 
salaries not exceeding fifty pounds ; subscribers of twenty- 
guineas, are governors for life, and those of five guineas, 
governors for one year. The patients are admitted by 
the board, who give the preference to such as most need 
relief. When 50/. has been deposited in the hands of the 
treasurer for the admission of a patient, in case of the 
demise of such patient within one year, the further sub- 
scription of 15/. entitles the subscriber to the liberty of 
filling another vacancy for life. One physician and one 
surgeon attend, and, after three years service, they are 
eligible as governors. The house accommodates seventy 
patients, having been lately enlarged, by the addition of 
a ward containing ten beds, under which is a waiting- 
room for patients, and other rooms requisite to the per- 
fect accommodation of the establishment. 

The income arises from the interest of money sub- 
scribed and bequeathed by different individuals, aided by 
a grant from goverment of 500/. per annum, and another 
from the grand jury of 100/., together with contributions 
from individuals who defray the expense of patients 
recommended by themselves. 

Consulting physician, Thomas Herbert Orpen, Esq. 
M. D. All the physicians or surgeons, members of the 
board, are ex officio consulting physicians or surgeons. 

The governors meet the third Wednesday in each month 
at the hospital, when patients are directed to present 
themselves for admission. 

Subscriptions and benefactions are received by Peter 
La Touche, Esq. the treasurer, at the bank, in Castle- 
street. 



402 HOUSE OF INDUSTRY. 



HOUSE OF INDUSTRY. 

The House of Industry deserves more detail than the 
limits of this sketch will allow, whether we consider the 
imperious claims on humanity of the cases here admitted, 
the order, neatness and regularity pervading every de- 
partment, or the moderate expense of 51. 3s, 6d. yearly, 
for the maintenance and clothing of each individual 
pauper. The number in the house, July the 4th, 1S21, 
was 1,739, consisting of aged and infirm, such as require 
medical or surgical treatment, or paupers incurably in- 
sane ; the last description of persons being removed to 
the House of Industry, from the Richmond Lunatic 
Asylum, which is exclusively reserved for curable patients ; 
— all have their separate beds. Under the system lately 
adopted, paupers from the county and city of Dublin 
only, are admissible. 

At the origin of this establishment, in 1772, paupers 
from all parts of Ireland, and from any country, under 
every species of distress, were admitted ; vagrants and 
prostitutes were also confined here, with a view to their 
reformation, and it is not a little singular that this com- 
prehensive plan was found practicable, from the com- 
mencement of the present century, when the dietary was 
remodeled, to the year 1815 ; after which period two suc- 
cessive years of scarcity, forcing 4,000 paupers into this 
asylum, followed by two successive years of epidemic, 
cast 700 fever patients on its daily care, and ren- 
dered the population of the house perilously dense, and 
the duty of superintendence laborious in the extreme. 

For its present improved organization, reduction of 
number, and proportionate reduction of expenditure, the 



FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. -J AMES's-STREET. 403 

public are indebted to Mr. Peel, late chief secretary of 
Ireland. 

There are eleven acres of ground belonging to this 
establishment, partly covered by two squares of building-, 
one for the aged and infirm, and one for the insane ; 
there are also 137 cells for the more refractory of the last 
class; besides three hospitals, detached from the main 
building, and from each other, for fever, chronic, medical, 
and surgical cases ; and in addition to these arrangements, 
the Talbot Dispensary affords medical and surgical relief 
daily, to the extreme poor of the north-west quarter of 
the city ; their average weekly number is 312. (See Hard- 
wicke Fever Hospital, and Richmond Lunatic Asylum.) 

The penitentiaries, auxiliary fever hospitals, and other 
branches, hitherto attached to the House of Industry, 
having been lately discontinued, or placed under other 
controul, the remaining duty of superintendence has been 
committed to one resident governor and seven visiters, 
who hold their meetings weekly ; the amount of the last 
parliamentary grant, for 1821, was 21,233/. 6s. 8c?. Irish 
currency. 



FOUNDLING HOSPITAL.— JAMES'S-STREET. 

The building now used for the purposes of a Foundling 
Hospital was originally designed as an asylum for the aged 
and infirm, and to a few lunatic patients, and as a work- 
house for vagrants capable of labour. It was founded in 
1704, with no other property than 100/. a year, and a 
piece of ground, containing fourteen acres; these resources 
were by no means adequate to the expense of such an 
establishment, and accordingly, fourteen years after, a 
tf d2 



404 FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. — J AMES's-STREET. 

new corporation was formed, consisting of several persons 
of the highest rank, amongst others, the lord mayor, 
sheriffs and clergy of the city. The ordinary affairs of the 
institution were conducted by a court of no less than 
fifteen persons chosen from the body of governors at 
large ; the establishment was originally for the recep- 
tion of all beggars and children above six years old, 
those below that age being supported by their respective 
parishes, and its revenue arose from an estate of 113/. 
a year, a tax on carriages plying for hire, and three pence 
in the pound, according to the valuation of the minister's 
money, on every house within the city and liberties of 
Dublin; but in 1730, it was found necessary to open the 
house for children of all ages. It was at this period that 
the institution received the appellation of the Foundling 
Hospital and Workhouse, and it continued without alte- 
ration until 1774, when the governors determined not to 
receive children after the age of twelve months. All the 
healthy children were put out to nurse, with women who 
undertook the care of the infants for a small annual al- 
lowance, which was increased by a premium, in case the 
nurse acquitted herself to the satisfaction of the governors; 
and, since that period, the objects of relief of the institu- 
tion, have been children only; the average number 
annually admitted for the last nine years has been 
about 1940. 

The front of the dining-hall, towards the great en- 
trance from James's-street, has no beauty, although 
some affectation of ornament. The centre has one series 
of lofty arched windows, three on each side the break in 
the middle, in which is the door, (heavily decorated with 
pilasters, pediment within pediment, scrolls, foliage, &c.) 
and a window on either side. This break is crowned by a 



FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. — J AMES's-STItEET. 405 

pediment, above which is seen an octangular turret, with 
a clock ; at either extremity of the building is a projecting 
pavilion with an arched door beneath and two windows 
above, one over the other, placed in a shallow recess, the 
flat arch of which is within the pediment ; the parapet 
between these three projections is embattled ; in the roof 
are six lofty dormer windows. The interior is lighted by 
sixteen circular-headed windows; over the fire-place, at 
the eastern extremity, is a full-length portrait of Primate 
Boulter, who obtained this distinction from his liberality 
and benevolence displayed in causing the poor of the 
city of Dublin to be fed in this hall at his own expense, 
in 1727-28, when a famine visited Dublin. 

The chapel, which stands on the south side of the 
court behind the dining-hall, is a very neat building, and 
its interior is handsome ; the galleries and roof are sup- 
ported by gothic pillars. 

The infirmary, which is of more recent date, is well 
constructed, and affords accommodation more than suffi- 
cient for the demand. 

The establishment has been hitherto supported by 
parliamentary grants, assisted by a tax on the city, and 
by the rents of the estate of the hospital ; the two latter 
sources of revenue, however, afford but a small proportion 
of the sums requisite to the support of the institution, and 
do not exceed the fourth part of the grant annually made 
by parliament. The tax on the city is about to be re- 
linquished, the governors having determined that the 
sum of 51. shall be paid by each parish for every child 
sent from it to the hospital. A bill to this effed ifl now 
(1821) in progress through parliament. It has generally 
been stated as a grievance to the citizens of Dublin, 
that they alone arc compelled to contribute towards tb 



406 FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. — J AMES'S-STREET. 

support of this establishment ; but, on the slightest con- 
sideration, it will appear that nothing could have been 
more equitable than the imposition of the former tax, since 
it was only from the city that admissions were allowed. 
The cause of complaint, however, is likely to be speedily 
removed by the act above alluded to. 

The establishment is under the management of a board 
of thirteen governors, in conjunction with a similar 
number of governesses ; amongst the former are the 
Archbishop of Dublin, the Bishops of Deny, Ferns, and 
Elphin, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and, 
amongst the latter, many ladies of family and fortune. 
The expenditure is considerable, owing as well to the 
number of resident officers requisite, as to the immense 
number of country nurses to be paid. There are at present 
no less than 5,000 children with nurses in the country, 
and nearly 1,200 in the hospital. 

The resident officers are, a chaplain, registrar and pay- 
master, apothecary, provider, head master (male schools), 
superintending school-mistress and housekeeper. 

The male schools are now placed under the immediate 
superintendence of the chaplain, the Rev. H. Murray, whose 
abilities and general information are universally acknow- 
ledged, and whose name is well known as a theological 
writer of high repute. At a certain age the children are 
apprenticed out to trades, for which they are previously 
prepared, by instructing them in such branches as they 
show a disposition to cultivate ; and the greatest care is 
taken by the governors in selecting the most respectable 
persons as masters. For the last twenty years, on an 
average 2,000 children have been admitted to the hos- 
pital, and the parliamentary grant has been between 
20,000 and 30,000/. 



st. Patrick's, or swift's hospital. 407 



ST. PATRICK'S, OR SWIFT'S HOSPITAL.— BOW- 
LANE, JAMES'S-STREET. 

The founder of this hospital, which was the first esta- 
blished in Ireland for the reception of idiots and lunatics, 
was the celebrated Dean Swift. It may, perhaps, have 
been regarded as one of the most remarkable instances of 
the strange coincidences frequently to be observed, that 
the very person who founded this institution shoidd sub- 
sequently have been reduced to the condition of the most 
wretched of its inmates ; but this fact is easily accounted 
for, without recourse to any miraculous presentiment, by 
the recollection of this circumstance, that for many years 
previous to the complete wreck of one of the noblest of 
created minds, the gradual decline of memory, the frequent 
gusts of passion, and the weariness of life, under which 
this unfortunate man then laboured, formed too sure indi- 
cations of the dreadful catastrophe that was to ensue. It 
was probably the expectation of such a termination which 
led him, while yet his reason possessed somewhat of its 
original powers, to think of this subject with attention, 
and caused him to perceive the deplorable situation in 
which many wretches were placed, from the total want 
of an institution appropriated to their reception. 

He therefore, by his will, bequeathed the whole of his 
property, subject to a few legacies, to the laudable purpose 
of building and supporting an asylum for the reception of 
idiots and lunatics. The amount of the bequest was up- 
wards of 10,000/.; the hospital was commenced in 1749, 
on a site between liow-lane and Steevens's Hospital, pur- 
chased from the latter institution, and was opened for 



408 st. Patrick's, or swift's hospital. 

fifty patients, September, 1757 ; the expense having been 
defrayed partly by the interest of the bequest and sub- 
scriptions received during the building, and partly by two 
parliamentary grants of 1,000/. each. The building has 
been since enlarged, so as to contain 177 patients. 

The front, about 1 50 feet, consists of a centre and two 
wings, the former, which has two stories above the base- 
ment, is rusticated, and of granite ; the latter plain. There 
is a neat court-yard planted with trees and separated 
from the street by a high wall ; here the convalescent 
patients are permitted to exercise ; behind there are gar- 
dens, which are cultivated principally by the labour of the 
patients. 

There are six wards, three in each of the two buildings 
which run parallel to each other at right angles with the 
front, at a distance of 32 feet, and are 327 feet by 33, and 
three stories high. Each ward is divided into a corridor, 
its whole length, and cells opening from it ; the latter, 
158 in number, are 12 feet by 8, the corridor 325 by 14, 
and sufficiently lofty ; there are, besides openings from 
the corridor, in each ward two apartments, of 1 6 feet by 
12, for the accommodation of chamber boarders, and two 
rooms for the keeper of the w T ard. The ventilation is 
good, and is principally effected by large open casements 
with gratings, at the northern end; there are fire-places 
in the corridors, and every possible contrivance is 
adopted for rendering the accommodations at once healthy 
and comfortable. Besides the apartments above men- 
tioned, 16 feet by 12, there are seven others appropriated 
to chamber boarders ; these are in the front building, and 
the occupants pay 100 guineas per annum, for which 
they have a servant for their own use exclusively. 



RICHMOND LUNATIC ASYLUM. 409 

There is a second class of boarders, who pay sixty 
guineas a year ; they lodge in the wards, but have very 
excellent accommodation and attendance. 

The officers are a physician, surgeon, master, matron, 
and six ward-keepers. 

The master and matron have allowances for coals, 
candles, soap, &c. The medical officers have no regular 
salary from the institution, but receive fees from the 
chamber boarders ; the physician four guineas for each, 
with two guineas entrance ; the surgeon two guineas for 
each ; both annually. The Lord Primate, Lord Chan- 
cellor, Archbishop of Dublin, Deans of Christ-church 
and St. Patrick's, and the Physician and Surgeon General 
are ex officio Governors. No institution can be more 
judiciously managed; the expenditure, though great, is 
considerably within the income, and, even in the present 
distressed state of the country, the governors have been 
able to collect the rents, so as to have a large sum in ad- 
vance. No assistance, whatever, is received from parlia- 
ment. 



RICHMOND LUNATIC ASYLUM, BRUNSWICK- 
STREET. 

The accommodation for lunatic patients in this city 
and the neighbouring parts of the country, having been 
found quite inadequate to the demand, it was determined 
by the legislature to direct the foundation of an institu- 
tion which might be sufficient to receive all the cases of 
mental derangement, not provided for by other establish- 
ments of the kind, not only in Dublin, but throughout the 
country. The cells attached to the House of Industry in 



410 RICHMOND LUNATIC ASYLUM. 

Dublin, and to the different workhouses in the other 
towns through the kingdom, having formerly been the 
only receptacles for the wretched sufferers, and these 
being necessarily crowded, without any possibility of 
classification, it was evidently not to be expected that 
the medical and moral treatment of the disease should 
have proved generally successful. The benevolent views 
of the legislative and executive governments have not 
been disappointed, for, as few institutions of the kind have 
been more prudently and judiciously conducted than 
this, so in few have the proportion of successful cases 
been greater. 

It is under the controul of a Board of Governors ; the 
chief officers are, a moral governor, a physician, and sur- 
geon. The institution was originally designed solely for 
pauper patients, but the Board have very judiciously de- 
termined not to deny its benefits to those whose families 
are in possession of moderate means, and who yet would 
be quite unable to bear the enormous expense of support- 
ing their friends afflicted with this dreadful malady. This 
class of persons comprehends, perhaps, the most deserving 
part of society, and, therefore, it is not only justifiable but 
highly laudable to attempt every means of affording them 
comfort, particularly under such trying circumstances. 
It is with this view that the governors have adopted the 
plan of admitting patients able to defray a part of the ex- 
pense of their support. 

The establishment accommodates 230 patients, whereof 
226 are paupers, and four contribute a small sum towards 
their maintenance; there are 198 cells, besides rooms 
containing two or three beds for convalescent patients, 
but occasionally a few more than this number can be ac- 
commodated. The number in the asylum, January *, 



RICHMOND LUNATIC ASYLUM. 411 

1820, was 234, of whom G9 were discharged cured, 19 
relieved ; it appears also by the report of the institution, 
that there is reason to believe, that of the 19 discharged 
" relieved," 10 have recovered, making altogether 79 re- 
covered; the number who died was 24. 

The views of the Governors are carried into effect by 
the attention and talents of the moral governor, (Mr. 
Grace,) and it is found, as might have been expected, that 
a state of moderate exertion is best calculated to promote 
the return of the mental powers ; bodily exercise, as tend- 
ing to invigorate the general system, is of the greatest ad- 
vantage, and is therefore adopted in all cases which per- 
mit it. The male patients are chiefly employed in the 
gardens and grounds ; some are occupied in domestic 
offices, and a few who have been tradesmen, have been 
induced to resume their former occupations, so that there 
is a prospect that several articles of consumption in the 
hospital may soon be manufactured within its walls. 
The number of males employed in various occupations 
varies from twenty to thirty ; the number of females 
from forty to fifty ; these are generally occupied in spin- 
ning, knitting, mending and making clothes, washing in 
the laundry, &c. ; it is observable, that the women, parti- 
cularly the spinners and knitters, are much more anxious 
to receive their proportion of pecuniary remuneration than 
the male patients. 

The only modes of coercion permitted here are the 
imposition of the arm-straps, the muff, strait-waistcoat, 
solitary seclusion and degradation from one class <>i 
patients to another. 

Religious instruction has been introduced in such a 
manner as to be least liable to produce mischief. All the 
patients who arc capable of duly comprehending the 



412 DISPENSARIES. 

objects of prayer are regularly assembled for that pur- 
pose, and it is observed by the moral governor, that many 
of the most unruly, noisy, and talkative patients, have re- 
strained themselves in a remarkable degree, after having 
been permitted to attend family prayer. Religious books 
have been (with the greatest caution) distributed in 
several instances, and their use has always been attended 
with advantage. 

No person can be admitted as a pauper patient with- 
out a medical certificate of insanity, an affidavit of 
poverty, and a certificate of the moral governor of a 
vacancy : printed forms of the certificates and affidavit 
are to be had of the moral governor at the asylum. 

Independently of the asylums for the insane already 
noticed, there are several in the vicinity of Dublin which 
are devoted to the accommodation of persons of fortune, 
one of these is established at Glasnevin. There is also 
one near Donnybrook, supported by a society of Quakers, 
and designed for patients of their own sect ; this institu- 
tion is, however, about to be enlarged, so as to admit 
those of all classes, and of every religious profession. 



©tsptiisams. 

Of institutions of this kind, there are a great number; 
these, with a single exception, (the Talbot Dispensary,) 
are supported by private contributions, without any as- 
sistance whatever from government. 



TALBOT DISPENSARY. 

The Talbot Dispensary is attached to the House of In- 
dustry, and is intended for the relief of such of the inmates 



DUBLIN GENERAL DISPENSARY. 413 

of that establishment as are not fit to be sent to the dif- 
ferent infirmaries attached to it, a9 well as for applicants 
from all parts of the north-western extremity of Dublin ; 
it is attended every morning' by one physician and two 
surgeons. 



ST. MARY'S AND ST. THOMAS'S DISPENSARY, 
COLES-LANE, HENRY-STREET. 

This was the first Dispensary ever established in 
Dublin; attendance three days in the week, Mondays, 
Wednesdays, and Fridays ; there are four physicians and 
two surgeons who perform the duty in turn, exclusively 
of the consulting physicians. 



DUBLIN GENERAL DISPENSARY, No. 4, FLEET- 
STREET. 

This Dispensary was founded in 1782, and was de- 
signed for the relief of the whole city ; but the several 
establishments of the same kind, since instituted, have 
somewhat contracted the sphere of its general action. 
Still, however, it is imperative on the different officers of 
it to afford their assistance to the poor, from whatever 
part of the town they may apply for assistance. A re- 
commendation from a Governor is necessary, previously 
to receiving relief from this institution, which, no doubt, in 
some degree, diminishes its utility. There are six phy- 
sicians, exclusive of a consulting physician, and the 
same number of surgeons. 

The latter attend the Dispensary daily, the former three 
days in the week, at eleven o'clock, (Monday, Wednesday, 



414 DUBLIN GENERAL DISPENSARY. 

and Friday), in their turn, one physician and one surgeon 
attending the house practice for a month at a time. The 
whole city is divided into six districts, to each of which a 
physician and surgeon are attached, whose duty it is to 
visit at their own homes such patients as may be unable 
to attend at the Dispensary. 

Subscribers of one guinea annually, or life subscribers 
of five guineas, are eligible as governors. Twelve of the 
subscribers, in conjunction with the twelve medical officers, 
form the Board of Governors. 

A branch of the Humane Society is held at this institu- 
tion ; the Board consists of the medical men of this insti- 
tution, those of Steevens's Hospital, the physician and 
surgeon general, the Lord Mayor, &c. On account of 
its immediate vicinity to the river, many cases of sus- 
pended animation have been brought to the institution, 
and a very great proportion indeed have been restored 
to life. The requisite apparatus is here provided. 

The establishment was, until lately, held in Temple- 
court, Temple-bar ; but the declining state of the funds, 
from the obscurity of the situation, together with the 
advantageous offer of the present house, induced the 
Governors to endeavour to stimulate the public to a more 
liberal contribution, by removing to a situation where the 
institution might be more within the view and contempla- 
tion of the public. 



MEATH DISPENSARY. 415 



MEATH DISPENSARY, OR SICK-POOR INSTI- 
TUTION, 25, MEATH-STREET. 

This institution was opened in 1794, and was designed 
for the relief of the poor of the Earl of Meath's liberty, 
comprising four parishes, where the population is more 
numerous, and the poverty of the lower orders more ex- 
treme, than in other parts of the city ; the number of ap- 
plicants from that quarter to the Dublin General Dispen- 
sary, joined to the consideration of the great distance of 
that establishment, induced a number of private indivi- 
duals to establish an institution on the spot, following the 
general plan of the other Dispensary. 

The medical department consists of six physicians and 
one surgeon, the former attend daily in turn, the latter 
visits the institution each day, both from eleven to two 
o'clock. These officers, until lately, have had salaries 
from the institution proportioned to the length of their 
services, but the Governors have now withdrawn their 
allowance. For the space of twenty-six years, no public 
charity could have been better conducted ; the alertness 
of the medical men was quite proverbial. It is rather to 
be hoped than expected, that the economical plan pur- 
sued by the Governors may not tend to the injury of the 
establishment, since a great loss to the poor may arise from 
a relaxation of the exertions of the medical men, who, 
however charitably disposed, cannot in justice be ex- 
pected to bestow so much time and labour on the duties 
of their office, as when they received a moderate compen- 
sation for the time they expended, and the fatigue they 
underwent in the discharge of them. 



41fi VACCINE OR COW POCK INSTITUTIOV. 

Persons paying ten guineas are Governors for life ; 
annual subscribers of one guinea, or more, are Governors 
for the year. 



VACCINE OR COW POCK INSTITUTION, 
62, SACKVILLE-STREET. 

This institution was opened January 14th, 1804, for 
the purpose of securing a succession of cow pock infection, 
of inoculating gratuitously the children of the poor, and 
of supplying the different parts of the kingdom with 
genuine vaccine infection. 

With a view to carry into effect these most laudable 
designs, six medical gentlemen of great respectability 
associated themselves under the name of the Directors of 
the Vaccine Institution ; under their directions, the secre- 
tary, or his assistant, both of whom are physicians of very 
considerable experience, attend twice a week, (Tuesdays 
and Fridays,) from twelve to three o'clock, for the purpose 
of vaccinating the children of the poor. The numbers of 
applicants have been, from the first, very considerable, 
and it is gratifying to observe, that the numbers vac- 
cinated are annually increasing. Notwithstanding the 
many reports of the inefficacy of vaccination, very few 
indeed have ever appeared at the institution, to complain 
of failures in those who had been there inoculated ; and out 
of the immense number of individuals vaccinated at the in- 
stitution since its first opening, amounting very nearly to 
6S,000, the Directors admit the occurrence of no more 
than four cases of genuine small pox, none of which 
proved fatal. In order to ascertain whether the process 



VACCINE OR COW POCK INSTITUTION. 417 

succeeds in a proper manner, occasional inspection is ne- 
cessary, and to insure the attendance of the mother with 
her child, at a proper period after the operation has been 
performed, it is the rule to demand a deposit of ten pence, 
to be returned as soon as the period of inspection has ex- 
pired, if the mother has been punctual in her attendance. 
This regulation, if it could be adhered to in every instance, 
would tend to remove the doubts concerning the efficacy 
of vaccination, in those cases where small pox subse- 
quently occurs ; but unfortunately, from more than one 
cause, it is not productive of the utility it promises, for 
many of the applicants are so poor as to be unable to 
make the deposit, which is therefore in those cases dis- 
pensed with, and besides, many who live at remote dis- 
tances, prefer forfeiting their deposit to undergoing the 
labour of carrying the child to the institution. 

The establishment is supported in a great degree by 
private contributions, and by the profits arising from the 
sale of the vaccine matter; packets of which may be had 
in any part of the kingdom, free of postage. The assist- 
ance derived from government is exceedingly trilliiiL: ; 
perhaps in no institution was there ever so much 
public utility produced at so small an expense to the 
community. 

The only officer who receives a salary is the secretary, 
on whom, or his assistant, devolves the entire labour of the 
institution. The house is allotted to the accommodation 
of the secretary, and is at present occupied by his as- 
sistant. 

The annexed table shows the number of children rao> 
cinated annually, since the establishment of the institu- 
tion. 



i ■ 



418 



Years. 

1804 - 

1805 - 

1806 - 

1807 - 

1808 - 

1809 - 

1810 - 

1811 - 

1812 - 

1813 - 



FINE 


ARTS. 






Number 






Number 


vaccinated. 


Years. 




vaccinated 


578 


1814 - 


- . 


- 5,585 


1,032 


1815 - 


- - 


- 2,984 


1,356 


1816 - 


- - 


- 6,497 


2,146 


1817 - 


- - 


- 4,529 


3,002 


1818 - 


- - 


- 4,082 


3,941 


1819 - 


- - 


- 4,218 


4,084 


1820 - 


- - 


- 7,748 


4,157 


Six months 1 




5,162 


ending July f 


- 2,798 


4,968 


1821. 







His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant is patron. 

Besides the Dispensaries already mentioned, there are 
several of minor note, which are of great advantage to 
the poor, in the different parts of the city. Among them 
are, 

The Charitable Institution, Kildare-street. 

The National Eye Infirmary, North Cumberland- 
street. 

Saint Mary's Hospital, Ormond Quay-street, &c. 



dFute arte. 



Though Ireland has produced many eminent artists, 
(painters particularly,) yet the Arts are, comparatively 
speaking, almost in a state of infancy in the metropolis of 
the kingdom, There is either a want of sufficient taste 
amongst the Irish gentry, or the country is too poor to 
afford support or existence to professions not absolutely 
necessary. 

It cannot be urged, that neglect, on the part of govern- 
ment, in not patronizing the Arts, is one of the chief 



FINE ARTS. 419 

operating causes against their advancement, for no 
charter, or patronizing name, could correct the taste of 
the country, if it were impure, or compel the public to 
purchase thousands of very inferior works, for the despe- 
rate chance of what some very distant period might 
produce. 

As the Royal Academy in London was founded so late 
as 1768, the Irish artists need not be very loud in their com- 
plaints, or very indignant at not being incorporated until 
this present year (1821), and perhaps the artists of Dublin 
are not quite correct in attributing such magical effects to a 
royal charter upon persons in their present circumstances ; 
but this question does not properly belong to our subject. 
There are about fifty artists resident in Dublin, of whom 
not more than six or eight live by what is termed the legi- 
timate exercise of their art. Let it not be concluded from 
the preceding observations, that the exertions of the Dublin 
Society, to rescue the Arts from neglect, have been totally 
ineffectual, for, in their academies, many distinguished 
artists have received the rudiments of their education ; and 
if the fostering hand of a great and noble institution were to 
protect dawning genius, until its brilliancy became suffi- 
cient to emit a strong and permanent lustre, the ends of 
its establishment would be fully answered. Initial or 
elementary instruction is all that can be expected from the 
Society's schools, which is quite sufficient for future 
mechanics and traders, and so far the utility of their 
academies is universally acknowledged. 

Numerous attempts have been made to establish 
annual exhibitions of painting and sculpture, and, pre- 
viously to the year 1800, they were highly creditable to 
the artists of Ireland; but, since that period, they have 
been irregular, and the collections unpromising. 

I£'2 



420 FINE ARTS. 

In 1764, the artists associated and erected a large and 
handsome edifice in William-street, called the " Exliibi- 
tion Room ;" but the emoluments of the exhibitions were 
not sufficient to pay the interest of the debentures, issued 
to create a building fund ; and the house devolved to their 
agent, who had advanced considerable sums for its com- 
pletion. 

The next exhibition, presented to the public, was held 
in the House of Lords, by the permission of Lord Hard- 
wicke. Not many years after, his Grace the Duke of 
Richmond, then Lord Lieutenant, instituted a Society of 
Arts, and an exhibition was held under his patronage, in 
1810, in the Dublin Society's house, Hawkins'-street, 
(now the New Theatre Royal,) at which several works of 
merit appeared. Dissensions amongst the artists them- 
selves, at this period, considerably abated the warmth of 
public feeling towards them, and a new society was in- 
stituted, under the patronage of his present Majesty, 
(then Prince Regent,) for exhibiting the works of the Old 
Masters. These exhibitions also were held in the Dublin 
Society's house in Hawkins'-street, but have been discon- 
tinued since the removal to Leinster House, where no col- 
lection, either of the Old Masters, or of Living Artists, 
has ever been exhibited. 

This year, (1821,) an exhibition of painting and 
sculpture was held in the Public Rooms attached to the 
Royal Arcade, in College-green, which did not prove very 
attractive.* It may not be uninteresting to name some 



* There were some admirable pieces by Asliford and Roberts In this 
exhibition, but they were painted so many years back, and exhibited 
so repeatedly, that it may fairly be asked of these artists, " Inter quo? 
referendi erunt ? vetcrcsne ?" 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 421 

of the distinguished artists who incorporated themselves 
with their brethren in London ; amongst them arc 
Barrett, Peters, Barry, Shee, Mulready, Thompson, &c. 
Many of equal, and some of superior talent, never thought 
it expedient to withdraw from their native city, viz. 
Hamilton, Ashford, Roberts, Comerford, to which list 
might with truth be added, the name of the distin- 
guished artist, from whose drawings the engravings for 
tins work were made. 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS BY 
THE OLD MASTERS. 



LORD CHARLEMONT S COLLECTION, PALACE-ROW. 

Portrait of himself Rosabella. 

St. John in the Wilderness Carreggio. 

Judas throwing down the pieces of silver Rembrandt. 

Caesar Borgia, (a portrait) Titian. 

Musicians Michael Angela Coram 

Lord Aylesbury, (a portrait) Sir Joshua Rean a U t. 

Head of St. Peter / amlmke. 

Fruit pieces Michael Angela <l> I Campidbglio, 

Gates of Calais Ibg mr t h . 

Lady's last stake, (unpublished) , Ditto. 

Harlot's progress, (second subject) Ditto. 

Mrs. Wolbngton Ditto. 

Two sea views // "right, of Derby. 

Landscape ( laude Lorrain. 

Venus chiding Cupid Sir Joshua RefnokU. 

Justice, (a portrait) Qiorgione. 

An old mau'6 head Hogarth, 



422 PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 

EARL OF FARNHAM'S PALACE-ROW, RUTLAND-SQUARE. 

Duke and Duchess of Lerma Velasquez. 

Landscapes Gasper Poussin . 

Ditto Gainsborough. 

Venus extracting the thorn from her foot Paul Veronese. 

Prodigal son's return Romanelli. 

Landscapes Loutherbourg. 

Ditto Ricci. 

Woman taken in adultery Caravaggio. 

THE MARQUIS OF WATERFORD's, MARLBOROUGH-STREET. 

The woman of Samaria Lanfranc. 

Martyrdom of St. Sebastian Baroccio. 

Sea-port B. Peters. 

Battle piece Bret/del. 

Ditto Ditto. 

Diana and the death of Actaeon Filippo Lippi. 

preparing for the chase ,. Ditto. 

Offering of the Wise Men Tenters. 

Cattle fVovermans. 

Landscape Teniers. 

Holy Family Caracci. 

David bearing the head of Goliah Simon de Vos. 

Marriage of Canaan Ditto. 

Dead Christ Quintin Matsys, (the Smith, of Antwerp.) 

A Magdalen Rubens. 

Allegorical piece, the Virgin and Child .... Vandyke, in the 
style of Rubens and Lang Jan. 

Cattle and figures Francisco Castiglione. 

Ditto Ditto. 

Landscape and figures Lucatelli. 

Banditti, Gambling , Paul Potter. 

Sylvan figures P. Battoni, after Rubens and Snryders. 

St. Jerome Rothenhantrr and I 'inkenbooms. 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 423 

Holy Family Carlo Muratti. 

Annunciation Ditto. 

Landscape and figures D. Aden*-. 

Ditto Miehan. 

Two portraits P. D. Bray. 

THE HONOURABLE AND REV, MR. POMEROy's, MERRION- 
SQUARE, NORTH. 

The Grecian Daughter Guercino. 

Christ bearing his cross : . . . . Murillo. 

Flute-player . Velasquez. 

Diana and nymphs Titian. 

Sea view Claude. 

Landscape and figures Tenters. 

Ditto and.'.cattle Ditto. 

Landscape Salvator Rosa. 

Ditto Ditto. 

St. Sebastian Fandykc. 

This is considered the finest collection in Dublin. 

WILLIAM JOHN MOORE'S, ESQ., RUTLAND-SQUARE. 

Ecce homo Guido. 

Italian peasants Piazze/ti. 

Charles I. (three views of his countenance in the same piece, 
done for Bernini the sculptor, in order to give him B 
perfect idea of the head and face) Vandyke. 

Marriage of St. Catherine Correggio. 

Sea piece, (calm) fV. Vand<rvelde. 

Noah entering the ark Tenors. 

Fountain and horses fVouvervutns. 

Interior of a cottage and figures, by candlelight, Rembrandt, 

Draft of fishes Ruben*. 

Old man and interior. Gerard Dow, 

Interior of a cathedral Peter Neefi. 

With nearly one hundred more of great excellence. 



424 PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 

provost's house, grafton-street. 

Nero, contemplating the dead body of his mother — Domc- 

nichino. 

St. John Paul Veronese. 

Old man's head Spagnoletto. 

Holy Family, (baptism) Titian. 

With an immense number of portraits of distinguished 
literary characters. 

francis Johnston's, esq., eccles-street. 

This is a most extensive and beautiful collection, and dis- 
posed more advantageously than any other in Dublin ; the 
principal works are hung in their proper lights in a rotunda, 
at the rear of Mr. Johnston's house, erected for this purpose 
expressly ; and the arrangement bears ample testimony to the 
taste of this very eminent artist. The following is but a 
brief extract from Mr. Johnston's catalogue :— 

St. Mark's Place, during the Carnival Canaletti. 

Landscapes by S. Rosa, Barrett, J 'emit. 

Waterfall in Switzerland Gcsner. 

The seasons Bassan. 

Battle Wouvernwhs. 

Wise Men's offering Albert Durer. 

Boys blowing bubbles, and two others Murillo. 

Cattle Paul Potter. 

Angel appearing to the shepherds Albert Cin/p. 

Cattle and shepherd Rosa de Tivoli. 

Basket-maker Michael Angela Caravaggio. 

St. Peter Rubens. 

St. Augustine Lan franc. 

Female miser Quintin Mafsi/s. 

St. Francis (initio. 

St. Jerome N. Poussin. 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 425 

MAJOR SIR'S, DUBLIN CASTLE. 

The following sketch is too brief to give an adequate idea 
of the importance of this extensive collection : — 

Venus and Adonis (purchased in Rome by Lord Bristol).. 

Titian. 

Susanna and the elders Giorgione. 

Death of Cato Salvator Rosa. 

Adoration of the shepherds Murillo. 

St. Sebastian Guido. 

Landscape and figures Claude. 

Rape of Helen N. Poussin. 

Tobit and Angel S. Rosa. 

Christ disputing in the Temple Ecklioul. 

Sea-port with storm and lightning Rembrandt. 

Christ bearing the cross Rubens. 

Landscapes by S. Rosa ami the younger Teniers. 

Original design from his windows near Richmond . . Sir J. 

Reynolds. 

Curtius leaping into the gulph Paul Veronese. 

Christ in the sepulchre Guercino. 

Landscapes Habbima and IVilson and Caspar PomnUt, 

Man on horseback with landscape JPbuvermtmf* 

The Virgin Albert Durer. 

&c. &c. 

JOHN BOYD'S ESQ., STEPHEn's-GREEN, SOUTH. 

St. Andrew Annibal Coracci. 

Martyrdom of St. Sebastian (htercino. 

Altar-piece Albert Durer. 

Abraham and Isaac Diepenbeke. 

Dutch fair A. Cuj/p. 

A skirmish of cavalry Fonder Ml "/> n. 

A storm Backhuyten . 

View in Venice ( 'analetti. 



426 PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 

Woman taken in adulter)' Franks. 

Scourging of Christ Vunderwerf. 

Scene from Don Quixote Hogarth. 

Landscape (with banditti) 5. Rosa. 

Ditto Francisco Bologncse. 

Ditto Van Goyen. 

With many beautiful portraits by Tintoretto and others. 

ALDERMAN CASH'S, RUTLAND-SQUARE. 

Two large landscapes (painted in Rome) Jacob Moore. 

The Royal Family Zoffani. 

Landscapes by Melzu, Luca Giordano, Opie, Brueghel. 

Landscape Barrett. 

Ditto Gilpin. 

Ditto Fan Eginont. 

Bergham, a very fine moucheron, with figures, by Van- 
dervclde ; besides a number of cabinet pictures, and some of 
the best productions of the present Irish artists. 



THOMAS MANNING S, ESQ., GLOSTER-STREET. 

Susanna and the Elders P.de Cortona. 

flower pieces ■ Van Oost. 

Landscape N. Poussin. 

Vertumnus and Pomona IVigmana. 

Landscape JVilson. 

HENRY MANNING'S, ESQ., GRENVILLE-STREET. 

Virgin and Child Raphael. 

Portrait of a Burgomaster Rembrandt. 

A Magdalen Caracci. 

Sea piece J'ernet. 

Landscape ,,,,,,,.,.,,.. Swanefeld. 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 4'27 
LADY HARRIET DALY'S, HENRIETTA-STREET. 

The Assumption Mmitto. 

Cleopatra Barroccio. 

Portrait of Himself Rembramlt. 

A Magdalen Gmido. 

Virgin and Child Caracci. 

St. Francis Ditto. 

RICHARD POWER'S, ESQ., KILDARE-STREET. 

The Woodman (copied in worsted by Miss Linwood) . . Darker. 

Landscape and cattle Mio-Ulo. 

Ditto Ditto. 

Cattle Ami 

Portrait E. Senmi. 

Charity C. Cignaiii. 

Ruins / 'iciuni. 

Landscape A. Kemffimtm . 

This list might readily be much enlarged, but it would be 
trifling with our readers to direct them to exhibitions, to 
which they might be refused admission. 



428 ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 



<£nbirmt0 of Dublin* 

The City of Dublin is encompassed by two canals, 
communicating with the LifFey, near its mouth, on the 
north and south sides, where extensive docks are attach- 
ed to them. Upon passing the canal bridge, on the 
north side of the city, a flat but highly improved country 
is expanded to the view. On the road leading to Howth 
harbour, not far from Clontarf, is Marino, the seat of the 
Earl of Charlemont, consisting of about 100 acres richly 
wooded; in the centre of which stands the Casino, a 
beautiful structure, designed by Sir W. Chambers, and 
a rich specimen of Italian architecture. In this demesne 
there are several objects worth the attention of the visiter, 
viz. the hermitage, and Rosamond's bower. 

In the neighbourhood is Killester, the seat of Lord 
Newcomen, a beautiful demesne of about 50 acres, with 
an excellent house. In the garden are graperies and 
pineries of great extent. Near the village of Clontarf, 
about one mile from Killester, stands Clontarf Castle, the 
seat of George Vernon, Esq., a stately edifice, possessing 
noble apartments, excellent gardens, and surrounded by 
a highly improved demesne. A few miles farther to the 
north is Malahide Castle, the seat of Colonel Talbot, 
Member for the County of Dublin. This ancient building, 
and the grounds attached to it, were given to the Talbots 
by Henry II. ; much care and pains are used to preserve 
that air of antiquity which every object about this in- 
teresting spot possesses. The oak parlour is not only a 
great curiosity, but a strong testimony of the skill and 
address of artists in the davs of other times. 



ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 429 

Turvey House and Park, formerly the seat of Lord 
Kingsland, but now belonging to the Trimleston family, 
is an extensive demesne, and thickly wooded, but no 
farther interesting. There is another magnificent resi- 
dence at the north side of the city, three miles from 
Dublin, Santry, the seat of Sir Compton Domville, Bart., 
remarkable principally for its great extent. 

Near Malahide, is the Church of St. Dolough, an object 
of great interest to the antiquarian ; this ancient build- 
ing, which is roofed with stone, and in excellent preserva- 
tion, is of such a style of architecture as to render it a 
matter of considerable difficulty to reconcile the date of 
its erection with any exact period ; there are many holy 
wells of various forms and properties around. 

On the hill of Howth, which is such a prominent fea- 
ture in the scenery at the north side of the city, is Howth 
Castle, the seat of the Earl of Howth: the house is 
an ancient castle modernized, and is much disfigured by 
being so constantly and accurately white-washed. In 
the residence of tins ancient and noble family, some 
relics of the greatness and heroism of their ancestor* are 
still preserved: here maybe seen the double-handled 
sword, with which Sir Tristram committed such havoik 
amongst the Danes. 

The Abbey of Howth is a beautiful and interc -tin- 
ruin, and contains some curious tombs; and on the island 
of Ireland's Eye, about three quarters of a mile from the 
pier head, are the ruins of the Monastery of Holm Patrick ; 
upon this little detached piece of land, there i< a 
castellated rock, which, seen from the shore, never tail- 
to deceive the stranger; and on the shore along which 
the Dublin road winds, are the ruins of Kilbanick Abbey, 
To the south of Dublin lies a country not exceeded by 



430 ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 

any outlet in the empire, a spacious inclined plane reach- 
ing from the foot of the mountains to the sea side, 
thickly studded with villages, lodges, castles, desmesnes, 
villas, &c, from Dublin to the base of Sugar-loaf Hill, a 
distance of twelve Irish miles. 

The villages of Black Rock and Dunleary have long 
and deservedly been celebrated as bathing places, and the 
retreat of all the citizens on Sundays. Near Black Rock 
are innumerable seats, commanding delightfid sea and 
mountain views, the most splendid of which is Mount 

Merrion, the seat of Verschoyle, Esq. ; the demesne, 

which is enclosed by a high wall, contains 100 acres 
beautifully wooded, and commands a view of the whole 
County of Dublin, part of the County Wicklow, with the 
scalp in the fore-ground, and, in cloudless weather, the 
mountains of the County Down may be distinctly seen 
from these grounds. 

Sans Souci, the seat of Mr. La Touche ; Leopard's Town, 
the residence of Lord Castle-Coote ; Stillargan, and many 
other equally magnificent demesnes, adorn this neighbour- 
hood. 

More to the west are Rathfarnam Castle, formerly oc- 
cupied by the Marquis of Ely, whose property it is; 
Bushy Park, the seat of Robert Shaw, Esq. M. P. for the 
City of Dublin ; Marley, the seat of the Right Honourable 
David La Touche; and Holly Park, the property of 
Jeffrey Foote, Esq. 

Along the banks of the LiiFey, west of the city, is a 
beautiful view of a country in which are some very elegant 
demesnes and splendid mansions. Leixlip Castle and 
the Salmon Leap are romantic and beautiful objects, and 
the aqueduct tin-own across the Rye, by the Royal Canal 
Company, is a great artificial curiosity, being 100 feet 



ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 431 

high. Near to Dublin, along the banks of the riw r. 
several very beautiful plantations and residences. Her- 
mitage, formerly the seat of Colonel Haniield, is particu- 
larly picturesque and romantic. Palmerstown, one of the 
seats of the Right Honourable Lord Donoughmore, 
princely dwelling. 

Lutterils Town, the seat of Luke White, Esq. M. P., 
formerly the property of Lord Carhampton, is one of the 
most extensive demesnes in the county of Dublin. 

The Phoenix Park, the country seat of his Bia IK Of s 
the Lord Lieutenant, and several of the household, is a 
tract of land of about 1000 acres. It was first laid down by 
King Charles II. (1662), who was in possession of that 
part of the lands of Kilmainham which was sunvndi Bed 
to the Crown, (32 Henry VIII., Nov. 2nd.) by Sir John 
Rawson, Knight, Prior of Kilmainham, upon the suppressi. »n 
of the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem, (see Royal Hospi- 
tal). James Duke of Ormond, then Lord Lieutenant, 
purchased, in pursuance to the desire of his Majesty, the 
lands of Phoenix and Newtown, containing 4(>7 acres, to 
add to the lands of Kilmainham, in order to extend the 
park: also a farther quantity of 441 am > Inmi Sir 
Maurice Eustace, Knight, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 
part of the lands of Chapel Izod. Many other town 
lands were then purchased, and united into that enelo.-urc 
now called Phoenix Park, (from the town land of that 
name,) which was the first purchased, and to which 
all the others were added. 

The Park extended on both sides of tin- I .ill! \ , and 
was in consequence much exposed to MfpeOMty up"" 
which it was determined to enclose the part on the north 
side of the river; this, Sir John Temple, (aitnwanb 
Lord Palmcrstown) undertook to perform, on condition 



432 ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 

of being paid 900/. out of the Treasury, and a grant 
being made to him of all the land excluded by the Park- 
wall from the Dublin-gate to Chapel Izod, which condi- 
tions were assented to by his Majesty. The land on the 
other bank of the river was granted by his Majesty for 
the purpose of erecting the Royal Hospital upon, and 
was henceforth excluded from Phoenix Park. 

The first Ranger of the Park was appointed by 
Charles II., and in 1751, the Right Honourable Nathaniel 
Clements, Ranger, father of Lord Leitrim, built a handsome 
lodge for his own residence, which was purchased from 
him by government in 1784, as a country seat for the 
Lord Lieutenant, since which time it has been enlarged 
and beautified, so that its present appearance is not un- 
worthy of the improved taste of this age. Near the 
entrance to the Vice-regal residence, is a Corinthian 
column, thirty feet in height, in the centre of a circidar 
plat of ground, enclosed by iron railing ; this was erected 
in 1745, by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chester- 
field, then Lord Lieutenant, who also improved and 
beautified the whole Park. On the summit of the column 
is a Phoenix, from which it is supposed the Park borrows 
its name ; but the figure was rather a consequence than a 
cause of this appellation, as is obvious from what has 
been mentioned relative to the origin of the Park. 

Opposite the Vice-regal Lodge, is the residence of the 
Chief Secretary, inferior in point of elegance, but still a 
comfortable and elegant mansion. 

There is a large plain of about fifty acres, perfectly 
level, where the troops are reviewed on his Majesty's 
birth-day, and on field-days : at one end of tins is the 
Hibernian School, for the education and maintenance of 
soldier's children, established by Lord Townsend hi 17G7, 



ENVIRONS OF l»l . I i N 

aiid accommodating MM) boys, and n 
is a church attached, where one ai I 
chaplains officiates. 

There are other interesting objects in this Park 
which have already been described, vis. the Weill 
Testimonial, and the Royal Infirmary ; and nan 

Dublin entrance to tl .a! Lodge, in the bottom 

of a wooded glen, is a Chalybeate Spa, with pleating 

ground, and seats for invalids, laid out at the r\| 

of the Dowager Dui public 

benefit. 

Thus has the reader been trespassed upon, in a WOli 
professing to be an Historic View of the City, with :i 
brief sketch of the County itself, of which, though not 
the professed object of this Volume, as it contains t 1 
Metropolis of Ireland, he will excuse the introduction. 

In the little Volume now laid belorc the Public, there 
will necessarily be discovered many iinperieetio:is ; but 
when the Header takes the trouble of investigating how 
many original articles, the result <>t local know! 
observation, have been introduced, he will probablj 
acknowledge, that much ala rnipbahed. 



( tin ) 



KATES OF CARRIAGES, FOB 1821. 

An, Public Carriages arc under the control of the Ma 
tratrs of the Head Police-Office, (Exchange Court, Royal 
Exchange), to whom complaints of misconduct agaiu-i 
owners or drivers are to he preferred, within fourteen day> 
after the offence is committed. 



[From 6 Morning to 12 From I I ! 



Kates of Carriages. 








a 


Night. 




to (J Mom. 








COAch. 


./. Car. 


Sedan.] 


Coach. 


Stduti. 


A Set Down within the Public 


s. d. 


s. d. 


s. d. 


s. d 




Lights 






1 4 


10} 


6} 


2 q 


■ *! 


For (he first Hour 






2 


1 3} 


1 1 


2 


• ■: 


Hor every Hour after 






1 6 


8 


9 


2 


i : 


r'<'.r twelve Hours 






13 6 


G 6 






RATES OF CARRIAGES TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES. 


PLACES. 


Coach) 




PLAC7.S. 


Coach. 


J.Car\ 




s. 


d 


,. -. 




s. d. 




Abboistown 


3 


5 


i 1 1 


('insist ream 


5 .■> 




ArLme 


3 


:'> 


1 4 


( 'ollingstown 




- 


Ashbrook 


3 


5 


1 4 


Cairiikinines 


S 1? 




Hall's-bridee 


2 


ft 


1 -1 


Cabinteelv 


- 1 


.I 3 


Beirut 


5 


■ > 


i ?ij Cork nigh" 






Balhfermot 


3 


5 


i l , Croydon 




1 -i 


Ball'xir:'.!! 


3 


5 


1 1 Dnnsink 


4 1 




Blackroek 


4 


1 


Dolphins-barn-town 


2 ft 




Bluebell 


2 


N 


1 '\ 


Dargle (New) 


5 I 


Booterstown 


3 


5 


1 4} 


Donnycarney 


2 8j 


' ■ 


Belleainp 


S 


5 


2 7^ 


Donny brook 


2 0| 


1 4 


Barberstown 


7 


5 


3 3 


Dmmcondra 


2 0} 


1 4 


Belldovle 


8 


J 


3 3 


(Dubber 


4 1 


1 11| 


Belgriffla 


5 


5 


2 :.| 


Dundriun 


4 1 


1 HI 


Braekenstown 


10 


ip 


3 11 


(Diinleary 


6 1| 


2 71 


Brazil 


10 


10 


3 11 


Dalkey 


10 10 


3 3 


Bullock 


8 


M 


3 3 


Fairview 


2 81 


1 4 


Ballinteer 


5 


s 


2 r.i 


Finglas 


3 S 


1 H 


Brenanstown 


8 


l£ 


3 3 


Finglas Bridge 


2 H 


1 4 


Blackbnsh 


3 


5 


1 11) 


Fox and Geese 


3 5 


1 ') 


Burton Hall 


5 


5 


2 rj 


Feltrum 


10 10 


3 11 


Cabragti 


2 


oj 


1 4 


Forrest 


r a) 


3 2 


Clonskeagb 


2 


8f 


1 1 


Fir House 


.5 5 


2 7} 


Canlil) \b Bridge 


2 


8| 


1 4 


Hod ley Green 


3 5 


1 11} 


Chapel izod 


3 


5 


i ;' 


Glasnevin 


2 ft* 


1 A 


Church Town 


3 


5 


1 4 


Glanasrearv 


8 10 


3 S 


Castleknock 


4 


1 


1 1 1| 


GlenvSle 


1 9 


- 


Clontarf 


.! 


5 


1 4 


Hampsfead 




I 1 


Cloutarf ShedB 


t 


1 


1 I! 1 


Harold's-cross 




1 4 


Coolock 


1 


1 


1 II 1 


Halls-bam 


3 5 


1 4 


Cm nil in 


2 


Bi 


1 4 


llowth 


10 10 


3 II 


Cloghran Ch. 


7 


5j 


3 3 


Huntstown 


1 1 


1 "I 


Clondalkin 


6 


5 


a ■) 


Irish-Unvn 


2 G 


1 I 


Clor.ce 


10 


I" 


3 11 


Johnstown 


S 5 


1 4 


Cmagh 


: 


m 


3 


3 


Ja 


nes Tom 


n 


4 1 


1 11} 



KATES 01' CARRIAGES 






PLACKS. 



Coach 

s. d. 



Island- bridge 
Kildouan 

K Uli'MiT 

Kinia; 

Kilgobbin 

Kiltt-i 

Kill oJ i 

ICnocfcsedan 

Kilmacud 

Leixlip 
Larkfiedd 

Lutirilstown, or 
Menrion 
Mi Mown 
Blt.vel.Faf 

Mt. pel. P lace (B.R.) 
Mt. pel. Row (B.R.) « 
Mount Merrion 
Ma la hide 

Monk.-town 
Mulhnddart 
Mt-rville 
Mount Venus 
Newtown Avenue 
New brook 
Newland 
New Park 
Newtown Park 
Newtn. Hall's Bam 

\ril-tnwil 

OldbawTJ 
Palmerstown 
Souse 
■ Wood 
Pnckstown 
Pickardstown 
Priest House 



t 1 
s 5 
! II 

10 10 

.-> 5 

10 10 

4 9 

4 9 

.5 a 

1.0 10 

10 10 

4 9 



J. Car 

t. d, 
i i 
i li 
i n 
i I.* 
.1 i 
i 11 
i : 
S n 
a i\ 

\A 

3 11 
3 11 



6 

1 1 

10 10 



I 6 

i : 

3 11 

4 



6 9* 
5 5 



I .; 
i n; 

3 3 

-' "J 
• II] 

■ -\ 



PLACES. 

Pbilipsburgh 

Phipebofi 

Ratten) 

i nam 
Ratlin 
. 
Rathgar 

i uk 

Roche's-town 

River-' 

Royal CharteT School 

Royal !' 

R 

Kitlin 

Ship on 

Shoulder ol Mutton 

Stonnai 

■ 

.•nt 
Sandy mounl 

eld 
- 

Si. Doukwgh's 
St. Crftbei 
-■ 

Saint ri 

Pea IMnt(B. R.) 
Snnn-iu.n 

StjIloTg 

Swords 

Tall.-.b 



M. (/. 
10 10 



I. </. 

i II 

1 4 

1 «• 

i s] 



I llj Tuhl ei 

-; Warren fl 

S I Williamrtown 
5 | i i nWindj Harbour 
„ Plac* adjoining tbe Royal or Grand 
-, from 6 in the Morning to 12 >i MgW. 
Do. from 12 at Ni-ht tO« m "'• Mo 



10 in 
f, *t 

4 I 

4 9 

Hi Hi 
1 I 



.1 
I 

I II 

I 

I ' 
I 3J 

.1 
I II 

1 Hi 
I >>) 
.) .< 
1 l.{ 
3 II 

i nj 






Carriages are deemed on th,.r Stand wh-.yr mitwlth. pwrfdoA ,!,.■> I. 
carriages ^ ^ ^ ^ ^r^ ,.„,. il ^ 1 . 

rr^> a fat Down unolieagoUU to an) oftfca abow placet, and returning 

JtTthe ^Ker.'pn^HU-d tlu-r, bV no, lay oi mo* 

.minutes. 



( B6 ) 

Jfeottls in iSubltm 

Arthur Morrison Dawson-street. 

Thomas Gresham 2, Upper Sackville-street. 

William Tuthill 51 3 Dawson-street. 

Christopher Bilton 51, Sackville-street. 

Peter Dunne 19, Ditto. 

William Ryland 45, Ditto. 

Martin Ryan 154, Britain- street. 

Michael Hynes 46, Capel-street. 

Garret Kavanagh 24, Stephen's green. 

Joseph Dollard 2, Bolton-street. 

Patrick Dwyer 51, Exchequer -street. 

Henry Mac ArdeU 41, Ditto. 

Alexander Dempster 25, Bride-street. 

Patrick Coyle Essex-street. 

Matthew Crosbie 14, Sackville-street. 

Thomas Macken 12, Dawson-street. 

William Heron Portobello. 

Joseph Abbot 57, Dawson-street. 

Anne Mitchell Bridge-street. 

John Corbally J 5, Boot-lane. 

Edward Oxford 38, Kildare-street. 

George Elvidge 28, Frederick-street. 

Andrew Farrell 1, Dorset-street. 

George Jones 17, Sackville-street. 

Sarah Wilson 97, Ca pel street. 

Francis Jones 47, Dawson-street. 

.lames Meade 6, Bolton-street, 



*k 



( 437 ) 



1 N DEN. 



i'.. 



\C\DKMY, Royal In-!. .... I 
, History of Ireland. 

D< blin 

Aldermen of Skinti 

Apomeoaties' Rail 



Asylum, Magdalen 

paw-street 

Townsend-street 

Female Penitentiary 

Widows 

i»>»»*le Servants 

Arehiepi-copal Palace 104 

Artirti, Lniog Ai * 



BALfs Bank 

Bank of Ireland 

Oasfl Office 

Hou--e of Commons 

House of Lord- 

LiLL.;. 

Prating Rouse 

Qtg&niza-ti< I 

; . .. 50- 

Kngi efor ••• 

Drying-room foT 

Numberii . 

Perfection of the Irish... 



Barracks 

Bav of Dublin 

Betfasl Bank ■ 

Blind, A 

Simpson's Hospital 

Richmond ln.-litntio!i.... 

Molynenx Asylum 

l',l„e-cnat'Ho-|Ht.il 

Botany-bay-square. ••■••••• • ••• 

BotanVgarden, (College).. 42, 

(Dublin - 

Boyd's, Aldernii.il. Paintmgaat 

Brehon Laws 

Bridewell 

Bridge, Carlisle 

Bridges, Iron 

— K--i\ 

Richmond 

Whitworth 

Queen's 

B1o<kI\ 

9 rah. 



60 
12 

i.", 
il». 
t€ 
i: 

67 

-.16 

m 

18 

244 
lb. 

246 
£47 

342 
(0 

83 

ib. 
-:<, 
ib 



Page 
C, 
CANALS 

View trom 

Cash-office at the Bai 

(Architect).. 

M 

St. Patnck's-hall >■- 

Chapel ' 

Record Tower 

i. St. Rati • 

Monuments in 

CI 

St. Mary's Ch , 

Christ Church 

Relics 

Wave " ; 

Monument.- II*- 

Transept 

I pel — 

C iholic . 
, Metropolitan 







■ I 

street 

BjccI 

Denn 

Clarendon 

Adam and Bve • 

ChoTch-street 

Hardwick-stxeet 

Ebenezer " 

]•" 



i/i 
1 »6 
174 

i:- 

• 

i- 1 

i- • 

|«7 

.b. 

lb. 



Zion 

w . - 





Chamber ol CommCTi 

■ iciatlotti 



Charlemont-hoi M -'• s 

Paii.nn--at I" 

Church, St. Michael'* 

St. J. din's WO 

Mkhan's w] 

St. Audoen - oi Ow« 

St. Nieholai VViti ■• IW 

St. Peter'i IU 



•138 



Church, St. Kevlll> I 13 

St. Werburgh's 1 1 1 

St. Maty's 1 1: 

St. .Aim.-'.- 150 

St. Bridget's 152 

St. George's 1.5-1 

St. George's (Little) 157 

St. Thomas's 158 

St". Catherine's 160 

SI . James's 1 63 

St. Paul's 165 

St. Nicholas Within.... 167 

St. Andrew's ics 

St. Luke's 171 

St. Mark's ib. 

Circular-road 13 

Clontarf 3 

College, Trinity 30 

Chapel 31 

Theatre ib. 

Refectory 33 

(Intended)TriumphalArch ib. 

Library 34 

Fagel Library 35 

I\J anuscri pt-room 36 

Fellows' Garden 37 

Park ib. 

AnatomioalLecture-rooms 38 

Printing-house 39 

Provost's-kouse ib. 

Botany-bay-square 40 

Museum 41 

Observatory ib. 

Botanic-garden 42 

College of Physicians 348 

Surgeons 35 1 

Column, Nelson ,.. 267 

Phoenix 432 

Commercial Buildings 324 

Common Council 5, 205 

Cooley, (Architect).. 216, 283, 316 

Corn Exchange 322 

Corporation 204 

Courts of Law 281 

Court, Prerogative 294 

Consistorial ib. 

Admiralty 295 

of Conscience 210 

Custom House 30S 

Long Room 313 

Dock il>. 



D. 

DALY'S, Lady H. Paintingsat 427 

Deaf and Dumb Institution. .. . 241 

Deanery, St. Patrick's 1 04 

Christ Church 1 ^7 

Dispensary, Talbot 412 

St. Man, &c 113 

Dublin General ib. 

Month 115 



Page 

Drawing School 

Dublin, Ancient Histon tit... I 

Modern History nt' «; 

Site and extent of |0 

Bay of 12 

Environs of 

Society 6 i 

Institution -; 

Library Soeie ly : r, 

E. 

ENGINE for engraving Bank 

Notes 52 

Environs of Dublin 128 

Eustace-street Meeting-house,. 196 

Exchange 315 

Excise il>. 

Executive Government 

Exhibitions of Paintings 1 1 << 

Exhibition Room 420 

Expressing Rollers for V,. 

Notes.! 52 

F. 

FAGEL library 

Farming Society 

Farnham's, Earl of, Pajnfji 

at m 

Fellov. s of Trinity College. . . . 

Fine Arts '. us 

Finlav & Co.'s Bank 

First-Fruits Board 

Friaries 186 

Forgery ......... 

r-ountain, Memon-sqtiare. ... 261 

Fountains, removal of 305 

Four Courts 88a 

G. 

GANDON, (Architect).. ■:. 

293, 313, 316 

Gas Light Company 32x 

George's Hill N unnery 1 9 1 

German Church 204 

Government, Executive I!) 

Municipal WH 

H. 

HAROLD'S Cross Nunnery .. 19 i 
Hospital, Royal, Kilmainbam 383 

Steevens's 362 

Mercer's 365 

Meath ;166 

Lying-in 368 

Hospital. V\ ••Mmnrolaii.l Loci 378 
St. Mark and St. Anne's, 

Fever 38 1 

Sir Patrick Dun'> 386 



M)E\ 






Hospital, Whitworth 

Richmond Surgical •• 

Wmtwoti ib. 

St. Peter and St. Bridget 

Incurables 

House of Industn 4"-' 

Fo i i be 

St. Patricks 

Hotel.- 436 

House of Commons 4'> 

Lords 

Refuge 

Industry 40.' 

Houth .' (2 

Abbey 

Castle ib. 

I. 

IMPROVEMENTS 

Incorporated Society , 

Incurables, llo.-uital for •)(.») 

I ode pendents 

Infirmary, Jen b-streei 

Royal Miiitarj 

Inns of Court '. 

!nn, Collet's g 

Preston's ■ 

Kind's 

Insane, Asylums for .... 407 — 112 
Installation of Knights oi St. 

Patrick ' • 

Institution, the Dublin '< 

insurance (Marine and Com- 
mercial) Offices 

1 11-111 ivetion 

Ireland, Karly History 01 1 

Subdued by the Norma 

Irish Grant. .... 

ivory. < Architect) 



JEWS 204 

John-ton, (Architect 

228, 299 

his Caller ol Paintrrj 1 



KEATING, (Prior) 

Kilniainhain Gaol 

Prion 

Royal Hospital 

King's Inns 

Kin^-street Nunnerv 

Knights of St. Patric - 
lation of 

Templar 

Kirwanian Soeieft 



Lecture?', at the Did.. 

Medidi : 

Bod 

ai - 

on Midwifer) 

Clinical.... 





Library, Trinit I 

- r 

Dublin Soeiel 

Royal lu-li Acadeui) 

Dublin !n-titiitiun : 1 

Dublin Libran - 1 

Mar.-h".- , 

Lightho 

Lord Lieutenant's 1 

rnenl 

Lord Ma 01 

Lucas, Dr. Charles 

Monument 

Statue 

Lunatic Asylum VM 

Hospital) 

Richmond 

CJIa.-nev in 11 

Donii) brook ib. 

Lunatics, treatment of 1 11 

Lurgan liank 

L.3 iiiir-i'i Hospital 

C Lapel 



Id.', 

:.t 



LAW Court-... 
Latouche's Hank 



M. 



LAi .- rp. .... 





Manning's, Thos. Pain 

Henry .... 

Thomas Court 



1 ; 



R 

K 

Sh 

1 

Dublin -• 

Ro 

■ 

1 

Marin.- School ' 

Mirino 

I I'll 

K 

Meath-street Chapel 

.Meal I. 1 

Dispensar) 11 • 

Mendieii . Seciel 

Mcthodiati 

Minot, Thomas 



140 



I n : in \. 



Page 

Model of the Hank 17 

Bridges 67 

Molyneux Asylum 

Monuments, viz.— 

Piovost Baldwin 32 

Dr. Marsh 79 

Karl of Cavan 83 

John Ball 84 

Stella ib. 

Archbishop Tregury.... 85 

Dean Swift lb. 

M'Gee 87 

Dean Keating 88 

Meredith ib. 

Tomlrins 89 

LordRosse ib. 

Boardman 90 

Rigby ib. 

Karl of Cork 94 

Weston 95 

SirG. Fenton ib. 

Sir Robert Boyle 96 

Viscountess Doneraile . . 97 

Duke of Sehoinberg 98 

Dr. Byttolph 99 

Archbishop Jones 100 

Archbishop Talbot 101 

Price 102 

Prior U4 

Strongbow 1 1 6 

Lord Bowes 117 

Lord Lifford 118 

Bishop Ellis 119 

Griffith 122 

Karl of Kildare 123 

Bishop Fletcher 124 

Agard 125 

Dr. Woodward 126 

Dr. Whitshed Ii9 

Dr. Lucas 134 

Dr. Parry 137 

Brereton ib. 

Baron Portlester ib. 

Dr. Ward ib. 

Sir C. Molyneux 138 

Malone ib. 

Motley 139 

Hamilton 140 

Westby 141 

Kit zgibbon 142 

Austen 143 

Guinness 146 

Bishop Tennison 148 

Dr. Law ib. 

Mrs. Chevenin 149 

Dean Fletcher ib. 

Watson ib. 

Lieat.-Colonel Home... 150 

Miss Phibbs 151 

Dr. Stopfprd 152 

I. inil. -Crucial Pomeroy ib. 

Mr. Pleasants 153 



Monuments, viz. — 

Lady Galbraith 151 

Whitelaw 1 r, 1 

, ole 168 

Mylne il>. 

Cooke 164 

Ellis ib. 

Butler ib. 

.Mis. Meade 166 

Colonel Armsby I(i7 

Dr. Betagh 184 

Moore's, Mr. Paintings at .... l^.i 

Moravia ns 202 

Mosse, Dr 370 

Mount-h crrion 430 

Musical Fund Society ^36 

N. 

NELSON'S Column 267 

Newcomen's Hank 59 

Newgate 216 

New Rooms 

Nicholas. S in- 

Numbering and Dating Pn 

Nunneries. 190 



( . 



OLDHAM s, Mr. Apparatus 

for Printing Bank -Notes 49 

Organ, St. Patrick's Cathedral 91 
Orphan House. Female 248 

Sch ols, Female 

Ossified Man - 

Ouzel Galley Association 

P. 

PAINTINGS, List of.... 42 1—4 27 
Paper, Apparatus for wetting. . 50 

Park, College .>: 

Phoenix 43] 

Paving Board 305 

Penitentiary, Dublin 226 

Richmond 227 

Locke 230 

Dublin Female 232 

Phoenicians 2 

Phopnix Park 431 

Column 432 

Physic, School of 356 

Physicians' College 348 

Association of 356 

Pipe Water Committee 307 

Pleasants, Mr 153, 33 1 , 367 

Asylum 250 

Police .'. 213 

Pomeroy's, Mr. Paintings at. . 423 
Portraits at Tiinif\ College.. 

Mansion House 207 

Royal Hospital 138 



INDEX. 



441 



Page 

Post Office 

Penny 297 

Powers, Mr. Paintings at it* 

Presbyterians 194 

Preston's Inn i[iu 

Printing House, University .. 39 

' ■ Bank ^8 

Presses for Bank-note-.. . 53 

Prisons 216 

Provost's House 

Paintings at 124 

Q- 

QUAKERS eoj 

Asylum for Insane Il> 

R. 

RATES of Carriages 434 

Refectory, Trinity College ;.; 

Religion- Societies 

Richmond Bridge >75 

Institution ^ii 

Lunatic Asj lum 109 

Rotunda Rooms ' ; ; 6 

Royal Irish Acadeinj 72 

; Arcade ' 272, 1 20 

Hospital, Kilmainhain.. 333 

S. 

ST. DOLOT'GH 431 

St. Patrick's Hall 1.-, 

Savings' Bant 

School, St. Catherine's, Sun 

Free, Day, 

Bell and Lanea-teriai 

Seats 428, 131 

Seceders 1 D s 

Sessions House }22 

Shaw's Rank 59 

Sheriff-' Prison 219 

Simpson's Hospital -ill 

Smith's Schools 84] 

Smyth, ('Sculptor) i*,U9, l/ij, 310 

Spa at Stove Tenter 1 

Square, Mention 260 

Fitzu illiam 

Rutland Jfid 

Mounijoy 

Society, Dublin 61 

Farming 

Kirvvanian :; 

Iberno-Celtic ii>. 

Dublin Library 75 

Strangers Friend 

■ For Reliel oi Industrious 

Poor ib. 

Debtor's Friend ib. 



Page 
Society, Musical Fund /j« 

Meatli Charitable 

Incorporated 240 

For Kdueationof the Po 

Sunday School -> I 

Religious Tract 256 

Bible, dec 257 

Stump Office 300 

Statue, George 111. Bank 46 

Marquis of Buckingham 101 

George I. Man-ion 11. »09 

George 1 1. Step I 

William lII.College,E 

George III. Exchange .. 3 19 

Dr. Lucas, Exchange 320 

- I)r 

'a Hospital ib. 

Stephen'- Green 

Stove Tenter-house' 331 

Strand-sire t Meeting-house.... 195 
Students at Trinity College.... 28 
Surgeon's College 3.51 

. rtUdj ot 352 

< Operations in 393 

Swift, .MS. notes by 77 

Mask's Portraits of 104 

.'l .Monument 85 

Hospital 40 



T. 
TAILORS' Hall 211 

TApestn lis, 212, -1 

Tenter-house 331 

Theatres 268 

Theatre, CrOW -street 269 

New ib. 

Fi-hamhleslieet 71 

Thol-el 6, 210 

Tobacco 314 

Transactions of the rberho-Cel- 

tie Son fcj 74 

Trea-un . . .' 10 



I'. 

tfNION, The 

University 7, A* 

Pro! osl 

Vice Provosi ib. 

Lit ings 87 

I-Xamiuaiicin of Candi- 
dates il>- 

Scholars 

Classification oi the Stu- 
dents tb. 

Course of Studs 

Usher's Qua) Meeting I 



Q Q 



442 



IK DEX. 



V. 



4IG 

115, 259, 
319, 320 

132 

432 



VACCINE Institution . 
Van Nost, (Sculptor) 81 

Vaults, St. Michan's.... 
Viceroy's Lodge 



W. 

WALDRE, (Painter) 15 

Walker, John '201 

Walkerites iD - 



Page 

Ward's-hill Nunnery 19 > 

Waterford-liouse 

Paintings at 

Wax-models 39 

Weavers' Hall 212 

Wellington Testimonial 287 

Wide-streel Commissioners... 306 
Winter, (Provost) 194 



YARN Hall 330 



ERRATA. 



Page 9 Alborough . . . read 

— 16 Johnson 

— 17 gothic final 

— — gavel 
_ 45 Johnstone 
Ci Since tbearticle " Lurgan Bank 

ha« era-! d to exist. 

— 54 P'ive I) u ml red . 

— 63 (5 la- mere . . 

— G* Smirks . . . 

— r: I divine 

— gl & 1 15 Van Nort 

— lo-v Deans . . . 

— 175 Roulx . . . 

— 204 i oobeg-street . 

— 20s Alderman Lanhey 

— 2ii Homohon . . 

— 214 Vanheaver . . 

— 21.i 

■ Phanian . . 

— 318 Corinthian 

— 324 Hampton Conrl 

— 392 cures (bottom line) 

— 393 operation for the Amerii 



. Aldborough. 
. Johnston. 
. gothic finial 
. gable. 
. Johnston. 

tten, that honte 

. Five thousand 

. Glasnevin 

. Smirke's. 

. celebrated Saint. 

. Van Nost. 

. 

. Alderman Sankey. 

. Homohon 
. Van 

doen's 

dan. 
. 

ipton Court. 



T. C. HANSARD, Printer, Peterl ;1 coi rl 



• 



^- > I 



* 



